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Goniomma
| Goniomma | |
|---|---|
| |
| Goniomma collingwoodi | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Formicidae |
| Subfamily: | Myrmicinae |
| Tribe: | Stenammini |
| Genus: | Goniomma Emery, 1895 |
| Type species | |
| Aphaenogaster blanci, now Goniomma collingwoodi | |
| Diversity | |
| 10 species (Species Checklist, Species by Country)
| |
Granivorous ants with small colonies. Some species are known to have specialzed diets that focus on particular seeds.
Identification
Fossils
Jessen (2020) - Extant Goniomma gyne are smaller, BL about 4–5 mm (Espadaler 1986), and their funiculus is significantly shorter, not extending the occipital margin of head. The fossil specimens have not been assigned to the genera Aphaenogaster or Paraphaenogaster because of their combination of a CI well over 100, their wing venation pattern, their weak veining and their unarmed (most likely) or slightly armed propodeum. They are not assigned to the genus Messor, since the head in this genus narrows towards the front (clearly visible in the paratype). In most extant Messor species, the head width is not reduced towards the front and the outer margins of the mandibles are not strongly curved.
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See images of species within this genus |
Distribution
Distribution and Richness based on AntMaps
Species by Region
Number of species within biogeographic regions, along with the total number of species for each region.
| Afrotropical Region | Australasian Region | Indo-Australian Region | Malagasy Region | Nearctic Region | Neotropical Region | Oriental Region | Palaearctic Region | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Species | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 |
| Total Species | 2841 | 1736 | 3045 | 932 | 835 | 4379 | 1741 | 2862 |
Fossils
Fossils are known from: Enspel Formation, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany (Oligocene).
Biology
Association with Other Organisms
All Associate Records for Genus
Life History Traits
- Mean colony size: ~360 (Greer et al., 2021)
- Compound colony type: not parasitic (Greer et al., 2021)
- Nest site: hypogaeic (Greer et al., 2021)
- Diet class: herbivore (Greer et al., 2021)
- Foraging stratum: subterranean/leaf litter (Greer et al., 2021)
- Foraging behaviour: solitary (Greer et al., 2021)
Castes
Morphology
Worker Morphology
Explore: Show all Worker Morphology data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
- Antennal segment count: 12
- Antennal club: 2, 3
- Palp formula: 2,2
- Spur formula: 0, 0
- Sting: present
Male Morphology
• Antennal segment count: 12 • Antennal club: 0, gradual, 4, weak • Palp formula: 4,3 • Total dental count: 3-6 • Spur formula: 1 simple, 1 simple • Eyes: >100 ommatidia • Pronotal Spines: absent • Mesonotal Spines: absent • Propodeal Spines: dentiform • Petiolar Spines: absent • Caste: none or weak • Sting: present • Metaplural Gland: present • Cocoon: absent
Phylogeny
| Myrmicinae |
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See Phylogeny of Myrmicinae for details.
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- GONIOMMA [Myrmicinae: Pheidolini]
- Goniomma Emery, 1895c: 298 [as subgenus of Stenamma]. Type-species: Aphaenogaster blanci, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 164.
- Goniomma subgenus of Oxyopomyrmex: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
- Goniomma raised to genus: Emery, 1908e: 460; Forel, 1917: 241.
Description
Fossils=
Queen
Jessen (2020) - For fossil Goniomma only: BL 7–8 mm. Head wider than long, it becomes narrower towards the front. Antenna 12-segmented with weak 4-segmented club. Scape hardly bended at base, clearly extending occipital margin. Mandibles triangular, with 6–7 triangular-shaped teeth. Apical tooth bigger and curved. Eyes located below heads mid length. Anterior clypeal margin fairly straight; it shows no distinct convex line. Alitrunk large, wide and arched. Propodeal spines unclear. Wing venation with closed cell mcu, and 1+2r. Cell mcu barely trapezoid, almost square. Vein 1RS remarkably short. Veins rs-m, 2RS+M, 2-3RS and 5RS and 3M are thin and weakly sclerotized. Therefore cell rm is strongly reduced. Sclerotization of veins in general weak. Legs brown. Body darker than legs. Petioles anterior face is continuously ascending, posteriorly it is steeply descending. Top of petiolar node is not rounded. Helcium low, postpetiole wide, only slightly constricted towards gaster. First gastral tergite distinctly longer than the others.
References
- Acosta Salmerón, F. J. 1982 [1981]. Sobre los caracteres morfólogicos [sic] de Goniomma, con algunas sugerencias sobre su taxonomía (Hym., Formicidae). EOS. Revista Española de Entomologia 57 (1981): 7-14.[28.iv.1982.] (page 7, Partial revision of genus)
- Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and Classification of Formicidae. Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. 71: 370pp (page 231, Goniomma as genus; Goniomma in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini; )
- Branstetter, M.G., Longino, J.T., Reyes- López, J.L., Brady, S.G., Schultz, T.R. 2022. Out of the temperate zone: A phylogenomic test of the biogeographical conservatism hypothesis in a contrarian clade of ants. Journal of Biogeography 00, 1-14 (doi:10.1111/jbi.14462).
- Cantone S. 2018. Winged Ants, The queen. Dichotomous key to genera of winged female ants in the World. The Wings of Ants: morphological and systematic relationships (self-published).
- Collingwood, C. A.; Prince, A. 1998. A guide to ants of continental Portugal (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bol. Soc. Port. Entomol. Supl. 5: 1-49 (page 14, Portugal species key)
- Emery, C. 1895d. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der nordamerikanischen Ameisenfauna. (Schluss). Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Syst. Geogr. Biol. Tiere 8: 257-360 (page 298, Goniomma as subgenus of Stenamma)
- Emery, C. 1895l. Die Gattung Dorylus Fab. und die systematische Eintheilung der Formiciden. Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Syst. Geogr. Biol. Tiere 8: 685-778 (page 769, Goniomma in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini; Goniomma as subgenus of Stenamma)
- Emery, C. 1908f. Beiträge zur Monographie der Formiciden des paläarktischen Faunengebietes. (Hym.) Teil III. Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 1908: 437-465 (page 460, Goniomma raised to genus)
- Emery, C. 1914e. Intorno alla classificazione dei Myrmicinae. Rend. Sess. R. Accad. Sci. Ist. Bologna Cl. Sci. Fis. (n.s.) 18: 29-42 (page 40, Goniomma in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini)
- Emery, C. 1921c. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Myrmicinae. [part]. Genera Insectorum 174A:1-94 94: 1-94 + 7 (page 74, Goniomma in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini [subtribe Stenammini]; as genus)
- Forel, A. 1917. Cadre synoptique actuel de la faune universelle des fourmis. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 51: 229-253 (page 241, Goniomma in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini; as genus)
- Hanisch, P.E., Sosa-Calvo, J., Schultz, T.R. 2022. The last piece of the puzzle? Phylogenetic position and natural history of the monotypic fungus-farming ant genus Paramycetophylax (Formicidae: Attini). Insect Systematics and Diversity 6 (1): 11:1-17 (doi:10.1093/isd/ixab029).
- Jansen, G., Savolainen, R. 2010. Molecular phylogeny of the ant tribe Myrmicini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160(3), 482–495 (doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00604.x).
- Jessen, K. 2020. New fossil ants of the subfamily Myrmicinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Upper Oligocene of Enspel (Westerwald Mountains, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 100:1007–1045. doi:10.1007/s12549-019-00406-2
- Santschi, F. 1929e. Fourmis du Maroc, d'Algérie et de Tunisie. Bull. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 69: 138-165 (page 145, Key to species (out of date); )
- Wheeler, W. M. 1910b. Ants: their structure, development and behavior. New York: Columbia University Press, xxv + 663 pp. (page 140, Goniomma as subgenus of Oxyopomyrmex)
- Wheeler, W. M. 1911g. A list of the type species of the genera and subgenera of Formicidae. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 21: 157-175 (page 164, Type-species: Aphaenogaster blanci; by subsequent designation)
- Wheeler, W. M. 1922i. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. VII. Keys to the genera and subgenera of ants. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 45: 631-710 (page 661, Goniomma in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini; as genus)