Parasites and Parasitoids

A parasite is an organism that lives in or on another species (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the other's expense, resulting in the death of the host. A parasitoid is an insect whose larvae live as parasites that eventually kill their hosts (typically other insects).

This differs from social parasitism, where the "parasite" does not feed directly on their host, but rather benefits from exploiting the host's colony.

Diptera

Chloropidae

Gonzalez et al. (2016) found that Pseudogaurax paratolmos, a fly in the family Chloropidae, parasitizes larvae of Apterostigma dentigerum. Larval flies are solitary ectoparasitoids, each of which attaches to a single ant larva and develops from larva to pupa in 2 wk, consuming nearly the entire host, and then ecloses as an adult 1 wk later. Overall parasitism prevalence was 6.8% of 203 nests, and flies were active during both the dry and rainy seasons. Intensity of parasitism ranged from 18.2 to 100% of larvae attacked per parasitized nest. No other species of Apterostigma that nested in the same localities were parasitized by the flies, including Apterostigma pilosum (n = 93 nests) and Apterostigma auriculatum (n = 10 nests). All immature ants, parasitized or not, as well as immature stages of Pseudogaurax paratolmos, were attended by adult ants that exhibited normal brood care behavior, including covering immatures with mycelia, grooming, and maintaining brood in the fungus garden.

Phoridae

See Phorid Flies for further details.

