Pheidole

AntWiki: The Ants --- Online
Pheidole
Temporal range: 37.2–0 Ma Eocene – Recent
Pheidole aberrans
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Myrmicinae
Tribe: Attini
Genus: Pheidole
Westwood, 1839
Type species
Atta providens, now Pheidole providens
Diversity
1,294 species
7 fossil species
(Species Checklist, Species by Country)

Pheidole aberrans casent0178005 profile 1.jpg

Pheidole aberrans

Pheidole aberrans casent0178005 dorsal 1.jpg

Specimen Label

Synonyms

A hyperdiverse genus of ants that are distinguished by their discrete major and minor workers. While there are other genera with discrete worker castes, none have radiated to the extent of Pheidole. Ants in this genus are most diverse and abundant in the Neotropics but they are also abundant elements of the ant faunas in many other areas of the world. Wilson's (2003) treatment of the New World species and other more recent taxonomic and phylogenetic studies have brought some much needed clarity to defining the boundaries of many species. Still, much work remains before it can be claimed that the genus Pheidole has few new species to be described and that the taxonomy of the group is definitively complete.


Photo Gallery

  • Major and minor worker from Mysuru, Karnataka, India. Photo by Pavan Ramachandra (November 2019).
  • Pheidole are general scavengers, feeding on a wide range of prey. Here, a worker of an Australian species returns to its nest with an amphipod. Photo by Steve Shattuck.
  • An Australian species returns to its nest with a dead Camponotus worker. Photo by Steve Shattuck.
  • Major worker from Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia. Photo by Steve Shattuck.
  • A nest found in leaf litter in northern Queensland, Australia. Photo by Steve Shattuck.

Identification

Pheidole Working Group - Characters

Pheidole Working Group - Keys

Pheidole Working Group - Participants

Pheidole Working Group - Taxonomic Catalogue

AntWeb icon 02.png See images of species within this genus

Keys including this Genus

Keys to Subgenera or Species Groups in this Genus

Keys to Species in this Genus

Regional Treatments

Distribution

Distribution and Richness based on AntMaps

Species by Region

Number of species within biogeographic regions, along with the total number of species for each region.

Afrotropical Region Australasian Region Indo-Australian Region Malagasy Region Nearctic Region Neotropical Region Oriental Region Palaearctic Region
Species 158 63 155 133 78 668 126 74
Total Species 2841 1736 3045 932 835 4379 1741 2862

Fossils

Fossils are known from: Baltic amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Bartonian, Middle to Late Eocene), Dominican amber, Dominican Republic (Burdigalian, Early Miocene), Florissant, Colorado, United States (Late Eocene), Zhangpu amber, Zhangpu County, Fujian Province, China (Miocene) (an unidentified species, Wang et al., 2021).

Biology

Ant Gardens

Two unidentified species of Pheidole from peninsular Malaysia are known to form ant-gardens (i.e., they are able to initiate ant gardens or are restricted to ant gardens) (Campbell et al., 2022; Kaufmann at al., 2001; Kaufmann, 2002 (noted as ant-garden initiator); Kaufmann & Maschwitz, 2006; Orivel & Leroy, 2011).

Association with Other Organisms

Explore-icon.png Explore: Show all Associate data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.

Species Uncertain

  • Unknown species of Pheidole are hosts for the following encyrtid and eucharitid wasps (Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database): Holcencyrtus wheeleri (associate), Australosema valgius (primary host), Hayatosema assectator (primary host), Losbanus "sp. nr. rugulosa", Orasema sp. (primary host), Orasema "sp. 2 nr. bakeri", Orasema "sp. 2 nr. bakeri", Orasema "sp. 2 nr. bakeri", Orasema minuta (primary host), Orasema minutissima, Orasema susanae (primary host), Orasema tolteca (primary host), Orasema wayqecha, Orasemorpha eribotes (primary host) and Orasemorpha myrmicae (primary host).
  • Unknown species of Pheidole are hosts for the strepsipteran Stichotrema robertsoni (Kathirithamby, 1991; Cook, 2019) and the cricket Myrmecophilus ochraceus.
  • An unknown species is host for the ectoparasitic mite Caesarodispus pheidolei in Iran (Rahiminejad & Hajiqanbar, 2015).
  • An unknown species is host for nymphs of the cricket Myrmecophilus ochraceus (Stalling & Cassar, 2020).
  • An unknown species is host for the phorid fly Apocepbalus sp. in Pakitza, Peru (Brown & Fenner, 1998).
  • An unknown species is a associate (details unknown) for the encyrtid wasp Holcencyrtus wheeleri (a associate (details unknown)) (Quevillon, 2018).
  • An unknown species is a host for the cestode Raillietina australis (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • An unknown species is a host for the cestode Raillietina beveridgei (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • An unknown species is a host for the cestode Raillietina chiltoni (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • An unknown species is a host for the cestode Raillietina circumvalata (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • An unknown species is a host for the cestode Raillietina dromaius (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • An unknown species is a host for the cestode Raillietina echinobothrida (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • An unknown species is a host for the cestode Raillietina mehrai (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • An unknown species is a host for the cestode Raillietina mitchelli (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • An unknown species is a host for the cestode Raillietina singhi (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • An unknown species is a host for the cestode Raillietina tetragona (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • An unknown species is a host for the eucharitid wasp Orasema assectator (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • An unknown species is a host for the eucharitid wasp Orasema minuta (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • An unknown species is a host for the eucharitid wasp Orasema sp. nr. bouceki (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • An unknown species is a host for the eucharitid wasp Orasema sp. uichancoi-group (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • An unknown species is a host for the eucharitid wasp Orasema susanae (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • An unknown species is a host for the eucharitid wasp Orasema tolteca (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • An unknown species is a host for the eucharitid wasp Orasema valgius (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • An unknown species is a host for the eucharitid wasp Orasemorpha eribotes (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (multiple encounter modes; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • An unknown species is a host for the eucharitid wasp Orasemorpha myrmicae (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (multiple encounter modes; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • An unknown species is a host for the phorid fly Apocephalus grandipalpus sp. (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • An unknown species is a host for the phorid fly Apocephalus sp. (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • An unknown species is a host for the strepsipteran Apocephalus quadriglumis (a parasite) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • An unknown species is a host for the strepsipteran Pseudacteon obtusus (a parasite) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest).

