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Paratrachymyrmex
| Paratrachymyrmex | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Formicidae |
| Subfamily: | Myrmicinae |
| Tribe: | Attini |
| Genus: | Paratrachymyrmex Solomon, Rabeling, Sosa-Calvo & Schultz, 2019 |
| Type species | |
| Atta intermedia, now Paratrachymyrmex intermedius | |
| Diversity | |
| 9 species (Species Checklist, Species by Country) | |
| At a Glance | • Fungus Grower |
Identification
Santos et al. (2025):
- Median pronotal spines separated (Fig. 2, B), not basally fused (Fig. 2, A).
- Mandible dorsally striated (Fig. 2, E), sometimes solely basally striated [e.g. Paratrachymyrmex levis].
- Preocular carinae short, sometimes curved towards the frontal carinae (Fig. 2, B, E) [e.g. Paratrachymyrmex diversus, Paratrachymyrmex intermedius and Paratrachymyrmex mandibularis].
- Pilosity sparse (Fig. 2, G).
- Postocular protuberance inconspicuous (Fig. 2, E).
- Vertexal corners generally rounded (Fig. 2, E).
- Posterior margin of head usually with strong median impression (Fig. 2, E).
- Postpetiole in lateral view often with posteromedial impression (posterior margin concave) (Fig. 2, G, J).
- First gastral tergite often with conspicuous pair of lateral ridges, median pair usually poorly-marked or absent (Fig. 2, J).
- Propodeal projections short in most species [except in Paratrachymyrmex diversus, Paratrachymyrmex intermedius and Paratrachymyrmex mandibularis].
- Promesonotum usually with subequal-sized projections (Fig. 2, G) [except in Paratrachymyrmex intermedius and Paratrachymyrmex mandibularis].
- Antennal scape never with basal lobe; microtubercles tiny (Fig. 2, B, E).
Santos et al. (2025), Fig. 2. Comparison between Mycetomoellerius, Paratrachymyrmex and Trachymyrmex species. A, M. oetkeri (UFV-LABECOL-005130); B, T. septentrionalis (ANTWEB1060085); C, M. kempfi (CASENT0178107); D, M. turrifex (CASENT0104760); E, P. bugnioni (CASENT0919968); F, M. mesopleuralis (MZSPHYM0136546); G, T. septentrionalis (CASENT0919975); H, M. kempfi (CASENT0178107); I, T. pakawa (CASENT0919984); J, P. intermedius (CASENT0919970); K, M. holmgreni (CASENT0178106). Black arrowheads, median pronotal spines basally fused; Red arrowheads, median pronotal spines separated; Blue arrowheads, pair of lateral ridges on first gastral tergite; Grey arrowheads, pair of median ridges on first gastral tergite. Abbreviations: frc, frontal carinae; lpsp, lateral pronotal spines; mdl, mandibles; mets, metanotal suture; mspl, mesopleura; phi, posterior margin of head impression; pmsnt, promesonotum ; popr, postocular protuberance; ppet, postpetiole; proc, preocular carinae; prs, pronotal spines; pvmh, posterior section of ventral margin of head; scp, scape; vc, vertexal corners; tgI, first tergum of the gaster.
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See images of species within this genus |
Distribution
Distribution and Richness based on AntMaps
Species by Region
Number of species within biogeographic regions, along with the total number of species for each region.
| Afrotropical Region | Australasian Region | Indo-Australian Region | Malagasy Region | Nearctic Region | Neotropical Region | Oriental Region | Palaearctic Region | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Species | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 |
| Total Species | 2851 | 1736 | 3047 | 932 | 840 | 4391 | 1767 | 2925 |
Biology
Association with Other Organisms
All Associate Records for Genus
Click here to show/hide associate data.
| Taxon | Relationship | Associate Type | Associate Taxon | Associate Relationship | Locality | Source | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paratrachymyrmex bugnioni | xenobiont | ant | Megalomyrmex wettereri | xenobiont | Brandão (2003) | ||
| Paratrachymyrmex cornetzi | host | fungus | Ophiocordyceps australis | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest |
Castes
Morphology
Worker Morphology
Explore: Show all Worker Morphology data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
- Antennal segment count: 11
- Antennal club: gradual-3 weak
- Palp formula: 4,2
- Total dental count: 8-12
- Spur formula: 0,0
- Scrobes: weak
- Caste: polymorphic
- Sting: present
Male Morphology
- Explore: Show all Male Morphology data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
• Antennal segment count 13 • Antennal club gradual-4 weak • Palp formula 4,2 • Total dental count 3-7 • Spur formula 0,0
Karyotype
Genus Uncertain
The following karyotypes were described as belonging to Trachymyrmex but lacked species-level identifications. As a result of the taxonomic changes proposed by Solomon et al. (2019) the generic placement of these specimens becomes uncertain, but they are likely to belong to either Mycetomoellerius or Paratrachymyrmex rather than Trachymyrmex (based on geographic distribution).
- As Trachymyrmex sp.1: n = 6, 2n = 12, karyotype = 12M (Panama) (Murakami et al., 1998).
- As Trachymyrmex sp.2: 2n = 18, karyotype = 18M (Panama) (Murakami et al., 1998).
- As Trachymyrmex: 2n = 22, karyotype = 18M+4SM (Brazil) (Barros et al., 2013).
Phylogeny
| Myrmicinae |
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See Phylogeny of Myrmicinae for details.
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- PARATRACHYMYRMEX [Myrmicinae: Attini]
- Paratrachymyrmex Solomon, Rabeling, Sosa-Calvo & Schultz, 2019: 952. Type-species: Atta (Trachymyrmex) intermedia, by original designation.
References
- Barrera, C.A., Sosa-Calvo, J., Schultz, T.R., Rabeling, C., Bacci, M., Jr 2021. Phylogenomic reconstruction reveals new insights into the evolution and biogeography of Atta leaf-cutting ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 47: 13-35 (doi:10.1111/syen.12513).
- Dahan, R.A., Grove, N.K., Bollazzi, M., Gerstner, B.P., Rabeling, C. 2021. Decoupled evolution of mating biology and social structure in Acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 76, 7 (doi:10.1007/s00265-021-03113-1).
- Fernandez, F., Guerrero, R.J., Sánchez-Restrepo, A.F. 2021. Sistemática y diversidad de las hormigas neotropicales. Revista Colombiana de Entomología 47, 1–20 (doi:10.25100/socolen.v47i1.11082).
- Hanisch, P.E., Sosa-Calvo, J., Schultz, T.R. 2022. The last piece of the puzzle? Phylogenetic position and natural history of the monotypic fungus-farming ant genus Paramycetophylax (Formicidae: Attini). Insect Systematics and Diversity 6 (1): 11:1-17 (doi:10.1093/isd/ixab029).
- Solomon, S.E., Rabeling, C., Sosa-Calvo, J., Lopes, C.T., Rodrigues, A., Vasconcelos, H.L., Bacci Jr, M., Mueller, U.G., Schultz, T.R. 2019. The molecular phylogenetics of Trachymyrmex Forel ants and their fungal cultivars provide insights into the origin and coevolutionary history of ‘higher-attine’ ant agriculture. Systematic Entomology 44: 939-956 (doi:10.1111/syen.12370).