List of Ants Known to Host Phorid Flies

Ant	Wasp Species	Locality	Source	Notes
Acromyrmex	Apocephalus cantleyi		phorid.net	attacked
Acromyrmex	Apocephalus luteihalteratus		phorid.net	attacked
Acromyrmex	Apocephalus neivai		phorid.net	attacked
Acromyrmex	Apocephalus onorei		phorid.net	attacked
Acromyrmex coronatus	Apocephalus luteihalteratus		phorid.net	attacked
Acromyrmex coronatus	Apocephalus pseudocercus		phorid.net	attacked
Acromyrmex lundii	Apocephalus luteihalteratus		phorid.net	attacked
Acromyrmex lundii	Apocephalus rionegrensis		phorid.net	attacked
Acromyrmex niger	Apocephalus lamellatus		phorid.net	attacked
Acromyrmex niger	Apocephalus luteihalteratus		phorid.net	attacked
Acromyrmex subterraneus	Apocephalus dubitatus		phorid.net	attacked
Acromyrmex subterraneus	Apocephalus rionegrensis		phorid.net	attacked
Aphaenogaster texana	Apocephalus portalensis		phorid.net	attacked
Atta	Apocephalus vicosae		phorid.net	attacked
Atta cephalotes	Apocephalus asymmetricus		phorid.net	attacked
Atta cephalotes	Apocephalus ritualis		phorid.net	attacked
Atta cephalotes	Apocephalus spinosus		phorid.net	attacked
Atta colombica	Apocephalus colombicus		phorid.net	attacked
Atta laevigata	Apocephalus attophilus		phorid.net	attacked
Atta laevigata	Eibesfeldtphora		Souza & Pereira, 2020
Atta laevigata	Myrmosicarius		Souza & Pereira, 2020
Atta sexdens	Apocephalus attophilus		Farder-Gomes et al., 2020
Atta sexdens	Eibesfeldtphora tonhascai		Farder-Gomes et al., 2020; Souza & Pereira, 2020	Souza & Pereira, 2020 - genus-level identification only
Atta sexdens	Myrmosicarius		Souza & Pereira, 2020	very rare
Atta sexdens	Neodohrniphora sp.		Braganca et al., 1998
Atta texana	Apocephalus wallerae		phorid.net	attacked
Azteca	Apocephalus aztecae		phorid.net	attacked
Camponotus	Apocephalus crucicauda		phorid.net	attacked
Camponotus	Apocephalus similis		phorid.net	attacked
Camponotus banghaasi	Apocephalus brochus		phorid.net	attacked
Camponotus banghaasi	Diocophora sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Camponotus banghaasi	Rhyncophoromyia sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Camponotus banghaasi	Rhyncophoromyia trivittata		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Camponotus blandus	Apocephalus mucronatus		phorid.net	attacked
Camponotus cingulatus	Apocephalus bispinosus		phorid.net	attacked
Camponotus cingulatus	Diocopbora disparifons	Brazil	Borgmeier, 1959; Brown & Fenner, 1998
Camponotus crassus	Apocephalus crucicauda		phorid.net	attacked
Camponotus crassus	Apocephalus setiventris		phorid.net	attacked
Camponotus crassus	Diocopbora disparifons	Brazil	Borgmeier, 1959; Brown & Fenner, 1998
Camponotus femoratus	Apocephalus laceyi		phorid.net	attacked
Camponotus femoratus	Diocophora sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Camponotus femoratus	Rhyncophoromyia sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Camponotus foersteri	Apocephalus coquilletti		phorid.net	attacked
Camponotus holosericeus	Megaselia holosericei		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Camponotus holosericeus	Megaselia sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Camponotus maculatus	Apocephalus coquilletti		phorid.net	attacked
Camponotus pennsylvanicus	Apocephalus concisus		phorid.net	attacked
Camponotus pennsylvanicus	Apocephalus coquilletti		phorid.net	attacked
Camponotus pennsylvanicus	Apocephalus pergandei		phorid.net	attacked
Camponotus rapax	Apocephalus brochus		phorid.net	attacked
Camponotus rapax	Apodicrania molinai		Brown et al., 2015	attracted to injured
Camponotus rapax	Diocophora sp		Brown et al., 2015	attracted to injured
Camponotus rapax	Diocophora sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Camponotus rapax	Rhyncophoromyia maculineura		Brown et al., 2015	attracted to injured
Camponotus rapax	Rhyncophoromyia sp		Brown et al., 2015	attracted to injured
Camponotus rapax	Rhyncophoromyia sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Camponotus rapax	Rhyncophoromyia trivittata		Brown et al., 2015	attracted to injured
Camponotus rufipes	Apocephalus angustinervis		phorid.net	attacked
Camponotus rufipes	Apocephalus camponoti		phorid.net	attacked
Camponotus rufipes	Apocephalus lanceatus		phorid.net	attacked
Camponotus rufipes	Apocephalus setiventris		phorid.net	attacked
Camponotus rufipes	Diocopbora disparifons	Brazil	Borgmeier, 1959; Brown & Fenner, 1998
Camponotus sansabeanus	Apocephalus coquilletti		phorid.net	attacked
Camponotus sansabeanus	Apocephalus similis		phorid.net	attacked
Camponotus sericeiventris	Apocephalus emargilatus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Camponotus sericeiventris	Apocephalus emargilatus		phorid.net	attacked
Camponotus sericeiventris	Apocephalus magnicauda		phorid.net	attacked
Camponotus sericeiventris	Apodicrania molinai		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Camponotus sericeiventris	Diocophora sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Camponotus sericeiventris	Megaselia sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Camponotus sericeiventris	Rhyncophoromyia maculineura		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Camponotus sericeiventris	Rhyncophoromyia nubilifurca		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Camponotus sericeiventris	Rhyncophoromyia sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Camponotus sericeiventris	Rhyncophoromyia trivittata		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Camponotus vicinus	Apocephalus horridus		phorid.net	attacked
Camponotus vicinus	Apocephalus similis		phorid.net	attacked
Cephalotes atratus	Apocephalus catholicus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Cephalotes atratus	Apocephalus roeschardae		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Cephalotes atratus	Apocephalus roeschardae		phorid.net	attacked
Cephalotes atratus	Diocophora sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Cephalotes atratus	Megaselia sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Daceton armigerum	Apocephalus sp.		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Dinoponera	Apocephalus gigantivorus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Dinoponera	Apocephalus miricauda		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Dinoponera australis	Apocephalus sp.		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Dinoponera gigantea	Apocephalus gigantivorus		phorid.net	attacked
Dinoponera gigantea	Apocephalus miricauda		phorid.net	attacked
Dinoponera longipes	Apocephalus dinoponerae		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Dinoponera longipes	Apocephalus dinoponerae		phorid.net	attacked
Dinoponera longipes	Apocephalus kungae		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Dinoponera longipes	Apocephalus kungae		phorid.net	attacked
Dinoponera longipes	Apodicrania sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Dinoponera longipes	Metopina-gp sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Dinoponera longipes	Rhyncophoromyia sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Dolichoderus	Rhyncophoromyia sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Dolichoderus attelaboides	Apocephalus catholicus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Dolichoderus attelaboides	Apocephalus melinus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Dolichoderus attelaboides	Apocephalus melinus		phorid.net	attacked