All Associate Records for Genus

Click here to show/hide associate data.
Taxon Relationship Associate Type Associate Taxon Associate Relationship Locality Source Notes
Pheidole associate (details unknown) encyrtid wasp Holcencyrtus wheeleri associate (details unknown) Quevillon, 2018
Pheidole host cestode Raillietina australis parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole host cestode Raillietina beveridgei parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole host cestode Raillietina chiltoni parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole host cestode Raillietina circumvalata parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole host cestode Raillietina dromaius parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole host cestode Raillietina echinobothrida parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole host cestode Raillietina mehrai parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole host cestode Raillietina mitchelli parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole host cestode Raillietina singhi parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole host cestode Raillietina tetragona parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole host cricket Myrmecophilus ochraceus myrmecophile Mediterranean region
Pheidole host cricket Myrmecophilus ochraceus myrmecophile Mediterranean region Stalling & Cassar, 2020 nymphs
Pheidole host encyrtid wasp Holcencyrtus wheeleri parasite Universal Chalcidoidea Database associate
Pheidole host eucharitid wasp Australosema valgius parasite Girault, 1913; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database primary host
Pheidole host eucharitid wasp Hayatosema assectator parasite Das, 1963; Kerrich, 1963; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database primary host
Pheidole host eucharitid wasp Losbanus "sp. nr. rugulosa" parasite Heraty, 1990; Baker et al., 2019 primary host
Pheidole host eucharitid wasp Orasema "sp. 2 nr. bakeri" parasite Heraty, 1990; Baker et al., 2019 ''Pheidole'' nr. ''californica''
Pheidole host eucharitid wasp Orasema "sp. 2 nr. bakeri" parasite Heraty, 1990; Baker et al., 2019 ''Pheidole'' nr. ''clementensis''
Pheidole host eucharitid wasp Orasema "sp. 2 nr. bakeri" parasite Heraty, 1990; Baker et al., 2019
Pheidole host eucharitid wasp Orasema assectator parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole host eucharitid wasp Orasema minuta parasite Heraty, 1990; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database primary host; ''Pheidole'' nr. ''tetra''
Pheidole host eucharitid wasp Orasema minuta parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole host eucharitid wasp Orasema minutissima parasite Mann, 1918; Heraty, 1994; Wetterer & Porter, 2003; Burks et al. 2018; Baker et al., 2019
Pheidole host eucharitid wasp Orasema sp. parasite Universal Chalcidoidea Database primary host
Pheidole host eucharitid wasp Orasema sp. nr. bouceki parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole host eucharitid wasp Orasema sp. uichancoi-group parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole host eucharitid wasp Orasema susanae parasite Universal Chalcidoidea Database primary host; ''Pheidole'' nr. ''tetra''
Pheidole host eucharitid wasp Orasema susanae parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole host eucharitid wasp Orasema tolteca parasite Universal Chalcidoidea Database primary host
Pheidole host eucharitid wasp Orasema tolteca parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole host eucharitid wasp Orasema valgius parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole host eucharitid wasp Orasema wayqecha parasite Herreid, 2015; Baker et al., 2019
Pheidole host eucharitid wasp Orasemorpha eribotes parasite Boucek, 1988; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database primary host
Pheidole host eucharitid wasp Orasemorpha eribotes parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 multiple encounter modes; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole host eucharitid wasp Orasemorpha myrmicae parasite Heraty, 1994; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database primary host
Pheidole host eucharitid wasp Orasemorpha myrmicae parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 multiple encounter modes; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole host mite Caesarodispus pheidolei parasite Iran Rahiminejad & Hajiqanbar, 2015 ectoparasite
Pheidole host phorid fly Apocepbalus sp. parasite Pakitza, Peru Brown & Fenner, 1998
Pheidole host phorid fly Apocephalus grandipalpus sp. parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole host phorid fly Apocephalus sp. parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole host strepsipteran Apocephalus quadriglumis parasite Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole host strepsipteran Pseudacteon obtusus parasite Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole host strepsipteran Stichotrema robertsoni parasite South Africa Kathirithamby, 1991; Cook, 2019
Pheidole absurda host nematode Mermithidae (unspecified "Mermix") parasite Neotropics Wheeler, 1928; Laciny, 2021
Pheidole acutidens workerless inquiline ant Pheidole nitidula host Brazil Casadei Ferreira et al., 2016; de la Mora et al., 2021; Ferreira et al., 2016; Wilson, 2003
Pheidole alfaroi host eucharitid wasp Orasema wayqecha parasite Universal Chalcidoidea Database primary host
Pheidole antillana host ant Solenopsis enigmatica inquiline de la Mora et al., 2021; Deyrup & Prusak, 2008
Pheidole bergi host cestode Raillietina echinobothrida parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole bicarinata host cestode Raillietina echinobothrida parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole bicarinata host cestode Raillietina georgiensis parasite Georgia, United States Muir, 1954; Laciny, 2021 as ''Pheidole vinelandica''
Pheidole bicarinata host cestode Raillietina georgiensis parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole bicarinata host cestode Raillietina loeweni parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole bicarinata host cestode Raillietina tetragona parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole bicarinata host eucharitid wasp Orasema coloradensis parasite Wheeler, 1907; Johnson et al., 1986; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database primary host
Pheidole bicarinata host eucharitid wasp Oresema sp. parasite Arizona Stefan Cover (pers. obs.)
Pheidole bicarinata host fungus Myrmicinosporidium durum pathogen United States Pereira, 2004; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012
Pheidole bicarinata mutualist aphid Aphis asclepiadis trophobiont Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Pheidole bicarinata mutualist aphid Thecabius populimonilis trophobiont Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Pheidole bilimeki host eucharitid wasp Orasema sp. parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole californica host eucharitid wasp Orasema sp. b2 nr bakeri parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole capensis host eucharitid wasp Timioderus acuminatus parasite Heraty, 2000; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database primary host
Pheidole ceres associate (details unknown) encyrtid wasp Pheidoloxenus wheeleri associate (details unknown) Quevillon, 2018
Pheidole ceres host ant Pheidole elecebra workerless inquiline
Pheidole ceres host eucharitid wasp Orasema wheeleri parasite Wheeler, 1907; Gahan, 1940; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database primary host
Pheidole ceres host pteromalid wasp Pheidoloxenus wheeleri parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode unknown; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole clementensis host eucharitid wasp Orasema sp. b2 nr bakeri parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole constipata host phorid fly Microselia texana parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole dentata host cestode Raillietina tetragona parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole dentata host eucharitid wasp Orasema achkola parasite Heraty, 1994; Baker et al., 2019
Pheidole dentata host eucharitid wasp Orasema evansi parasite Burks et al., 2018; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database primary host
