Myrmica

Myrmica Temporal range: 50.3–0 Ma K Pa Eo Ol Mi Pl Eocene – Recent
Myrmica rubra
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Myrmicinae
Tribe:	Myrmicini
Genus:	Myrmica Latreille, 1804
Type species
Formica rubra, now Myrmica rubra
Diversity
210 species 13 fossil species (Species Checklist, Species by Country) Myrmica rubra Specimen Label
Synonyms
Dodecamyrmica Arnol'di, 1968 Nothomyrmica Wheeler, W.M., 1915 Paramyrmica Cole, 1957 Sifolinia Emery, 1907 Sommimyrma Menozzi, 1925 Symbiomyrma Arnol'di, 1930

A common and abundant element of Holoartic ant faunas, especially at higher latitudes.

Evolutionary Relationships

Myrmicinae Myrmicini Manica   (6 species) Myrmica   (210 species) Pogonomyrmecini   (3 genera) Stenammini   (7 genera) Solenopsidini   (22 genera) Attini   (49 genera) Crematogastrini   (65 genera)

Based on Ward et al., 2014

Identification

Eguchi, Bui and Yamane (2011) - The worker of Myrmica is somewhat similar to those of Aphaenogaster (see under Aphaenogaster) and Tetramorium. However, in the worker of Tetramorium, the tibial spurs of the middle and hind legs are simple or absent, and the apex of sting bears a small lamellate appendage.

Species groups have proven useful to help organize the often difficult to determine species into more manageable subsets of species. Diagnostic treatments of these groups, and list of species assigned to each group, for many Myrmica species are found here: Myrmica Species Groups. This page does not provide coverage of the North American Myrmica fauna. Some contemporary, albeit preliminary, species group work for North American Myrmica species is found here: Myrmica Species Groups of North America

See images of species within this genus

Keys including this Genus

• Key to Ant Genera of the Navajo Reservation
• Key to North American Genera of Myrmicinae
• Key to Vietnamese Myrmicinae Genera
• Key to the Ant Genera of New Mexico

 

Keys to Species in this Genus

• Key to Myrmica of West Europe and North Africa
• Key to Myrmica of East Europe, West Siberia, northern Kazakhstan, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Turkmenistan and Iran
• Key to Myrmica of species of East Siberia, Russian Far East, Mongolia, Korean Peninsula, northern China, and Japan
• Key to Myrmica of the Middle Asian Mountains
• Key to Myrmica of the Tibetan Plateau
• Key to Myrmica of the Himalaya and Afghanistan
• Key to Myrmica of South and South East Asia
• Key to Myrmica fossils
• Key to Myrmica of China
• Key to Myrmica of Romania
• Key to Myrmica inezae species group
• Key to Myrmica of Vietnam
• Key to Myrmica of the punctiventris group
• Key to Myrmica of North America
• Key to parasitic Himalayan Myrmica
• Key to Myrmica pachei-group
• Key to New England Myrmica

Species Group Keys

• Key to Myrmica inezae species group
• Key to punctiventris-group Myrmica species

Fossil Species Key

• Key to Myrmica fossils

Distribution

Fossils

Fossils are known from: Baltic amber (Bartonian, Middle to Late Eocene), Bitterfeld amber (Bartonian, Middle to Late Eocene), Danish-Scandinavian amber (Bartonian, Middle to Late Eocene), Enspel Formation, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany (Oligocene), Mokrina (Krottensee), Czech Republic (Late Burdigalian, Early Miocene), Oeningen, Switzerland (Messinian, Late Miocene), Parschlug, Austria (Serravallian, Miocene), Radoboj, Croatia (Burdigalian, Early Miocene).

Biology

Association with Other Organisms

Numerous European species are parasitized by Phengaris butterflies. Maturing caterpillars of various species move into the nests of certain Myrmica species and prey on ant brood. They are also able to solicit food from and be fed via trophallaxis.

In Missouri, USA, a Myrmica species (species uncertain) was found as a slave within a nest of Formica rubicunda.

An unknown species is host for the staphylinid beetle Orphnebius lilizheni in China (Jiang et al., 2020).