Dolichoderus attelaboides	Apocephalus paraponerae		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Dolichoderus attelaboides	Diocophora sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Dolichoderus attelaboides	Megaselia sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Dolichoderus attelaboides	Puliciphora sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Dolichoderus bidens	Rhyncophoromyia sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Dolichoderus bispinosus	Diocophora sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Dolichoderus bispinosus	Megaselia sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Dolichoderus bispinosus	Rhyncophoromyia sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Dolichoderus decollatus	Apocephalus melinus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Dolichoderus decollatus	Apocephalus melinus		phorid.net	attacked
Dolichoderus decollatus	Apocephalus sp.		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Dolichoderus decollatus	Diocophora sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Dolichoderus decollatus	Rhyncophoromyia sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Dolichoderus lugens	Megaselia sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Dolichoderus lugens	Rhyncophoromyia sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Dolichoderus quadridenticulatus	Rhyncophoromyia sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Eciton burchellii	Apocephalus cultellatus		phorid.net	attacked
Eciton burchellii	Apocephalus sp.		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Eciton lucanoides	Apocephalus conecitonis		phorid.net	attacked
Eciton lucanoides	Apocephalus pachycondylae		phorid.net	attacked
Eciton quadriglume	Apocephalus quadriglumis		phorid.net	attacked
Eciton vagans	Apocephalus cultellatus		phorid.net	attacked
Ectatomma goninion	Apocephalus catholicus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Ectatomma lugens	Apocephalus paraponerae		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Ectatomma lugens	Dohrniphora sp (not D. longi-gp)		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Ectatomma ruidum	Apocephalus glabriventris		phorid.net	attacked
Ectatomma tuberculatum	Apocephalus comosus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Ectatomma tuberculatum	Apocephalus lobicauda		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Ectatomma tuberculatum	Apocephalus lobicauda		phorid.net	attacked
Ectatomma tuberculatum	Apocephalus paraponerae		Brown et al., 2015	attracted to injured
Ectatomma tuberculatum	Apocephalus paraponerae		phorid.net	attacked
Ectatomma tuberculatum	Megaselia sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Gnamptogenys	Apocephalus brevifrons		phorid.net	attacked
Gnamptogenys bispinosa	Apocephalus asyndetus	Costa Rica	phorid.net; Brown & Fenner, 1998	attacked
Labidus coecus	Apocephalus analis		phorid.net	attacked
Labidus coecus	Apocephalus comatus		phorid.net	attacked
Labidus coecus	Apocephalus inimicus		phorid.net	attacked
Labidus praedator	Dacnophora sp.	Costa Rica	Brown & Fenner, 1998
Neivamyrmex nigrescens	Cremersia sp.	Arizona, USA	Brown & Fenner, 1998
Neivamyrmex nigrescens	Dacnophora pectinatus	Arizona, USA	Brown & Fenner, 1998
Neoponera apicalis	Apocephalus constrictus		phorid.net	attacked
Neoponera apicalis	Apocephalus crassilatus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Neoponera apicalis	Apocephalus crassilatus		phorid.net	attacked
Neoponera apicalis	Apocephalus paraponerae		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Neoponera commutata	Apocephalus deceptus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Neoponera commutata	Apocephalus deceptus		phorid.net	attacked
Neoponera commutata	Apocephalus melinus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Neoponera commutata	Apocephalus paraponerae		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Neoponera commutata	Megaselia sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Neoponera obscuricornis	Apocepbalus sp. 84	La Selva, Costa Rica	Brown & Fenner, 1998
Neoponera unidentata	Apocephalus atrimarginatus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Neoponera unidentata	Apocephalus atrimarginatus		phorid.net	attacked
Neoponera unidentata	Apocephalus constrictus		phorid.net	attacked
Neoponera unidentata	Apocephalus crassilatus		Brown et al., 2015	attracted to injured
Neoponera unidentata	Apocephalus crassilatus		phorid.net	attacked
Neoponera unidentata	Dohrniphora sp (not D. longi-gp)		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Neoponera unidentata	Megaselia sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Neoponera villosa	Apocephalus constrictus		phorid.net	attacked
Neoponera villosa	Apocephalus crassilatus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Neoponera villosa	Apocephalus crassilatus		phorid.net	attacked
Neoponera villosa	Apocephalus globosus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Neoponera villosa	Apocephalus globosus		phorid.net	attacked
Neoponera villosa	Apocephalus paraponerae		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Neoponera villosa	Dohrniphora sp (not D. longi-gp)		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Nomamyrmex esenbeckii	Apocephalus infradentatus		phorid.net	attacked
Nomamyrmex esenbeckii	Apocephalus persecutor		phorid.net	attacked
Nomamyrmex hartigii	Cremersia sp.	Panama	Brown & Fenner, 1998
Nylanderia fulva	Pseudacteon convexicauda	Argentina	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Odontomachus	Dohrniphora longirostrata		Brown et al. 2015
Odontomachus bauri	Apocephalus atrimarginatus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Odontomachus bauri	Apocephalus barbiventris		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Odontomachus bauri	Apocephalus barbiventris		phorid.net	attacked
Odontomachus bauri	Apocephalus catholicus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Odontomachus bauri	Apocephalus catholicus		phorid.net	attacked
Odontomachus bauri	Megaselia sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Odontomachus chelifer	Apocephalus catholicus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Odontomachus chelifer	Apocephalus catholicus		phorid.net	attacked
Odontomachus chelifer	Apocephalus paldiae		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Odontomachus chelifer	Apocephalus paldiae		phorid.net	attacked
Odontomachus chelifer	Dohrniphora sp (not D. longi-gp)		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Odontomachus haematodus	Apocephalus lopesi		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Odontomachus haematodus	Apocephalus lopesi		phorid.net	attacked
Odontomachus haematodus	Dohrniphora sp (longi-gp_females		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Odontomachus hastatus	Apocephalus catholicus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Odontomachus hastatus	Apocephalus catholicus		phorid.net	attacked
Odontomachus laticeps	Apocephalus atrimarginatus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Odontomachus laticeps	Apocephalus catholicus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Odontomachus laticeps	Apocephalus catholicus		phorid.net	attacked