Pheidole dentata host eucharitid wasp Orasema robertsoni parasite Van Pelt, 1950; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database primary host
Pheidole dentata host eucharitid wasp Orasema sp. c1 near costari. parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole dentata host eucharitid wasp Orasema sp.1 parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole dentata host eucharitid wasp Orasema viridis parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole dentata host eucharitid wasp Orasema wheeleri parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole dentata host nematode Mermithidae (unspecified "Mermix") parasite Texas, United States Wheeler, 1901; Wheeler, 1928; Laciny, 2021 as ''Pheidole commutata''
Pheidole dentata host phorid fly Apocephalus feeneri parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole dentata host phorid fly Apocephalus sp. parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole dentata host phorid fly Apocephalus tenuipes parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole dentata prey syrphid fly Serichlamys predator Quevillon, 2018
Pheidole desertorum host eucharitid wasp Orasema simulatrix parasite Carey et al., 2012; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database primary host
Pheidole diversipilosa host phorid fly Apocephalus orthocladus parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole elecebra workerless inquiline ant Pheidole ceres host de la Mora et al., 2021; Wilson, 2003
Pheidole fervens mutualist aphid Aphis gossypii trophobiont Idechiil et al., 2007; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Pheidole fervida associate (details unknown) phorid fly Hypogeophora macrothrix associate (details unknown) Quevillon, 2018
Pheidole fervida host cestode Raillietina tetragona parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole flavens host eucharitid wasp Orasema costaricensis parasite Wheeler & Wheeler, 1937; Kempf, 1972; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database primary host
Pheidole gibba host eucharitid wasp Orasema chunpi parasite Brazil Silva & Casadei-Ferreira, 2020
Pheidole gouldi host nematode Mermithidae (unspecified "Mermix") parasite Guatemala Wheeler, 1928; Laciny, 2021
Pheidole hyatti host eucharitid wasp Orasema tolteca parasite Universal Chalcidoidea Database primary host
Pheidole hyatti host phorid fly Apocephalus brunneiventris parasite phorid.net attacked
Pheidole inquilina inquiline ant Pheidole pilifera host de la Mora et al., 2021; Wilson, 2003
Pheidole jelskii host strepsipteran Caenocholax fenyesi parasite Cook, 2019
Pheidole jucunda fossulata host cestode Cotugnia digonopora parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole jucunda fossulata host cestode Raillietina echinobothrida parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole jucunda fossulata host cestode Raillietina tetragona parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole kusnezovi workerless inquiline ant Pheidole susannae host
Pheidole lucida inquiline ant Pheidole madecassa host Madagascar Fischer et al., 2020
Pheidole madecassa host ant Pheidole lucida inquiline Madagascar Fischer et al., 2020
Pheidole megacephala rotundata associate (details unknown) phorid fly Plastophorides bequaerti associate (details unknown) Quevillon, 2018
Pheidole nitidula host ant Pheidole acutidens workerless inquiline Brazil Ferreira et al., 2016
Pheidole nitidula host eucharitid wasp Orasema argentina parasite Universal Chalcidoidea Database primary host
Pheidole nitidula host eucharitid wasp Orasema worcesteri parasite Gemignani, 1933; Heraty et al., 1993; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database primary host
Pheidole nitidula host eucharitid wasp Orasema worcesteri parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole nodus host cestode Raillietina tetragona parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole nodus host fungus Myrmicinosporidium durum pathogen Japan Hosoishi et al., 2020
Pheidole obtusospinosa host eucharitid wasp Orasema tolteca parasite Mann, 1914; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database primary host
Pheidole obtusospinosa host phorid fly Apocepbalus sp. 29 parasite Pefia Blanca Lake, AZ, USA Brown & Fenner, 1998 as ''Pheidole subdentata''
Pheidole obtusospinosa host phorid fly Apocephalus sp. 29 parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole oculata inquiline ant Pheidole veteratrix host Madagascar Fischer et al., 2020
Pheidole paiute host eucharitid wasp Orasema sp. parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole perpilosa host phorid fly Apocephalus brunneiventris parasite phorid.net attacked
Pheidole picea xenobiont ant Lasius minutus xenobiont United States Gaige ,1914; Kanizsai et al., 2013 Hardwood forest. In a stump.
Pheidole picea xenobiont ant Lasius nearcticus xenobiont United States Gaige ,1914; Kanizsai et al., 2013 Hardwood forest. Under rock.
Pheidole picea xenobiont ant Myrmecina americana xenobiont United States Kanizsai et al., 2013; Wheeler, 1901
Pheidole pilifera host ant Pheidole inquilina inquiline
Pheidole pilifera host eucharitid wasp Orasema occidentalis parasite Wheeler & Wheeler, 1986; Baker et al., 2019
Pheidole pilifera mutualist aphid Pemphigus populiramulorum trophobiont Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Pheidole polita associate (details unknown) encyrtid wasp Holcencyrtus wheeleri associate (details unknown) Quevillon, 2018
Pheidole proxima host eucharitid wasp Orasemorpha tridentata parasite Brues, 1934; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database primary host
Pheidole radoszkowskii host ant Oxyepoecus inquilinus inquiline Delsinne et al., 2011
Pheidole radoszkowskii host eucharitid wasp Orasema worcesteri parasite Gemignani, 1933; Heraty et al., 1993; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database primary host
Pheidole radoszkowskii host eucharitid wasp Orasema worcesteri parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole radoszkowskii host strepsipteran Caenocholax fenyesi parasite Cook, 2019
Pheidole sauberi host nematode Mermithidae (species unspecified) parasite Philippines General & Buenavente, 2021
Pheidole sciophila host eucharitid wasp Orasema wheeleri parasite Universal Chalcidoidea Database primary host
Pheidole singaporensis host Carabid beetle Cryptocephalomorpha siamensis myrmecophile Thailand Maruyama et al., 2016; Maruyama et al., 2023
Pheidole singaporensis host hydrophilid beetle Chimaerocyon shimadai myrmecophile Malaysia Fikáček et al., 2013; Maruyama et al., 2023
Pheidole singaporensis host tenebrionid beetle Platybolium watanai myrmecophile Thailand Maruyama et al., 2023 found at entrance of a ''Pheidole singaporensis'' nest at the base of a large living tree
Pheidole soritis host cestode Raillietina loeweni parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest; as Pheidole sitarches campestris
Pheidole susannae host ant Pheidole kusnezovi workerless inquiline
Pheidole susannae host nematode Mermithidae (unspecified "Mermix") parasite Guatemala Wheeler, 1928; Laciny, 2021
Pheidole tasmaniensis host eucharitid wasp Orasemorpha xeniades parasite Heraty, 1994; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database primary host
Pheidole tepicana host encyrtid wasp Holcencyrtus wheeleri parasite Universal Chalcidoidea Database associate, primary host
Pheidole tetra host eucharitid wasp Orasema minuta parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole tetra host eucharitid wasp Orasema susanae parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole titanis host chalcid wasp Notaspidium sp. parasite Universal Chalcidoidea Database associate
Pheidole titanis host phorid fly Apocephalus sp. parasitoid Quevillon, 2018 encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Pheidole tysoni host fungus Myrmicinosporidium durum pathogen United States Pereira, 2004; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012
Pheidole vallifica host eucharitid wasp Orasema costaricensis parasite Wheeler & Wheeler, 1937; Kempf, 1972; Baker et al., 2019
Pheidole veteratrix host ant Pheidole oculata inquiline Madagascar Fischer et al., 2020
Pheidole veteratrix host eucharitid wasp Ibitya communis parasite Burks et al., 2017; Baker et al., 2019
Pheidole vorax host nematode Mermithidae (unspecified "Mermix") parasite Guatemala Wheeler, 1928; Laciny, 2021
Pheidole williamsi host fungus Myrmicinosporidium durum pathogen Galapagos Islands Espadaler, 1997