All Associate Records for Genus

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Taxon	Relationship	Associate Type	Associate Taxon	Associate Relationship	Locality	Source	Notes
Myrmica	host	ant	Formica rubicunda	slave maker
Myrmica	host	Staphylinid beetle	Orphnebius lilizheni	myrmecophile	China	Jiang et al., 2020
Myrmica aimonissabaudiae	host	ant	Myrmica ereptrix	inquiline
Myrmica aimonissabaudiae	host	ant	Myrmica latra	inquiline
Myrmica alaskensis	host	ant	Formicoxenus quebecensis	guest
Myrmica alaskensis	workerless inquiline	ant	Myrmica lampra	host
Myrmica alaskensis	workerless inquiline	ant	Myrmica quebecensis	host
Myrmica bibikoffi	temporary parasite	ant	Myrmica sabuleti	host		Radchenko & Elmes, 2003
Myrmica cagnianti	host	ant	Myrmica kabylica	workerless inquiline
Myrmica colax	inquiline	ant	Myrmica striolagaster
Myrmica curvithorax	host	fungus	Rickia wasmannii	pathogen		Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012
Myrmica ereptrix	inquiline	ant	Myrmica aimonissabaudiae
Myrmica fracticornis	host	ant	Formicoxenus provancheri	xenobiont
Myrmica gallienii	host	ant	Myrmica karavajevi	workerless inquiline
Myrmica hirsuta	inquiline	ant	Myrmica sabuleti	host		Elmes, 1978	workers rare
Myrmica incompleta	host	''Microdon'' fly	Microdon albicomatus	predator	Idaho (type), Washington	Novak, 1977
Myrmica incompleta	host	ant	Formicoxenus provancheri	xenobiont
Myrmica kabylica	workerless inquiline	ant	Myrmica cagnianti	host
Myrmica karavajevi	workerless inquiline	ant	Myrmica gallienii	host
Myrmica karavajevi	workerless inquiline	ant	Myrmica lonae	host
Myrmica karavajevi	workerless inquiline	ant	Myrmica rugulosa	host
Myrmica karavajevi	workerless inquiline	ant	Myrmica sabuleti	host
Myrmica karavajevi	workerless inquiline	ant	Myrmica scabrinodis	host
Myrmica lampra	workerless inquiline	ant	Myrmica alaskensis	host
Myrmica latra	inquiline	ant	Myrmica aimonissabaudiae
Myrmica laurae	workerless inquiline	ant	Myrmica sabuleti	host			identification needs confirmation
Myrmica laurae	workerless inquiline	ant	Myrmica scabrinodis	host
Myrmica lemasnei	workerless inquiline	ant	Myrmica sabuleti	host
Myrmica lobicornis	host	ant	Myrmica myrmicoxena	workerless inquiline
Myrmica lonae	host	ant	Myrmica karavajevi	workerless inquiline
Myrmica lonae	host	butterfly	Phengaris arion	parasite		Sielezniew et al., 2010
Myrmica myrmicoxena	workerless inquiline	ant	Myrmica lobulicornis	host
Myrmica nefaria	inquiline	ant	Myrmica rupestris			Radchenko and Elmes, 2010
Myrmica punctiventris	host	ant	Myrmica semiparasitica	temporary parasite
Myrmica quebecensis	workerless inquiline	ant	Myrmica alaskensis	host
Myrmica rubra	host	encyrtid wasp	Syrphophagus aphidivorus	parasite		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Myrmica rubra	host	fungus	Ophiocordyceps myrmecophila	pathogen		Shrestha et al., 2017
Myrmica rubra	host	fungus	Rickia wasmannii	pathogen		Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012
Myrmica rubra	host	pteromalid wasp	Asaphes vulgaris	parasite		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Myrmica rubra	host	pteromalid wasp	Pachyneuron aphidis	parasite		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Myrmica rugulosa	host	ant	Myrmica karavajevi	workerless inquiline
Myrmica rugulosa	host	nematode	Diploscapter lycostoma	parasite		Wahab, 1962
Myrmica rupestris	host	ant	Myrmica nefaria	inquiline		Radchenko and Elmes, 2010
Myrmica sabuleti	host	ant	Myrmica bibikoffi	temporary parasite
Myrmica sabuleti	host	ant	Myrmica hirsuta	inquiline
Myrmica sabuleti	host	ant	Myrmica karavajevi	workerless inquiline
Myrmica sabuleti	host	ant	Myrmica laurae	workerless inquiline			identification needs confirmation
Myrmica sabuleti	host	ant	Myrmica lemasnei	workerless inquiline
Myrmica sabuleti	host	fungus	Hormiscium myrmecophilum	pathogen		Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012
Myrmica sabuleti	host	fungus	Rickia wasmannii	pathogen		Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012
Myrmica sabuleti	mutualist	butterfly	Phengaris arion			Obregon et al. 2015
Myrmica scabrinodis	host	''Microdon'' fly	Microdon myrmicae	predator	Devon, England, U.K.	Scarparo et al., 2020
Myrmica scabrinodis	host	ant	Myrmica karavajevi	workerless inquiline
Myrmica scabrinodis	host	ant	Myrmica laurae	workerless inquiline
Myrmica scabrinodis	host	butterfly	Glaucopsyche alexis			Obregon et al. 2015
Myrmica scabrinodis	host	butterfly	Maculinea alcon			Tartally et al., 2019; Ebsen et al., 2019
Myrmica scabrinodis	host	butterfly	Maculinea teleius			Tartally et al., 2019; Ebsen et al., 2019
Myrmica scabrinodis	host	fungus	Rickia wasmannii	pathogen		Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012
Myrmica scabrinodis	host	nematode	unidentified nematode	parasite		Csosz, 2012	infected ant described as ''Sommimyrma symbiotica'', now ''Myrmica scabrinodis''
Myrmica schencki	host	butterfly	Phengaris arion	parasite		Sielezniew et al., 2010b
Myrmica schencki	host	butterfly	Phengaris rebeli	parasite		Settele et al., 2005; Sielezniew et al., 2010a
Myrmica semiparasitica	temporary parasite	ant	Myrmica punctiventris	host
Myrmica specioides	host	fungus	Rickia wasmannii	pathogen		Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012
Myrmica spinosior	host	fungus	Rickia wasmannii	pathogen		Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012
Myrmica vandeli	host	fungus	Rickia wasmannii	pathogen		Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012
Myrmicaria opaciventris	host	encyrtid wasp	Ooencyrtus sp.	parasite		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate

Vietnam

Eguchi, Bui and Yamane (2011) - Myrmica species have so far been found exclusively in the mountains of Fan Si Pan above approximately 1,700 m alt. They inhabit sparse to well-developed forests and nest in rotting logs, wood fragments, under stones, in soil around tree bases, etc. Workers forage on the ground and lower vegetation.

Morphology

Worker Morphology

• Antennal segment count: 12
• Antennal club: 3-4
• Palp formula: 6,4
• Total dental count: 6-10
• Spur formula: 1 simple-pectinate, 1 simple-pectinate;0, 0
• Sting: present

Male Morphology

 • Antennal segment count 12-13 • Antennal club 4-5; gradual-3 in some social parasites • Palp formula 6,4 • Total dental count 3-8 • Spur formula 1 barbulate-pectinate, 1 barbulate-pectinate; 0, 1 barbulate-pectinate; 0, 0

Karyotype

All Karyotype Records for Genus

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Taxon	Haploid	Diploid	Karyotype	Locality	Source	Notes
Myrmica lobicornis	24				Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1983
Myrmica rubra		48		Switzerland	Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1983	as ''Myrmica laevinodis''
Myrmica rubra	23	46		Japan	Imai, 1969
Myrmica ruginodis		48		Switzerland	Hauschteck, 1965
Myrmica ruginodis	24			Switzerland	Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1983
Myrmica sabuleti		46		Switzerland	Hauschteck, 1965
Myrmica sabuleti	23			Switzerland	Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1983
Myrmica scabrinodis	22	44		Switzerland	Hauschteck, 1965
Myrmica schencki	23	46		Switzerland	Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1983
Myrmica sulcinodis	24			Switzerland	Crozier, 1975	2n=24 is probably a mistake
Myrmica sulcinodis	28	56		Switzerland	Hauschteck, 1965; Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1983
Myrmicaria		44		Indonesia	Imai et al., 1985
Myrmicaria		44		Malaysia	Goni et al., 1982
Myrmicaria		44		Malaysia	Goni et al., 1982; Imai et al., 1983
Myrmicaria	23	46		Malaysia	Imai et al., 1983
Myrmicaria brunnea		44	24M+20A	India	Imai et al., 1984	The photo is the ''Myrmicaria brunnea subcarinata''