Odontomachus laticeps	Apocephalus comosus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Odontomachus laticeps	Megaselia sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Odontomachus laticeps	Myriophora sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Odontomachus mormo	Dohrniphora sp (longi-gp_females		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Pachycondyla crassinoda	Apocephalus catholicus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Pachycondyla crassinoda	Apocephalus catholicus		phorid.net	attacked
Pachycondyla crassinoda	Apocephalus densepilosus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Pachycondyla crassinoda	Apocephalus densepilosus		phorid.net	attacked
Pachycondyla crassinoda	Apocephalus paraponerae		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Pachycondyla crassinoda	Apocephalus trifidus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Pachycondyla crassinoda	Apocephalus trifidus		phorid.net	attacked
Pachycondyla harpax	Apocephalus catholicus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Pachycondyla harpax	Apocephalus catholicus		phorid.net	attacked
Pachycondyla harpax	Apocephalus eurydomus		phorid.net	attacked
Pachycondyla harpax	Apocephalus sp.		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Pachycondyla harpax	Apocephalus sp.		Wheeler and Wheeler, 1952
Pachycondyla harpax	Metopina pachycondylae		Wheeler and Wheeler, 1952;
Pachycondyla impressa	Apocephalus catholicus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Pachycondyla impressa	Apocephalus catholicus		phorid.net	attacked
Pachycondyla impressa	Apocephalus collatus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Pachycondyla impressa	Apocephalus collatus		phorid.net	attacked
Pachycondyla impressa	Apocephalus constrictus		phorid.net	attacked
Pachycondyla impressa	Apocephalus contortiventris		phorid.net	attacked
Pachycondyla impressa	Apocephalus crassilatus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Pachycondyla impressa	Apocephalus crassilatus		phorid.net	attacked
Pachycondyla impressa	Apocephalus latinsulosus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Pachycondyla impressa	Apocephalus latinsulosus		phorid.net	attacked
Pachycondyla impressa	Megaselia sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Pachycondyla striata	Apocephalus piliventris		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Pachycondyla striata	Apocephalus piliventris		phorid.net	attacked
Paraponera clavata	Apocephalus paraponerae		Brown et al., 2015	attracted to injured
Paraponera clavata	Apocephalus paraponerae		phorid.net	attacked
Paraponera clavata	Apocephalus tanyurus		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Paraponera clavata	Apocephalus tanyurus		phorid.net	attacked
Paraponera clavata	Beckerina sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Paraponera clavata	Megaselia aurea		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Paraponera clavata	Megaselia sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Pheidole	Apocepbalus sp.	Pakitza, Peru	Brown & Fenner, 1998
Pheidole hyatti	Apocephalus brunneiventris		phorid.net	attacked
Pheidole obtusospinosa	Apocepbalus sp. 29	Pefia Blanca Lake, AZ, USA	Brown & Fenner, 1998	as ''Pheidole subdentata''
Pheidole perpilosa	Apocephalus brunneiventris		phorid.net	attacked
Polyrhachis bellicosa	Megaselia holosericei		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Polyrhachis bellicosa	Megaselia sp		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Polyrhachis illaudata	Megaselia holosericei		Brown et al., 2015	injured
Pseudolasius	Pseudacteon sp.	Thailand	Brown & Fenner, 1998
Solenopsis gayi	Pseudacteon obtusus	Chile	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis geminata	Pseudacteon arcuatus		Pereira et al. 2015
Solenopsis geminata	Pseudacteon bifidus		Porter et al. 2018
Solenopsis geminata	Pseudacteon pesqueroi		Pereira et al. 2015
Solenopsis geminata	Pseudacteon plowesi		Pereira et al. 2015
Solenopsis interrupta	Pseudacteon calderensis	Argentina	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis interrupta	Pseudacteon curvatus	Argentina, Bolivia	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis interrupta	Pseudacteon litoralis	Bolivia, Brazil	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis interrupta	Pseudacteon nocens	Bolivia	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis interrupta	Pseudacteon notocaudatus	Argentina, Bolivia	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis interrupta	Pseudacteon nudicornis	Argentina, Bolivia	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis interrupta	Pseudacteon obtusus	Argentina, Brazil	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis interrupta	Pseudacteon pradei	Bolivia	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis interrupta	Pseudacteon tricuspis	Argentina, Bolivia	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis invicta	Pseudacteon cultellatus	Argentina, Brazil	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis invicta	Pseudacteon curvatus	Argentina, Brazil	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis invicta	Pseudacteon litoralis	Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis invicta	Pseudacteon nocens	Argentina, Brazil	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis invicta	Pseudacteon nudicornis	Argentina	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis invicta	Pseudacteon obtusitus	Argentina, Uruguay	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis invicta	Pseudacteon obtusus	Argentina	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis invicta	Pseudacteon pradei	Brazil	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis invicta	Pseudacteon solenopsidis	Argentina	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis invicta	Pseudacteon tricuspis	Argentina, Brazil	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis invicta	Pseudacteon wasmanni	Brazil	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis macdonaghi	Pseudacteon obtusus	Argentina	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis richteri	Pseudacteon borgmeieri	Argentina	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis richteri	Pseudacteon cultellatus	Argentina	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis richteri	Pseudacteon curvatus	Argentina	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis richteri	Pseudacteon obtusus	Argentina	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis richteri	Pseudacteon tricuspis	Argentina	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis saevissima	Pseudacteon affinis	Brazil	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis saevissima	Pseudacteon cultellatus	Brazil	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis saevissima	Pseudacteon dentiger	Brazil	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis saevissima	Pseudacteon disneyi	Brazil	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis saevissima	Pseudacteon fowleri	Brazil	Pereira et al. 2015; Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis saevissima	Pseudacteon lenkoi	Brazil	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis saevissima	Pseudacteon nudicornis	Brazil	Williams et al., 1973; Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis saevissima	Pseudacteon pesqueroi		Pereira et al. 2015
Solenopsis saevissima	Pseudacteon pradei	Brazil	Williams et al., 1973; Pereira et al. 2015
Solenopsis saevissima	Pseudacteon solenopsidis	Brazil	Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020
Solenopsis saevissima	Pseudacteon tricuspis	Brazil	Williams et al., 1973
Solenopsis saevissima	Pseudacteon wasmanni	Brazil	Williams et al., 1973

Hymenoptera

Agaonidae

The family Agaonidae is a group of pollinating and non-pollinating fig wasps. They spend their larval stage inside the fruits of figs. The pollinating wasps (Agaoninae, Kradibiinae, and Tetrapusiinae) are the mutualistic partners of the fig trees. The non-pollinating fig wasps are parasitic.

List of Ants Known to Host Agaonid Wasps

Ant	Wasp Species	Locality	Source	Notes
Crematogaster scutellaris	Blastophaga psenes		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate

Aphelinidae

The Aphelinidae are a moderate-sized family of tiny parasitic wasps, with about 1160 described species in some 35 genera. The larvae of the majority are primary parasitoids on Hemiptera, though other hosts are attacked, and details of the life history can be variable (e.g., some attack eggs, some attack pupae, and others are hyperparasites). Males and females may have different hosts and different life histories. They are found throughout the world in virtually all habitats, and are extremely important as biological control agents.

List of Ants Known to Host Aphelinid Wasps

Ant	Wasp Species	Source	Notes
Camponotus nylanderi	Aphytis melinus	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Crematogaster	Coccophagus chaetosus	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Crematogaster	Coccophagus saltator	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Crematogaster	Coccophagus tetrastichoides	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Crematogaster dohrni	Coccophagus saltator	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Dolichoderus	Coccophagus pumilus	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Dolichoderus thoracicus	Coccophagus diminutus	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Dolichoderus thoracicus	Coccophagus pumilus	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Formica aerata	Aphytis melinus	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Linepithema humile	Aphytis melinus	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Linepithema humile	Cales noacki	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Linepithema humile	Eretmocerus sp.	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Solenopsis xyloni	Aphytis melinus	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Tapinoma erraticum	Aphytis melinus	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate

Chalcididae

The Chalcididae are a moderate-sized family within the Chalcidoidea, composed mostly of parasitoids and a few hyperparasitoids. As presently defined, there are over 85 genera and over 1460 species worldwide.

List of Ants Known to Host Chalcid Wasps

Ant	Wasp Species	Source	Notes
Camponotus compressus	Epitranus chilkaensis	Narendran, 1989; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Oecophylla smaragdina	Smicromorpha doddi	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Oecophylla smaragdina	Smicromorpha keralensis	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Oecophylla smaragdina	Smicromorpha masneri	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate, primary host
Pheidole titanis	Notaspidium sp.	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate

Diapriidae

The Diapriidae are a family of parasitoid wasps. These tiny insects have an average length of 2–4 mm and never exceed 8 mm. They typically attack larvae and pupae of a wide range of insects, especially flies. The about 2,300 described species in 150 genera occur world-wide.

List of Ants Known to Host Diapriid Wasps

Ant	Wasp Species	Locality	Source	Notes
Acromyrmex ambiguus	Szelenyiopria lucens	Brazil, Uruguay	Loiacono, 1987; Loiacono et al., 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2016
Acromyrmex lobicornis	Szelenyiopria pampeana	Argentina	Loiácono et al., 2000; Loiácono & Margaría, 2009; Loiacono et al., 2013; Loiacono, 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2016
Acromyrmex lobicornis	Trichopria formicans	Argentina	Loiacono et al., 2000; Loiacono, 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2016
Acromyrmex lundii	Bruchopria hexatoma	Argentina	Loiacono, 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2016
Acromyrmex lundii	Doliopria myrmecobia	Argentina	Loiacono, 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2016
Acromyrmex subterraneus	Szelenyiopria talitae	Brazil	Loiacono et al., 2013
Cyphomyrmex minutus	Acanthopria spp	Puerto Rico	Fernández-Marín et al., 2006
Cyphomyrmex rimosus	Acanthopria spp	Panama	Fernández-Marín et al., 2006	at least 4 species of ''Acanthopria'' involved
Cyphomyrmex rimosus	Mimopriella sp	Panama	Fernández-Marín et al., 2006
Eciton	Szelenyiopria sp.		Loiacono, 1987; Gonzalez et al., 2016
Eciton burchellii	Doliopria collegii	Argentina	Loiacono, 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2016
Eciton dulcium	Notoxoides pronotalis	Argentina	Loiacono, 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2016
Eciton quadriglume	Doliopria collegii	Argentina	Loiacono, 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2016
Eciton quadriglume	Szelenyiopria reichenspergeri	Argentina	Loiacono, 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2016
Linepithema humile	Basalys sp.	Argentina	Loiacono, 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2016
Linepithema humile	Trichopria sp.	Argentina	Loiacono, 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2016
Mycetomoellerius zeteki	Acanthopria sp.	Panama	Pérez-Ortega et al., 2010	ant species as ''Trachymyrmex'' cf. ''zeteki''
Mycetomoellerius zeteki	Mimopriella sp.	Panama	Pérez-Ortega et al., 2010	ant species as ''Trachymyrmex'' cf. ''zeteki''
Mycetomoellerius zeteki	Oxypria sp.	Panama	Pérez-Ortega et al., 2010	ant species as ''Trachymyrmex'' cf. ''zeteki''
Mycetomoellerius zeteki	Szelenyiopria sp.	Panama	Pérez-Ortega et al., 2010	ant species as ''Trachymyrmex'' cf. ''zeteki''
Neivamyrmex carettei	Asolenopsia rufa	Argentina	Loiacono, 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2016
Neivamyrmex legionis	Szelenyiopria reichenspergeri	Brazil, Argentina	Loiacono, 1987; Loiacono, 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2016
Neivamyrmex pseudops	Notoxoides pedissequus	Argentina	Loiacono, 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2016
Neivamyrmex sulcatus	Notaxoides pronatalis	Argentina	Loiacono, 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2016
Solenopsis richteri	Bruchopria hexatoma	Argentina	Loiacono, 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2016
Solenopsis richteri	Bruchopria pentatoma	Argentina	Loiacono, 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2016
Solenopsis richteri	Trichopria myrmecophila	Argentina	Loiacono, 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2016
Solenopsis saevissima	Pentapria cf. nodicornis	Argentina	Loiacono, 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2016

Encyrtidae

Encyrtidae is a large family of parasitic wasps, with some 3710 described species in about 455 genera. The larvae of the majority are primary parasitoids on Hemiptera, though other hosts are attacked, and details of the life history can be variable (e.g., some attack eggs, some attack larvae, others are hyperparasites, and some Encyrtidae develop as parasitoids of ticks). They are found throughout the world in virtually all habitats, and are extremely important as biological control agents.

List of Ants Known to Host Encyrtid Wasps

Ant	Wasp Species	Source	Notes
Azteca xanthochroa	Aenasius tachigaliae	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Camponotus	Arketypon vaderi	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Camponotus acvapimensis	Anagyrus lopezi	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Camponotus brutus	Ooencyrtus sp.	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Camponotus flavomarginatus	Anagyrus lopezi	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Camponotus nylanderi	Leptomastix dactylopii	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Crematogaster	Aenasius tachigaliae	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Crematogaster	Astymachus phainae	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Crematogaster	Encyrtus ingae	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Crematogaster	Encyrtus ludmilae	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Crematogaster	Metaphycus monastyrskii	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Crematogaster curvispinosa	Aenasius tachigaliae	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Crematogaster dohrni	Encyrtus ingae	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Crematogaster luctans	Anagyrus lopezi	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Dolichoderus	Microterys roseni	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Dolichoderus thoracicus	Microterys roseni	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Iridomyrmex rufoniger	Ananusia longiscapus	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Lasius niger	Anicetus beneficus	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Lasius niger	Bothriothorax intermedius	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Lasius niger	Syrphophagus aphidivorus	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Lepisiota capensis	Anagyrus lopezi	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Linepithema humile	Comperiella bifasciata	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Linepithema humile	Leptomastix dactylopii	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Linepithema humile	Metaphycus anneckei	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Linepithema humile	Metaphycus hageni	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Linepithema humile	Metaphycus lounsburyi	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Monomorium	Anagyrus lopezi	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Myrmica rubra	Syrphophagus aphidivorus	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Myrmicaria opaciventris	Ooencyrtus sp.	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Neoponera goeldii	Blanchardiscus pollux	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Ochetellus glaber	Ananusia australis	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Oecophylla longinoda	Anagyrus lopezi	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Oecophylla smaragdina	Paraphaenodiscus udayveeri	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Pheidole	Holcencyrtus wheeleri	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Pheidole megacephala	Anagyrus ananatis	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Pheidole megacephala	Anagyrus lopezi	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Pheidole megacephala	Anagyrus saccharicola	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Pheidole megacephala	Blepyrus schwarzi	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Pheidole tepicana	Holcencyrtus wheeleri	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate, primary host
Solenopsis xyloni	Comperiella bifasciata	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Tapinoma erraticum	Leptomastix dactylopii	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate

Eucharitidae

Parasitic eucharitid wasp.

The Eucharitidae are a family of parasitic wasps and are members of the superfamily Chalcidoidea with 55 genera and 417 species. They are found in tropical regions of the world.

Eucharitids are specialized parasitoids of ants, with each species usually only parasitic of one genus of ant. They are one of the few parasitoids that have been able to use ants as hosts, despite ants’ effective defence systems against most parasitoids. Eucharitid parasitism occurs year-round, with a majority of it occurring during hot and humid months. However, the amount of parasitism that occurs depends primarily on the size of the ant colony and the number of host pupae in them, and not on the season.

See Eucharitid Wasps for further details.

List of Ants Known to Host Eucharitid Wasps

Ant	Wasp Species	Locality	Source	Notes
Anoplolepis	Athairocharis vannoorti		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Calomyrmex purpureus	Stilbuloida calomyrmecis		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Camponotus	Ancylotropus manipurensis		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Camponotus	Lophyrocera variabilis		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Camponotus	Mateucharis rugulosa		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Camponotus	Pseudochalcura gibbosa		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Camponotus	Pseudochalcura nigrocyanea		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Camponotus	Rhipipalloidea madangensis		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Camponotus	Rhipipalloidea sp.		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Camponotus	Stilbula cyniformis		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Camponotus	Stilbuloida doddi		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Camponotus	Zulucharis campbelli		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Camponotus aethiops	Stilbula cyniformis		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Camponotus atriceps	Obeza floridana		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Camponotus herculeanus	Stilbula cyniformis		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Camponotus maculatus	Stilbula cyniformis		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Camponotus novaeboracensis	Pseudochalcura gibbosa		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Camponotus planatus	Pseudochalcura sculpturata		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Cataglyphis bicolor	Eucharis bedeli		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Cataglyphis bicolor	Eucharis bytinskisalzi		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate and primary host
Cataglyphis nodus	Eucharis microcephala		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Diacamma scalpratum	Schizaspidia diacammae		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Diacamma scalpratum	Schizaspidia diacammae	Thailand	Peeters et al. 2015
Dinoponera lucida	Kapala sp.		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Eciton burchellii	Isomerala azteca		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Eciton quadriglume	Orasema rapo		Heraty, 1990; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host; questionable, needs confirmation
Ectatomma	Tricoryna ectatommae		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate, primary host
Ectatomma brunneum	Dicoelothorax platycerus		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Ectatomma ruidum	Isomerala azteca		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Ectatomma ruidum	Isomerala coronata		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Ectatomma ruidum	Kapala sulcifacies		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Ectatomma tuberculatum	Dilocantha lachaudii		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Ectatomma tuberculatum	Isomerala azteca		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Ectatomma tuberculatum	Isomerala coronata		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Formica	Eucharis adscendens		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Formica	Eucharis esakii		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Formica fusca	Eucharis esakii		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Formica oreas	Orasema coloradensis		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Formica rufa	Eucharis adscendens		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Formica rufa	Eucharis bedeli		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Formica subnitens	Orasema coloradensis		Wheeler, 1907; Johnson et al., 1986; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	questionable, needs confirmation
Gnamptogenys menadensis	Pogonocharis browni		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Hypoponera	Neolosbanus gemma		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Hypoponera	Neolosbanus palgravei		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Lasius	Pseudometagea schwarzii		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Lasius fuliginosus	Pseudometagea sp.		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Lasius neoniger	Pseudometagea schwarzii		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Messor	Eucharis adscendens		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Messor	Eucharis punctata		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Messor barbarus	Eucharis adscendens		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Messor barbarus	Eucharis punctata		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Messor concolor	Eucharis punctata		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Monomorium	Zuparka monomoria		Heraty, 2000; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Myrmecia	Austeucharis sp.		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Myrmecia	Chalcura affinis		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Myrmecia forficata	Austeucharis fasciiventris		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Myrmecia forficata	Austeucharis myrmeciae		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Myrmecia gulosa	Austeucharis fasciiventris		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Myrmecia pilosula	Austeucharis implexa		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Odontomachus	Kapala sp.		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Odontomachus chelifer	Latina rugosa		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate, primary host
Odontomachus haematodus	Chalcura deprivata		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Odontomachus haematodus	Kapala terminalis		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Odontomachus haematodus	Schizaspidia convergens		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Odontomachus insularis	Kapala terminalis		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Odontomachus rixosus	Schizaspidia nasua		Heraty et al., 2015; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Odontomachus ruficeps	Chalcura affinis		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pachycondyla crassinoda	Kapala cuprea		Myers, 1931:276
Pachycondyla crassinoda	Kapala cuprea		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pheidole	Australosema valgius		Girault, 1913; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pheidole	Hayatosema assectator		Das, 1963; Kerrich, 1963; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pheidole	Losbanus "sp. nr. rugulosa"		Heraty, 1990; Baker et al., 2019	primary host
Pheidole	Orasema "sp. 2 nr. bakeri"		Heraty, 1990; Baker et al., 2019
Pheidole	Orasema "sp. 2 nr. bakeri"		Heraty, 1990; Baker et al., 2019	''Pheidole'' nr. ''californica''
Pheidole	Orasema "sp. 2 nr. bakeri"		Heraty, 1990; Baker et al., 2019	''Pheidole'' nr. ''clementensis''
Pheidole	Orasema minuta		Heraty, 1990; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host; ''Pheidole'' nr. ''tetra''
Pheidole	Orasema minutissima		Mann, 1918; Heraty, 1994; Wetterer & Porter, 2003; Burks et al. 2018; Baker et al., 2019
Pheidole	Orasema sp.		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pheidole	Orasema susanae		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host; ''Pheidole'' nr. ''tetra''
Pheidole	Orasema tolteca		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pheidole	Orasema wayqecha		Herreid, 2015; Baker et al., 2019
Pheidole	Orasemorpha eribotes		Boucek, 1988; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pheidole	Orasemorpha myrmicae		Heraty, 1994; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pheidole alfaroi	Orasema wayqecha		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pheidole bicarinata	Orasema coloradensis		Wheeler, 1907; Johnson et al., 1986; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pheidole bicarinata	Oresema sp.	Arizona	Stefan Cover (pers. obs.)
Pheidole capensis	Timioderus acuminatus		Heraty, 2000; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pheidole ceres	Orasema wheeleri		Wheeler, 1907; Gahan, 1940; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pheidole dentata	Orasema achkola		Heraty, 1994; Baker et al., 2019
Pheidole dentata	Orasema evansi		Burks et al., 2018; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pheidole dentata	Orasema robertsoni		Van Pelt, 1950; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pheidole desertorum	Orasema simulatrix		Carey et al., 2012; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pheidole flavens	Orasema costaricensis		Wheeler & Wheeler, 1937; Kempf, 1972; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pheidole gibba	Orasema chunpi	Brazil	Silva & Casadei-Ferreira, 2020
Pheidole hirtula	Orasema tolteca		Mann, 1914; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pheidole hyatti	Orasema tolteca		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pheidole megacephala	Ivieosema fraudulenta		Reichensperger, 1913; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pheidole nitidula	Orasema argentina		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pheidole nitidula	Orasema worcesteri		Gemignani, 1933; Heraty et al., 1993; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pheidole pilifera	Orasema occidentalis		Wheeler & Wheeler, 1986; Baker et al., 2019
Pheidole proxima	Orasemorpha tridentata		Brues, 1934; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pheidole radoszkowskii	Orasema worcesteri		Gemignani, 1933; Heraty et al., 1993; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pheidole sciophila	Orasema wheeleri		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pheidole tasmaniensis	Orasemorpha xeniades		Heraty, 1994; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pheidole tepicana	Orasema viridis		Wheeler, 1907; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pheidole tepicana	Orasema wheeleri		Wheeler, 1907; Gahan, 1940; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pheidole vallifica	Orasema costaricensis		Wheeler & Wheeler, 1937; Kempf, 1972; Baker et al., 2019
Pheidole veteratrix	Ibitya commnunis		Burks et al., 2017; Baker et al., 2019
Pogonomyrmex badius	Kapala floridana		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Pogonomyrmex serpens	Galearia coleopteroides		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Polyrhachis	Rhipipalloidea sp.		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Polyrhachis	Stilbula arenae		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host; ''Polyrhachis'' sp., ''Cyrtomyrma'' sp.
Polyrhachis dives	Stilbula polyrhachicida		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Polyrhachis femorata	Rhipipalloidea mira		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Rhytidoponera	Tricoryna ectatommae		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Rhytidoponera	Tricoryna iello		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Rhytidoponera metallica	Chalcura nigricyanea		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Rhytidoponera metallica	Tricoryna chalcoponerae		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Rhytidoponera metallica	Tricoryna minor		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Rhytidoponera victoriae	Tricoryna minor		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Rhytidoponera violacea	Stilbula cyniformis		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Rhytidoponera violacea	Tricoryna sp.		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Solenopsis	Orasema pireta		Varone et al., 2010; Baker et al., 2019	primary host
Solenopsis geminata	Orasema taii		Heraty, 1990; Chien & Heraty, 2018; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host; ''Solenopsis geminata'' X ''xyloni'' hybrid
Solenopsis invicta	Orasema salebrosa		Heraty et al., 1993; Varone et al., 2010; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Solenopsis invicta	Orasema simplex		Heraty et al., 1993; Varone et al., 2010; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Solenopsis invicta	Orasema sp.		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate, primary host
Solenopsis invicta	Orasema xanthopus		Silveira-Guido et al., 1964; Heraty et al., 1993; Varone et al., 2010; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Solenopsis macdonaghi	Orasema salebrosa		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Solenopsis macdonaghi	Orasema simplex		Heraty et al., 1993; Varone et al., 2010; Baker et al., 2019
Solenopsis molesta	Orasema coloradensis		Wheeler, 1907; Johnson et al., 1986; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Solenopsis quinquecuspis	Orasema aenea		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Solenopsis quinquecuspis	Orasema freychei		Varone et al., 2010; Baker et al., 2019;
Solenopsis quinquecuspis	Orasema simplex		Heraty et al., 1993; Varone et al., 2010; Baker et al., 2019;
Solenopsis quinquecuspis	Orasema xanthopus		Silveira-Guido et al., 1964; Heraty et al., 1993; Varone et al., 2010; Baker et al., 2019	primary host
Solenopsis richteri	Orasema salebrosa		Heraty et al., 1993; Varone et al., 2010; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Solenopsis richteri	Orasema simplex		Heraty et al., 1993; Varone et al., 2010; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Solenopsis richteri	Orasema xanthopus		Silveira-Guido et al., 1964; Heraty et al., 1993; Varone et al. 2010; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Solenopsis saevissima	Orasema xanthopus		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate, primary host
Solenopsis tenuis	Orasema sixaolae		Wheeler & Wheeler, 1937; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Solenopsis xyloni	Orasema taii		Heraty, 1990; Chien & Heraty, 2018; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host; ''Solenopsis geminata'' X ''xyloni'' hybrid
Temnothorax allardycei	Orasema minuta		Heraty, 1990; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Tetramorium	Orasema "sp. 2 nr. bakeri"		Heraty 1990; Baker et al., 2019	primary host
Wasmannia auropunctata	Orasema minutissima		Mann, 1918; Heraty, 1994; Wetterer & Porter, 2003; Burks et al., 2018; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Wasmannia sigmoidea	Orasema minutissima		Mann, 1918; Heraty, 1994; Wetterer & Porter, 2003; Burks et al., 2018; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host

Eulophidae

The Eulophidae are a large family of hymenopteran insects, with over 4,300 described species in some 300 genera. The larvae of a very few species feed on plants, but the majority are primary parasitoids on a huge range of arthropods at all stages of development. Eulophids are found throughout the world in virtually all habitats (one is even aquatic, parasitising psephenid beetles).

List of Ants Known to Host Eulophid Wasps

Ant	Wasp Species	Source	Notes
Camponotus	Horismenus microdonophagus	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Camponotus	Horismenus myrmecophagus	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Camponotus atriceps	Horismenus floridensis	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Crematogaster	Myrmokata diparoides	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Crematogaster	Myrmokata sp.	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Crematogaster crinosa	Melittobia australica	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Crematogaster depressa	Pediobius acraconae	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Dolichoderus	Myrmobomyia malayana	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Formica aquilonia	Achrysocharoides niveipes	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Formica aquilonia	Chrysocharis assis	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Formica aquilonia	Chrysocharis collaris	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Formica aquilonia	Chrysocharis nephereus	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Formica aquilonia	Chrysocharis orbicularis	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Formica aquilonia	Chrysocharis pilicoxa	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Formica aquilonia	Cirrospilus curvineurus	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Formica aquilonia	Cirrospilus vittatus	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Formica aquilonia	Derostenus gemmeus	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Formica aquilonia	Dicladocerus westwoodii	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Formica aquilonia	Elachertus artaeus	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Formica aquilonia	Pediobius metallicus	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Formica aquilonia	Pnigalio longulus	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Formica aquilonia	Pnigalio pectinicornis	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Formica aquilonia	Sympiesis gordius	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Formica aquilonia	Sympiesis sericeicornis	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Formica aquilonia	Sympiesis xanthostoma	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Formica fusca	Melittobia acasta	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Formica pratensis	Melittobia acasta	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Formica sanguinea	Melittobia acasta	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Lepisiota	Pediobius marjoriae	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Technomyrmex fulvus	Microdonophagus woodleyi	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate

Eupelmidae

Eupelmidae is a family of parasitic wasps in the superfamily Chalcidoidea. As presently defined, there are over 905 described species in 45 genera. The larvae of the majority are primary parasitoids, commonly on beetle larvae, though many other hosts are attacked, including spiders, and details of the life history can be variable (e.g., some attack eggs and others are hyperparasites). They are found throughout the world in virtually all habitats.

List of Ants Known to Host Eupelmid Wasps

Ant	Wasp Species	Locality	Source	Notes
Pseudomyrmex elongatulus	Anastatus reduvii		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Temnothorax purpuratus	Anastatus myrmecobius		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate

Eurytomidae

The Eurytomidae are a family within the superfamily Chalcidoidea. As presently defined, some 1420 species in 87 genera are described. Unlike most chalcidoids, the larvae of many are phytophagous (feeding in stems, seeds, or galls), while others are more typical parasitoids, though even then the hosts are usually found within plant tissues. They are found throughout the world in virtually all habitats, and a few are considered pests.

List of Ants Known to Host Eurytomid Wasps

Ant	Wasp Species	Source	Notes
Azteca	Aximopsis affinis	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Azteca alfari	Aximopsis aztecicida	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Azteca constructor	Aximopsis aztecicida	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Camponotus	Camponotophilus delvarei	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Formica obscuripes	Sycophila sp.	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate

Pteromalidae

The Pteromalidae are a very large family of mostly parasitoid wasps, with some 3,450 described species in about 640 genera. The majority are (as with most chalcidoids) parasitoids of other insects. They are found throughout the world in virtually all habitats, and many are important as biological control agents.

List of Ants Known to Host Pteromalid Wasps

Ant	Wasp Species	Source	Notes
Atta mexicana	Spalangia attae	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Atta texana	Spalangia attae	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Crematogaster scutellaris	Philotrypesis caricae	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Lasius fuliginosus	Spalangia crassicornis	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Lasius fuliginosus	Spalangia nigripes	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Lasius niger	Asaphes vulgaris	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Lasius niger	Caenacis sp.	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Lasius niger	Pachyneuron aphidis	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Myrmica rubra	Asaphes vulgaris	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Myrmica rubra	Pachyneuron aphidis	Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate

Strepsiptera

The Strepsiptera are endoparasites in other insects, such as ants, bees, wasps, leafhoppers, silverfish, and cockroaches. Females of most species never emerge from the host after entering its body, ultimate dying inside it. The early-stage larvae do emerge as they must find an unoccupied living host, and the short-lived males must emerge to seek a receptive female in her host.

List of Ants Known to Host Strepsipterans

Ant	Strepsipteran Species	Source	Notes
Camponotus crassus	Stichotrema beckeri	Cook, 2019
Camponotus planatus	Caenocholax fenyesi	Cook, 2019
Camponotus punctulatus cruentus	Caenocholax fenyesi	Cook, 2019
Camponotus punctulatus cruentus	Myrmecolax ogloblini	Cook, 2019	reported as "''Camponotus punctulatus cruentatus'' Forel"
Camponotus punctulatus cruentus	Stichotrema beckeri	Cook, 2019
Crematogaster	Stichotrema angolensis	Cook, 2019
Crematogaster	Stichotrema barrosmachadoi	Cook, 2019
Crematogaster laeviuscula	Caenocholax fenyesi	Cook, 2019
Dolichoderus bispinosus	Caenocholax fenyesi	Cook, 2019
Eciton dulcium	Myrmecolax borgmeieri	Cook, 2019
Myrmelachista zeledoni	Caenocholax fenyesi	Cook, 2019
Neoponera apicalis	Myrmecolax incautus	Cook, 2019
Neoponera verenae	Myrmecolax incautus	Cook, 2019
Pheidole	Stichotrema robertsoni	Cook, 2019
Pheidole jelskii	Caenocholax fenyesi	Cook, 2019
Pheidole radoszkowskii	Caenocholax fenyesi	Cook, 2019
Pseudomyrmex acanthobius virgo	Stichotrema beckeri	Cook, 2019
Solenopsis invicta	Caenocholax fenyesi	Cook, 2019
Solenopsis richteri	Stichotrema beckeri	Cook, 2019