Flight Period

All Flight Records for Genus

Explore-icon.png Explore: Show all Flight Month data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
Click here to show/hide associate data.
Taxon Month Source Notes
Pheidole bicarinata Jun • Jul • Aug antkeeping.info
Pheidole californica Apr • May antkeeping.info
Pheidole ceres Jul Wilson, 2003
Pheidole christopherseni Jan • Feb • Mar • Nov • Dec Kaspari et al., 2001
Pheidole dentata Apr • May • Jun antkeeping.info
Pheidole dentigula May antkeeping.info
Pheidole desertorum Jun • Jul • Aug antkeeping.info
Pheidole diversipilosa Jun antkeeping.info
Pheidole flavens May antkeeping.info
Pheidole floridana Apr • May antkeeping.info
Pheidole gilvescens Aug antkeeping.info
Pheidole hyatti May • Jun • Jul antkeeping.info
Pheidole moerens May • Jun • Jul antkeeping.info
Pheidole morrisii May • Jun antkeeping.info
Pheidole navigans Jul • Aug antkeeping.info
Pheidole obscurithorax May • Jun • Jul antkeeping.info
Pheidole obtusospinosa Jul • Aug • Sep Creighton, 1958; Wilson, 2003
Pheidole pilifera Jun • Jul • Aug antkeeping.info
Pheidole tysoni Aug antkeeping.info
Pheidole vistana Jun • Jul antkeeping.info
Pheidole xerophila Jul • Aug antkeeping.info

Life History Traits

  • Worker-produced males: absent (Goetsch (1953) cited in Fletcher and Ross (1985); Frumhoff & Ward, 1992) (worker ovaries reported to be vestigial or absent)
  • Mean colony size: 22-10000 (Greer et al., 2021)
  • Compound colony type: inquilinism (Greer et al., 2021)
  • Nest site: hypogaeic; arboreal (Greer et al., 2021)
  • Diet class: omnivore (Greer et al., 2021)
  • Foraging stratum: subterranean/leaf litter; arboreal (Greer et al., 2021)
  • Foraging behaviour: cooperative (Greer et al., 2021)

Castes

From Wilson 2003.

Morphology

Worker Morphology

Explore-icon.png Explore: Show all Worker Morphology data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.

• Antennal segment count: 9; 10; 11; 12 • Antennal club: gradual, 3, 4 • Palp formula: 3,2; 2,2; 1,1; 1,0 (1,1 or 1,0 in inquiline species only) • Total dental count: 8-18 (minor worker); 3-7 (major worker and queen); 0-1 (inquilines) • Spur formula: 0,0 • Eyes: 11-100 ommatidia • Scrobes: absent • Pronotal Spines: absent • Mesonotal Spines: absent • Propodeal Spines: dentiform; present • Petiolar Spines: absent • Caste: dimorphic, rarely trimorphic or polymorphic • Sting: absent • Metaplural Gland: absent; present • Cocoon: absent

Male Morphology

Explore-icon.png Explore: Show all Male Morphology data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.

 • Antennal segment count 8; 11; 12; 13 • Antennal club absent • Palp formula 3,2; 2,2; 1,1; 1,0 • Total dental count 0-7 (0-1 in inquilines, 2-7 or rarely 1 otherwise) • Spur formula 0,0 • Notes: palp formula 1,1 or 1,0 in inquiline species only

Karyotype

Species Uncertain

  • Pheidole sp.(ANIC-20): 2n = 20 (Australia) (Imai et al., 1977).
  • Pheidole sp.(ANIC-21): 2n = 20 (Australia) (Imai et al., 1977).
  • Pheidole sp.(ANIC-22): 2n = 20 (Australia) (Imai et al., 1977).
  • Pheidole sp.(ANIC-23): 2n = 20 (Australia) (Imai et al., 1977).
  • Pheidole sp.(ANIC-24): 2n = 18 (Australia) (Imai et al., 1977).
  • Pheidole sp.(ANIC-25): 2n = 20 (Australia) (Imai et al., 1977).
  • Pheidole sp.(ANIC-26): 2n = 20 (Australia) (Imai et al., 1977).
  • Pheidole sp.(ANIC-27): 2n = 20 (Australia) (Imai et al., 1977).
  • Pheidole sp.(ANIC-28): 2n = 20 (Australia) (Imai et al., 1977).
  • Pheidole sp.(ANIC-29): 2n = 20 (Australia) (Imai et al., 1977).
  • Pheidole sp.(ANIC-30): 2n = 20 (Australia) (Imai et al., 1977).
  • Pheidole sp.(ANIC-31): 2n = 20 (Australia) (Imai et al., 1977).
  • Pheidole sp.(ANIC-32): 2n = 20 (Australia) (Imai et al., 1977).
  • Pheidole sp.1: 2n = 42, karyotype = 20M+22A (India) (Imai et al., 1984) (near P. grayi).
  • Pheidole sp.1: n = 10, 2n = 20 (Malaysia) (Goni et al., 1982; Imai et al., 1983).
  • Pheidole sp.1: n = 10, 2n = 20 (Sarawak) (Tjan et al., 1986).
  • Pheidole sp.2: n = 10, 2n = 20 (Malaysia) (Goni et al., 1982).
  • Pheidole sp.2: 2n = 18 (Sarawak) (Tjan et al., 1986).
  • Pheidole sp.3: 2n = 20, karyotype = 20M (India) (Imai et al., 1984).
  • Pheidole sp.3: 2n = 20 (Malaysia) (Goni et al., 1982).
  • Pheidole sp.3: n = 9, 2n = 18 (Sarawak) (Tjan et al., 1986).
  • Pheidole sp.4: 2n = 20, karyotype = 20M (India) (Imai et al., 1984).
  • Pheidole sp.4: 2n = 20 (Malaysia) (Goni et al., 1982).
  • Pheidole sp.4: 2n = 18 (Sarawak) (Tjan et al., 1986).
  • Pheidole sp.5: 2n = 30, karyotype = 18M+12A (India) (Imai et al., 1984).
  • Pheidole sp.5: 2n = 18 (Indonesia) (Imai et al., 1985).
  • Pheidole sp.5: n = 16 (Malaysia) (Goni et al., 1982).
  • Pheidole sp.5: n = 17 (Malaysia) (Goni et al., 1982).
  • Pheidole sp.6: 2n = 18 (Indonesia) (Imai et al., 1985).
  • Pheidole sp.6: 2n = 20 (Malaysia) (Goni et al., 1982).
  • Pheidole sp.7: 2n = 18 (Indonesia) (Imai et al., 1985).
  • Pheidole sp.7: 2n = 16 (Malaysia) (Goni et al., 1982; Imai et al., 1983).
  • Pheidole sp.8: 2n = 20, karyotype = 20M (India) (Imai et al., 1984).
  • Pheidole sp.8: 2n = 32 (Indonesia) (Imai et al., 1985).
  • Pheidole sp.8: 2n = 38 (Malaysia) (Goni et al., 1982).
  • Pheidole sp.9: 2n = 20, karyotype = 20M (India) (Imai et al., 1984) (near P. fossulata).
  • Pheidole sp.9: 2n = 18 (Malaysia) (Goni et al., 1982).
  • Pheidole sp.10: 2n = 20 (Malaysia) (Goni et al., 1982).
  • Pheidole sp.11: 2n = 20, karyotype = 20M (India) (Imai et al., 1984).
  • Pheidole sp.11: 2n = 22 (Malaysia) (Imai et al., 1983).
  • Pheidole sp.12: n = 10, 2n = 20 (Malaysia) (Imai et al., 1983).
  • Pheidole sp.13: 2n = 28, karyotype = 16M+12A (India) (Imai et al., 1984) (near P. watsoni).
  • Pheidole sp.13: 2n = 38 (Malaysia) (Imai et al., 1983).
  • Pheidole sp.14: 2n = 18, karyotype = 18M (India) (Imai et al., 1984).
  • Pheidole sp.14: 2n = 20 (Malaysia) (Imai et al., 1983).
  • Pheidole sp.15: 2n = 20 (Malaysia) (Imai et al., 1983).
  • Pheidole sp.16: n = 9, 2n = 18 (Malaysia) (Imai et al., 1983).
  • Pheidole sp.17: 2n = 20 (Malaysia) (Imai et al., 1983).
  • Pheidole sp.17: 2n = 21 (Malaysia) (Imai et al., 1983).
  • Pheidole sp.18: 2n = 20 (Malaysia) (Imai et al., 1983).
  • Pheidole sp.19: 2n = 20 (Malaysia) (Imai et al., 1983).
  • Pheidole sp.20: n = 18, 2n = 36 (Malaysia) (Imai et al., 1983).
  • Pheidole: n = 9 (Australia) (Crozier, 1966) ('Pheidole concentrica group)."
  • Pheidole: n = 10 (Japan) (Imai, 1969)."
  • 2n = 20, karyotype = 18M + 2SM (Brazil) (Teixeira et al., 2020) (Pheidole flavens species group).

All Karyotype Records for Genus

Explore-icon.png Explore: Show all Karyotype data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
Click here to show/hide karyotype data.
Taxon Haploid Diploid Karyotype Locality Source Notes
Pheidole 16 Malaysia Goni et al., 1982; Imai et al., 1983
Pheidole 18 Australia Imai et al., 1977
Pheidole 18 Indonesia Imai et al., 1985
Pheidole 18 Malaysia Goni et al., 1982
Pheidole 18 Sarawak Tjan et al., 1986
Pheidole 18 18M India Imai et al., 1984
Pheidole 20 Australia Imai et al., 1977
Pheidole 20 Malaysia Goni et al., 1982
Pheidole 20 Malaysia Imai et al., 1983
Pheidole 20 18M + 2SM Brazil Teixeira et al., 2020 ''Pheidole flavens'' species group
Pheidole 20 20M India Imai et al., 1984
Pheidole 20 20M India Imai et al., 1984 near ''P. fossulata''
Pheidole 21 Malaysia Imai et al., 1983
Pheidole 22 Malaysia Imai et al., 1983
Pheidole 28 16M+12A India Imai et al., 1984 near ''P. watsoni''
Pheidole 30 18M+12A India Imai et al., 1984
Pheidole 32 Indonesia Imai et al., 1985
Pheidole 38 Malaysia Goni et al., 1982
Pheidole 38 Malaysia Imai et al., 1983
Pheidole 42 20M+22A India Imai et al., 1984 near ''P. grayi''
Pheidole 10 Japan Imai, 1969
Pheidole 10 20 Malaysia Goni et al., 1982; Imai et al., 1983
Pheidole 10 20 Malaysia Goni et al., 1982
Pheidole 10 20 Malaysia Imai et al., 1983
Pheidole 10 20 Sarawak Tjan et al., 1986
Pheidole 16 Malaysia Goni et al., 1982
Pheidole 17 Malaysia Goni et al., 1982
Pheidole 18 36 Malaysia Imai et al., 1983
Pheidole 9 Australia Crozier, 1966 'Pheidole concentrica'' group
Pheidole 9 18 Malaysia Imai et al., 1983
Pheidole 9 18 Sarawak Tjan et al., 1986
Pheidole binghamii 20 Indonesia Imai et al., 1985
Pheidole capellinii 20 Indonesia Imai et al., 1985
Pheidole dentata 20 USA Crozier, 1970b
Pheidole dentigula 10 20 USA Crozier, 1970b
Pheidole desertorum 20 20M USA Taber & Cokendolpher, 1988
Pheidole fallax 10 20 20M Uruguay Goni et al., 1983
Pheidole fervens 17 Crozier, 1975 as ''Pheidole nodus''
Pheidole fervens 18 Crozier, 1975 as ''Pheidole nodus''
Pheidole fervens 19 Crozier, 1975 as ''Pheidole nodus''
Pheidole fervens 19 38 Japan Imai, 1969 as ''Pheidole nodus''
Pheidole fervens 20 Crozier, 1975 as ''Pheidole nodus''
Pheidole fervida 10 20 Japan Imai & Yosida, 1964; Imai, 1966; Imai, 1969
Pheidole germaini 22 18M+2SM+2ST Brazil Teixeira et al., 2020
Pheidole hortensis 20 Indonesia Imai et al., 1985
Pheidole hyatti 20 20M USA Taber & Cokendolpher, 1988
Pheidole latinoda 42 20M+22A India Imai et al., 1984
Pheidole mus 12 12M India Imai et al., 1984
Pheidole nodus 37 Japan Imai & Kubota, 1975
Pheidole nodus 39 Japan Imai & Kubota, 1975
Pheidole nodus 17 Japan Imai & Kubota, 1975
Pheidole nodus 18 Japan Imai & Kubota, 1975
Pheidole nodus 19 38 Japan Imai & Kubota, 1975
Pheidole nodus 20 Japan Imai & Kubota, 1975
Pheidole plagiaria 20 Indonesia Imai et al., 1985
Pheidole porcula 20 20M USA Taber & Cokendolpher, 1988
Pheidole soritis 18 18M USA Taber & Cokendolpher, 1988 as ''Pheidole sitarches campestris''
Pheidole spininodis 20 20M Uruguay Goni et al., 1983
Pheidole strobeli 20 20M Uruguay Goni et al., 1983
Pheidole subarmata 20 20M Uruguay Goni et al., 1983 as ''Pheidole cornutula''
Pheidole woodmasoni 18 18M India Imai et al., 1984

Phylogeny

Myrmicinae
Myrmicini
⊟
Pogonomyrmecini
⊟
Stenammini
⊟
Solenopsidini
⊟
Attini
⊟

Ochetomyrmex  (2 species, 0 fossil species)

Tranopelta  (2 species, 0 fossil species)

Diaphoromyrma  (1 species, 0 fossil species)

Lachnomyrmex  (16 species, 0 fossil species)

Blepharidatta  (4 species, 0 fossil species)

Allomerus  (8 species, 0 fossil species)

Wasmannia  (11 species, 0 fossil species)

Pheidole  (1,294 species, 7 fossil species)

Cephalotes  (123 species, 16 fossil species)

Procryptocerus  (44 species, 0 fossil species)

Strumigenys  (880 species, 4 fossil species)

Phalacromyrmex  (1 species, 0 fossil species)

Pilotrochus  (1 species, 0 fossil species)

Protalaridris  (7 species, 0 fossil species)

Rhopalothrix  (19 species, 0 fossil species)

Basiceros  (9 species, 0 fossil species)

Octostruma  (35 species, 0 fossil species)

Eurhopalothrix  (55 species, 0 fossil species)

Talaridris  (1 species, 0 fossil species)

Acanthognathus  (7 species, 1 fossil species)

Daceton  (2 species, 0 fossil species)

Lenomyrmex  (7 species, 0 fossil species)

Microdaceton  (4 species, 0 fossil species)

Orectognathus  (29 species, 0 fossil species)

Colobostruma  (16 species, 0 fossil species)

Epopostruma  (20 species, 0 fossil species)

Mesostruma  (9 species, 0 fossil species)

Paleoattina

Apterostigma  (44 species, 2 fossil species)

Mycocepurus  (6 species, 0 fossil species)

Myrmicocrypta  (31 species, 0 fossil species)

Neoattina

Cyatta  (1 species, 0 fossil species)

Kalathomyrmex  (1 species, 0 fossil species)

Mycetarotes  (4 species, 0 fossil species)

Mycetosoritis  (2 species, 0 fossil species)

some Cyphomyrmex  (23 species, 2 fossil species)

some Cyphomyrmex

Paramycetophylax  (1 species, 0 fossil species)

Mycetophylax  (21 species, 0 fossil species)

Mycetagroicus  (4 species, 0 fossil species)

Mycetomoellerius  (31 species, 1 fossil species)

Sericomyrmex  (11 species, 0 fossil species)

Xerolitor  (1 species, 0 fossil species)

Paratrachymyrmex  (9 species, 0 fossil species)

Trachymyrmex  (9 species, 0 fossil species)

Amoimyrmex  (3 species, 0 fossil species)

Atta  (20 species, 1 fossil species)

some Acromyrmex  (56 species, 0 fossil species)

some Acromyrmex

Pseudoatta  (2 species, 0 fossil species)

Crematogastrini
⊟

Rostromyrmex  (1 species, 6 fossil species)

Cardiocondyla  (90 species, 0 fossil species)

Ocymyrmex  (34 species, 0 fossil species)

Nesomyrmex  (84 species, 2 fossil species)

Xenomyrmex  (5 species, 0 fossil species)

Terataner  (14 species, 0 fossil species)

Atopomyrmex  (3 species, 0 fossil species)

Cataulacus  (65 species, 3 fossil species)

Carebara  (251 species, 9 fossil species)

Diplomorium  (1 species, 0 fossil species)

Melissotarsus  (4 species, 1 fossil species)

Rhopalomastix  (14 species, 0 fossil species)

Calyptomyrmex  (38 species, 0 fossil species)

Strongylognathus  (27 species, 0 fossil species), Tetramorium  (602 species, 2 fossil species)

Cyphoidris  (4 species, 0 fossil species)

Dicroaspis  (2 species, 0 fossil species)

Aretidris  (2 species, 0 fossil species)

Vollenhovia  (83 species, 3 fossil species)

Dacetinops  (7 species, 0 fossil species)

Indomyrma  (2 species, 0 fossil species)

Crematogaster  (784 species, 0 fossil species)

Meranoplus  (93 species, 0 fossil species)

Lophomyrmex  (13 species, 0 fossil species)

Adlerzia  (1 species, 0 fossil species)

Recurvidris  (12 species, 0 fossil species)

Stereomyrmex  (3 species, 0 fossil species)

Trichomyrmex  (29 species, 0 fossil species)

Eutetramorium  (3 species, 0 fossil species)

Royidris  (15 species, 0 fossil species)

Malagidris  (6 species, 0 fossil species)

Vitsika  (16 species, 0 fossil species)

Huberia  (2 species, 0 fossil species)

Podomyrma  (62 species, 1 fossil species)

Liomyrmex  (1 species, 0 fossil species)

Metapone  (31 species, 0 fossil species)

Kartidris  (6 species, 0 fossil species)

Mayriella  (9 species, 0 fossil species)

Tetheamyrma  (2 species, 0 fossil species)

Dacatria  (1 species, 0 fossil species)

Proatta  (1 species, 0 fossil species)

Dilobocondyla  (22 species, 0 fossil species)

Secostruma  (1 species, 0 fossil species)

Acanthomyrmex  (19 species, 0 fossil species)

Myrmecina  (106 species, 0 fossil species)

Perissomyrmex  (6 species, 0 fossil species)

Pristomyrmex  (61 species, 3 fossil species)

some Lordomyrma  (36 species, 0 fossil species)

Propodilobus  (1 species, 0 fossil species)

Lasiomyrma  (4 species, 0 fossil species)

some Lordomyrma

Ancyridris  (2 species, 0 fossil species)

some Lordomyrma

Paratopula  (12 species, 0 fossil species)

Poecilomyrma  (2 species, 0 fossil species)

Romblonella  (10 species, 0 fossil species)

Rotastruma  (3 species, 0 fossil species)

Gauromyrmex  (3 species, 0 fossil species)

Vombisidris  (19 species, 0 fossil species)

Temnothorax  (509 species, 7 fossil species)

Harpagoxenus  (4 species, 0 fossil species)

Formicoxenus  (8 species, 0 fossil species)

Leptothorax  (20 species, 0 fossil species)

See Phylogeny of Myrmicinae for details.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

  • PHEIDOLE [Myrmicinae: Pheidolini]
    • Pheidole Westwood, 1839: 219. Type-species: Atta providens, by monotypy.
    • Pheidole senior synonym of Oecophthora: Smith, F. 1858a: 282; Smith, F. 1858b: 172.
    • Pheidole senior synonym of Leptomyrma: Emery, 1892b: 166.
    • Pheidole senior synonym of Allopheidole, Cardiopheidole: Emery, 1921f: 84.
    • Pheidole senior synonym of Phidole: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 806.
    • Pheidole senior synonym of Macropheidole: Smith, M.R. 1951a: 800.
    • Pheidole senior synonym of Epipheidole: Cole, 1965: 174.
    • Pheidole senior synonym of Anergatides, Bruchomyrma, Ceratopheidole, Conothoracoides, Conothorax (homonym), Decapheidole, Elasmopheidole, Electropheidole, Eriopheidole, Gallardomyrma, Hendecapheidole (and its junior synonym Cephalomorium), Ischnomyrmex (and its junior synonym Isopheidole), Parapheidole, Pheidolacanthinus, Phidola, Scrobopheidole, Stegopheidole, Sympheidole, Trachypheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365-1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
    • Pheidole senior synonym of Anergatides, Bruchomyrma: Wilson, 1984: 327.
    • Pheidole senior synonym of Xenoaphaenogaster: Bolton, 1987: 291.
  • ALLOPHEIDOLE [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Allopheidole Forel, 1912f: 237 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole kingi (junior synonym of Pheidole tepicana), by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 79.
    • Allopheidole junior synonym of Pheidole: Emery, 1921f: 84.
  • ANERGATIDES [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Anergatides Wasmann, 1915b: 281. Type-species: Anergatides kohli (junior secondary homonym in Pheidole, replaced by Pheidole neokohli), by monotypy.
    • Anergatides junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Wilson, 1984: 328.
  • ANISOPHEIDOLE [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Anisopheidole Forel, 1914c: 616 (footnote) [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole froggatti (junior synonym of Atta antipodum), by monotypy.
    • [Anisopheidole also described as new by Forel, 1915b: 61.]
    • Anisopheidole raised to genus: Ettershank, 1966: 129.
    • Anisopheidole junior synonym of Pheidole: Ward et al., 2014: 15.
  • BRUCHOMYRMA [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Bruchomyrma Santschi, 1922d: 248. Type-species: Bruchomyrma acutidens, by monotypy.
    • Bruchomyrma junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Wilson, 1984: 327.
    • [Bruchomyrma listed as genus: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism)].
    • Bruchomyrma junior synonym of Pheidole: Bolton, 1994: 106; Wilson, 2003: 6.
  • CARDIOPHEIDOLE [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Cardiopheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1914b: 48 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole vaslitii, by original designation.
    • Cardiopheidole junior synonym of Pheidole: Emery, 1921f: 84.
  • CEPHALOMORIUM [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Cephalomorium Forel, 1922: 91 [as subgenus of Tetramorium]. Type-species: Tetramorium (Cephalomorium) bahai, by monotypy.
    • Cephalomorium junior synonym of Hendecapheidole: Santschi, 1925d: 228.
    • Cephalomorium junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Wilson, 2003: 6].
  • CERATOPHEIDOLE [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Ceratopheidole Pergande, 1896: 889 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole (Ceratopheidole) granulata, by monotypy.
    • Ceratopheidole junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365; Wilson, 2003: 6.
  • CONOTHORACOIDES [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Conothoracoides Strand, 1935: 176. Replacement name for Conothorax Karavaiev, 1935a: 75. [Junior homonym of Conothorax Jekel, 1854: 9 bis (foldout pages) (Coleoptera).]
    • Conothoracoides junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
  • DECAPHEIDOLE [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Decapheidole Forel, 1912f: 237 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole perpusilla, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 80.
    • Decapheidole raised to genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Borgmeier, 1927c: 78.
    • Decapheidole subgenus of Pheidole: Emery, 1922e: 112; Kempf, 1972a: 183.
    • Decapheidole junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Wilson, 2003: 6.
  • ELASMOPHEIDOLE [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Elasmopheidole Forel, 1913k: 43 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole aberrans, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1915i: 190.
    • Elasmopheidole junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
  • ELECTROPHEIDOLE [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Electropheidole Mann, 1921: 438 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole (Electropheidole) roosevelti, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1943f: 642.
    • Electropheidole junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
  • EPIPHEIDOLE [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Epipheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1903f: 664. Type-species: Epipheidole inquilina, by monotypy.
    • [Epipheidole also described as new by Wheeler, W.M. 1904a: 14.]
    • Epipheidole junior synonym of Pheidole: Cole, 1965: 174.
  • ERIOPHEIDOLE [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Eriopheidole Kusnezov, 1952a: 10. Type-species: Eriopheidole symbiotica (junior secondary homonym in Pheidole, replaced by Pheidole kusnezovi), by monotypy.
    • Eriopheidole junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Bolton, 1994: 106.
  • GALLARDOMYRMA [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Gallardomyrma Bruch, 1932: 271. Type-species: Gallardomyrma argentina, by original designation.
    • Gallardomyrma junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Wilson, 1984: 327.
    • [Gallardomyrma listed as genus: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism)].
    • Gallardomyrma junior synonym of Pheidole: Bolton, 1994: 106; Wilson, 2003: 6.
  • HENDECAPHEIDOLE [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Hendecapheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1922d: 3 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole tachigaliae, by original designation.
    • Hendecapheidole senior synonym of Cephalomorium: Santschi, 1925d: 228.
    • Hendecapheidole junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Wilson, 2003: 6.
  • ISCHNOMYRMEX [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Ischnomyrmex Mayr, 1862: 738. Type-species: Myrmica longipes, by monotypy.
    • Ischnomyrmex junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Emery & Forel, 1879: 461; Bingham, 1903: 270.
    • Ischnomyrmex subgenus of Aphaenogaster: Forel, 1891b: 166; André, 1893b: 150; Dalla Torre, 1893: 98; Forel, 1899c: 59; Emery, 1908c: 313; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
    • Ischnomyrmex subgenus of Stenamma: Emery, 1895c: 298; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1903a: 693.
    • Ischnomyrmex subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1913k: 49.
    • Ischnomyrmex as genus: Stitz, 1911a: 367; Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Emery, 1922e: 113.
    • Ischnomyrmex senior synonym of Isopheidole: Forel, 1913k: 49; Emery, 1922e: 113 [both have the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute].
    • Ischnomyrmex junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365.
  • ISOPHEIDOLE [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Isopheidole Forel, 1912m: 765 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Myrmica longipes, by monotypy.
    • Isopheidole junior synonym of Ischnomyrmex: Forel, 1913k: 49 [both have the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute].
    • Isopheidole junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365.
  • LEPTOMYRMA [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Leptomyrma Motschoulsky, 1863: 17. Type-species: Leptomyrma gracilipes, by monotypy.
    • Leptomyrma junior synonym of Pheidole: Emery, 1892b: 166.
  • MACHOMYRMA [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Machomyrma Forel, 1895f: 425 [as subgenus of Liomyrmex]. Type-species: Liomyrmex (Machomyrma) dispar, by monotypy.
    • Machomyrma raised to genus: Emery, 1896e: 184.
    • Machomyrma junior synonym of Pheidole: Ward et al., 2014: 15.
  • MACROPHEIDOLE [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Macropheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole fimbriata, by monotypy.
    • Macropheidole junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, M.R. 1951a: 800; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
  • OECOPHTHORA [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Oecophthora Heer, 1852: 15. Type-species: Oecophthora pusilla (junior synonym of Formica megacephala), by monotypy.
    • Oecophthora junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, F. 1858a: 282; Smith, F. 1858b: 172.
  • PARAPHEIDOLE [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Parapheidole Emery, 1915d: 68. Type-species: Aphaenogaster oculata, by monotypy.
    • Parapheidole junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
  • PHEIDOLACANTHINUS [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Pheidolacanthinus Smith, F. 1865: 75. Type-species: Pheidolacanthinus armatus (junior synonym of Myrmica quadrispinosa), by monotypy.
    • Pheidolacanthinus subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1900a: 25.
    • Pheidolacanthinus junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365.
  • PHIDOLA [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Phidola Schulz, W.A. 1906: 155, unjustified emendation of Pheidole.
    • Phidola junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365.
  • PHIDOLE [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Phidole Bingham, 1903: 220, unjustified emendation of Pheidole.
    • Phidole junior synonym of Pheidole: Wheeler, 1922a: 806.
  • SCROBOPHEIDOLE [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Scrobopheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole scrobifera, by monotypy.
    • Scrobopheidole junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Wilson, 2003: 6.
  • STEGOPHEIDOLE [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Stegopheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole (Elasmopheidole) upeneci, by monotypy.
    • Stegopheidole junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
  • SYMPHEIDOLE [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Sympheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1904a: 7. Type-species: Sympheidole elecebra, by monotypy.
    • Sympheidole junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365; Wilson, 2003: 6.
  • TRACHYPHEIDOLE [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Trachypheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole bicornis, by original designation.
    • Trachypheidole junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Wilson, 2003: 6.
  • XENOAPHAENOGASTER [junior synonym of Pheidole]
    • Xenoaphaenogaster Baroni Urbani, 1964b: 50. Type-species: Xenoaphaenogaster inquilina (junior synonym of Myrmica pallidula), by original designation.
    • Xenoaphaenogaster junior synonym of Pheidole: Bolton, 1987: 291.

Etymology

Greek pheidolos = thrifty

References

son2003}}

Retrieved from "https://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Pheidole&oldid=713873"