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

• MYRMICA [Myrmicinae: Myrmicini]
  • Myrmica Latreille, 1804: 179. Type-species: Formica rubra, by subsequent designation of Latreille, 1810: 437; see also Yarrow, 1955b: 113.
  • Myrmica senior synonym of Dodecamyrmica: Francoeur, 1981: 759.
  • Myrmica senior synonym of Paramyrmica, Sifolinia (and its junior synonym Symbiomyrma), Sommimyrma: Bolton, 1988a: 3; Bolton, 2003: 221.
  • Myrmica senior synonym of †Nothomyrmica: Radchenko, Dlussky & Elmes, 2007: 1495.
• DODECAMYRMICA [junior synonym of Myrmica]
  • Dodecamyrmica Arnol'di, 1968: 1803 [as subgenus of Myrmica]. Type-species: Myrmica arnoldii, by original designation.
  • Dodecamyrmica junior synonym of Myrmica: Francoeur, 1981: 759.
• †NOTHOMYRMICA [junior synonym of Myrmica]
  • †Nothomyrmica Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 60. Type-species: †Macromischa rudis, by original designation.
  • [†Nothomyrmica Wheeler, W.M. 1908g: 413, and Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 167, nomina nuda.]
  • †Nothomyrmica junior synonym of Myrmica: Radchenko, Dlussky & Elmes, 2007: 1495.
• PARAMYRMICA [junior synonym of Myrmica]
  • Paramyrmica Cole, 1957a: 37. Type-species: Paramyrmica colax, by original designation.
  • Paramyrmica junior synonym of Myrmica: Bolton, 1988a: 3.
• SIFOLINIA [junior synonym of Myrmica]
  • Sifolinia Emery, 1907: 49. Type-species: Sifolinia laurae, by monotypy.
  • Sifolinia senior synonym of Symbiomyrma: Samsinak, 1964: 156.
  • Sifolinia junior synonym of Myrmica: Bolton, 1988a: 3.
• SOMMIMYRMA [junior synonym of Myrmica]
  • Sommimyrma Menozzi, 1925d: 25. Type-species: Sommimyrma symbiotica, by original designation.
  • Sommimyrma junior synonym of Myrmica: Bolton, 1988a: 3.
• SYMBIOMYRMA [junior synonym of Myrmica]
  • Symbiomyrma Arnol'di, 1930c: 267. Type-species: Symbiomyrma karavajevi, by monotypy.
  • [Symbiomyrma also described as new by Arnol'di, 1933a: 41.]
  • Symbiomyrma junior synonym of Sifolinia: Samsinak, 1964: 156.
  • Symbiomyrma revived from synonymy: Seifert, 1994: 15; Seifert, 1996: 236.
  • Symbiomyrma junior synonym of Myrmica: Bolton, 1988a: 3; Bolton, 1995b: 47; Bolton, 2003: 222; Radchenko & Elmes, 2003: 219.

References

• Arnol'di, K. V. 1970b. Review of the ant genus Myrmica (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the European part of the USSR. Zool. Zh. 4 49: 1829-1844 (page 1832, Revisionary studies)
• Arnol'di, K. V. 1976a. Ants of the genus Myrmica Latr. from Central Asia and the southern Kazakstan. Zool. Zh. 55: 547-558 (page 554, Revisionary studies)
• Ashmead, W. H. 1905c. A skeleton of a new arrangement of the families, subfamilies, tribes and genera of the ants, or the superfamily Formicoidea. Can. Entomol. 37: 381-384 (page 383, Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini)
• Bolton, B. 1988a. A new socially parasitic Myrmica, with a reassessment of the genus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Syst. Entomol. 13: 1-11 (page 3, Myrmica senior synonym of Paramyrmica, Sifolinia (and its junior synonym Symbiomyrma), and Sommimyrma)
• Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and Classification of Formicidae. Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. 71: 370pp (page 221, Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini; Myrmica senior synonym of Paramyrmica, Sifolinia (and its junior synonym Symbiomyrma), and Sommimyrma)
• Bondroit, J. 1918. Les fourmis de France et de Belgique. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 87: 1-174 (page 96, Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini)
• Brown, W. L., Jr. 1973b. A comparison of the Hylean and Congo-West African rain forest ant faunas. Pp. 161-185 in: Meggers, B. J., Ayensu, E. S., Duckworth, W. D. (eds.) Tropical forest ecosystems in Africa and South America: a comparative review. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, viii + 350 pp. (page 180-185, Myrmica provisional senior synonym of Dodecamyrmica, Paramyrmica, Sifolinia, Sommimyrma, Symbiomyrma)
• Cresson, E. T. 1887. Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America, north of Mexico, together with a catalogue of the described species, and bibliography. Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc., Suppl. Vol. 1887: 1-351 (page 260, Myrmica in Myrmicidae)
• Dalla Torre, K. W. von. 1893. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 7. Formicidae (Heterogyna). Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 289 pp. (page 108, Myrmica in Myrmicinae)
• Eguchi, K., Bui, T.V. & Yamane, S. 2011. Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam. Part 1 – Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmecinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61.
• Emery, C. 1895l. Die Gattung Dorylus Fab. und die systematische Eintheilung der Formiciden. Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Syst. Geogr. Biol. Tiere 8: 685-778 (page 769, Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini)
• Emery, C. 1914e. Intorno alla classificazione dei Myrmicinae. Rend. Sess. R. Accad. Sci. Ist. Bologna Cl. Sci. Fis. (n.s.) 18: 29-42 (page 40, Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini)
• Emery, C. 1921c. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Myrmicinae. [part]. Genera Insectorum 174A:1-94 94: 1-94 + 7 (page 36, Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini)
• Emery, C.; Forel, A. 1879. Catalogue des Formicides d'Europe. Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 5: 441-481 (page 460, Myrmica in Myrmicinae [Myrmicidae])
• Finzi, B. 1926. Le forme europee del genere Myrmica Latr. Primo contributo. Boll. Soc. Adriat. Sci. Nat. Trieste 29: 71-119 (page 71, Revisionary studies)
• Forel, A. 1895b. A fauna das formigas do Brazil. Bol. Mus. Para. Hist. Nat. Ethnogr. 1: 89-139 (page 125, Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini)
• Forel, A. 1899e. Formicidae. [part]. Biol. Cent.-Am. Hym. 3: 57-80 (page 63, Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini)
• Forel, A. 1917. Cadre synoptique actuel de la faune universelle des fourmis. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 51: 229-253 (page 241, Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini)
• Francoeur, A. 1981c. Le groupe néarctique Myrmica lampra (Formicidae, Hymenoptera). Can. Entomol. 113: 755-759 (page 759, Myrmica senior synonym of Dodecamyrmica)
• Garcia, F.R.M., Ovruski, S.M., Suárez, L., Cancino, J., Liburd, O.E. 2020. Biological control of tephritid fruit flies in the Americas and Hawaii: A review of the use of parasitoids and predators. Insects 11, 662. (doi:10.3390/insects11100662).
• Hamilton, N., Jones, T.H., Shik, J.Z., Wall, B., Schultz, T.R., Blair, H.A., Adams, R.M.M. 2018. Context is everything: mapping Cyphomyrmex-derived compounds to the fungus-growing ant phylogeny. Chemoecology 28, 137–144. (doi:10.1007/S00049-018-0265-5).
• Jansen, Gunther and Riitta Savolainen, Kari Vepsäläinen. 2010. Phylogeny, divergence-time estimation, biogeography and social parasite–host relationships of the Holarctic ant genus Myrmica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56: 294–304 (doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.029).
• Jiang, R.-X., Li, B.-Y., Wang, S. 2020. Description a new species of the genus Orphnebius Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) from Xizang, China. Zootaxa 4790, 593–599 (doi:10.11646/ZOOTAXA.4790.3.13).
• Latreille, P. A. 1804. Tableau méthodique des insectes. Pp. 129-200 in: Société de Naturalistes et d'Agriculteurs. Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle. Tome 24. Paris: Déterville, 84 + 85 + 238 + 18 + 34 pp. (page 179, Myrmica as genus)
• Latreille, P. A. 1810. Considérations générales sur l'ordre natural des animaux composant les classes des Crustacés, des Arachnides et des Insectes; avec un tableau méthodique de leurs genres, disposés en familles. Paris: F. Schoell, 444 pp. (page 437, Type-species, by subsequent designation)
• Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, A. 1835 [1836]. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Hyménoptères. Tome I. Paris: Roret, 547 pp. (page 180, Myrmica in Myrmicites)
• Mayr, G. 1855. Formicina austriaca. Beschreibung der bisher im österreichischen Kaiserstaate aufgefundenen Ameisen, nebst Hinzufügung jener in Deutschland, in der Schweiz und in Italien vorkommenden Arten. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ver. Wien 5: 273-478 (page 396, Myrmica in Myrmicinae [Myrmicidae])
• Mayr, G. 1861. Die europäischen Formiciden. Nach der analytischen Methode bearbeitet. Wien: C. Gerolds Sohn, 80 pp. (page 62, Myrmica in Myrmicinae [Myrmicidae])
• Mayr, G. 1865. Formicidae. In: Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte "Novara" um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859. Zoologischer Theil. Bd. II. Abt. 1. Wien: K. Gerold's Sohn, 119 pp. (page 19, Myrmica in Myrmicinae [Myrmicidae])
• Menozzi, C. 1939a. Formiche dell'Himalaya e del Karakorum raccolte dalla Spedizione italiana comandata da S. A. R. il Duca di Spoleto (1929). Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano 78: 285-345 (page 293, Revisionary studies)
• Radchenko, A. G. 1994a. Taxonomic structure of the ant genus Myrmica (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Eurasia. Report 1. Zool. Zh. 73(6 6: 39-51 (page 39, Revisionary studies)
• Radchenko, A. G. 1994d. Identification table for ants of the genus Myrmica (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from central and eastern Palearctic. Zool. Zh. 73(7-8 8: 130-145 (page 130, Revisionary studies)
• Radchenko, A. G.; Elmes, G. W. 2003a. A taxonomic revision of the socially parasitic Myrmica ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Palaearctic region. Ann. Zool. (Warsaw) 53: 217-243 (page 219, Myrmica as senior synonym of Paramyrmica, Sifolinia, Sommimyrma, and Symbiomyrma)
• Seifert, B. 1988b. A taxonomic revision of the Myrmica species of Europe, Asia Minor, and Caucasia (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Abh. Ber. Naturkundemus. Görlitz 62(3): 1-75 (page 1, Revisionary studies)
• Smith, F. 1857a. Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo; Mount Ophir, Malacca; and at Singapore, by A. R. Wallace. [part]. J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. 2: 42-88 (page 70, Myrmica in Myrmicinae [Myrmicidae])
• Smith, F. 1858a. Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae. London: British Museum, 216 pp. (page 114, Myrmica in Poneridae, Myrmicidae)
• Smith, F. 1871a. A catalogue of the Aculeate Hymenoptera and Ichneumonidae of India and the Eastern Archipelago. With introductory remarks by A. R. Wallace. [part]. J. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. 11: 285-348 (page 324, Myrmica in Myrmicidae)
• Weber, N. A. 1947b. A revision of the North American ants of the genus Myrmica Latreille with a synopsis of the Palearctic species. I. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 40: 437-474 (page 437, Revisionary studies)
• Weber, N. A. 1948a. A revision of the North American ants of the genus Myrmica Latreille with a synopsis of the Palearctic species. II. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 41: 267-308 (page 267, Revisionary studies)
• Weber, N. A. 1950c. A revision of the North American ants of the genus Myrmica Latreille with a synopsis of the Palearctic species. III. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 43: 189-226 (page 189, Revisionary studies)
• Wheeler, W. M. 1910b. Ants: their structure, development and behavior. New York: Columbia University Press, xxv + 663 pp. (page 140, Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini)
• Wheeler, W. M. 1915i [1914]. The ants of the Baltic Amber. Schr. Phys.-Ökon. Ges. Königsb. 55: 1-142 (page 59, Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini)
• Wheeler, W. M. 1922i. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. VII. Keys to the genera and subgenera of ants. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 45: 631-710 (page 660, Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini)