Myrmica
Myrmica Temporal range: 50.3–0 Ma Eocene – Recent | |
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Myrmica rubra | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Hymenoptera |
Family: | Formicidae |
Subfamily: | Myrmicinae |
Tribe: | Myrmicini |
Genus: | Myrmica Latreille, 1804 |
Type species | |
Formica rubra, now Myrmica rubra | |
Diversity | |
210 species 13 fossil species (Species Checklist, Species by Country) | |
Synonyms | |
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A common and abundant element of Holoartic ant faunas, especially at higher latitudes.
Evolutionary Relationships | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Based on Ward et al., 2014 |
Contents
Identification
Eguchi, Bui and Yamane (2011) - The worker of Myrmica is somewhat similar to those of Aphaenogaster (see under Aphaenogaster) and Tetramorium. However, in the worker of Tetramorium, the tibial spurs of the middle and hind legs are simple or absent, and the apex of sting bears a small lamellate appendage.
Species groups have proven useful to help organize the often difficult to determine species into more manageable subsets of species. Diagnostic treatments of these groups, and list of species assigned to each group, for many Myrmica species are found here: Myrmica Species Groups. This page does not provide coverage of the North American Myrmica fauna. Some contemporary, albeit preliminary, species group work for North American Myrmica species is found here: Myrmica Species Groups of North America
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See images of species within this genus |
Keys including this Genus
- Key to Ant Genera of the Navajo Reservation
- Key to North American Genera of Myrmicinae
- Key to Vietnamese Myrmicinae Genera
- Key to the Ant Genera of New Mexico
Keys to Species in this Genus
- Key to Myrmica of West Europe and North Africa
- Key to Myrmica of East Europe, West Siberia, northern Kazakhstan, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Turkmenistan and Iran
- Key to Myrmica of species of East Siberia, Russian Far East, Mongolia, Korean Peninsula, northern China, and Japan
- Key to Myrmica of the Middle Asian Mountains
- Key to Myrmica of the Tibetan Plateau
- Key to Myrmica of the Himalaya and Afghanistan
- Key to Myrmica of South and South East Asia
- Key to Myrmica fossils
- Key to Myrmica of China
- Key to Myrmica of Romania
- Key to Myrmica inezae species group
- Key to Myrmica of Vietnam
- Key to Myrmica of the punctiventris group
- Key to Myrmica of North America
- Key to parasitic Himalayan Myrmica
- Key to Myrmica pachei-group
- Key to New England Myrmica
Species Group Keys
Fossil Species Key
Distribution
Distribution and Richness based on AntMaps
Fossils
Fossils are known from: Baltic amber (Bartonian, Middle to Late Eocene), Bitterfeld amber (Bartonian, Middle to Late Eocene), Danish-Scandinavian amber (Bartonian, Middle to Late Eocene), Enspel Formation, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany (Oligocene), Mokrina (Krottensee), Czech Republic (Late Burdigalian, Early Miocene), Oeningen, Switzerland (Messinian, Late Miocene), Parschlug, Austria (Serravallian, Miocene), Radoboj, Croatia (Burdigalian, Early Miocene).
Biology
Association with Other Organisms
Numerous European species are parasitized by Phengaris butterflies. Maturing caterpillars of various species move into the nests of certain Myrmica species and prey on ant brood. They are also able to solicit food from and be fed via trophallaxis.
In Missouri, USA, a Myrmica species (species uncertain) was found as a slave within a nest of Formica rubicunda.
An unknown species is host for the staphylinid beetle Orphnebius lilizheni in China (Jiang et al., 2020).
All Associate Records for Genus
Taxon | Relationship | Associate Type | Associate Taxon | Associate Relationship | Locality | Source | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Myrmica | host | ant | Formica rubicunda | slave maker | |||
Myrmica | host | Staphylinid beetle | Orphnebius lilizheni | myrmecophile | China | Jiang et al., 2020 | |
Myrmica aimonissabaudiae | host | ant | Myrmica ereptrix | inquiline | |||
Myrmica aimonissabaudiae | host | ant | Myrmica latra | inquiline | |||
Myrmica alaskensis | host | ant | Formicoxenus quebecensis | guest | |||
Myrmica alaskensis | workerless inquiline | ant | Myrmica lampra | host | |||
Myrmica alaskensis | workerless inquiline | ant | Myrmica quebecensis | host | |||
Myrmica bibikoffi | temporary parasite | ant | Myrmica sabuleti | host | Radchenko & Elmes, 2003 | ||
Myrmica cagnianti | host | ant | Myrmica kabylica | workerless inquiline | |||
Myrmica colax | inquiline | ant | Myrmica striolagaster | ||||
Myrmica curvithorax | host | fungus | Rickia wasmannii | pathogen | Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 | ||
Myrmica ereptrix | inquiline | ant | Myrmica aimonissabaudiae | ||||
Myrmica fracticornis | host | ant | Formicoxenus provancheri | xenobiont | |||
Myrmica gallienii | host | ant | Myrmica karavajevi | workerless inquiline | |||
Myrmica hirsuta | inquiline | ant | Myrmica sabuleti | host | Elmes, 1978 | workers rare | |
Myrmica incompleta | host | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon albicomatus | predator | Idaho (type), Washington | Novak, 1977 | |
Myrmica incompleta | host | ant | Formicoxenus provancheri | xenobiont | |||
Myrmica kabylica | workerless inquiline | ant | Myrmica cagnianti | host | |||
Myrmica karavajevi | workerless inquiline | ant | Myrmica gallienii | host | |||
Myrmica karavajevi | workerless inquiline | ant | Myrmica lonae | host | |||
Myrmica karavajevi | workerless inquiline | ant | Myrmica rugulosa | host | |||
Myrmica karavajevi | workerless inquiline | ant | Myrmica sabuleti | host | |||
Myrmica karavajevi | workerless inquiline | ant | Myrmica scabrinodis | host | |||
Myrmica lampra | workerless inquiline | ant | Myrmica alaskensis | host | |||
Myrmica latra | inquiline | ant | Myrmica aimonissabaudiae | ||||
Myrmica laurae | workerless inquiline | ant | Myrmica sabuleti | host | identification needs confirmation | ||
Myrmica laurae | workerless inquiline | ant | Myrmica scabrinodis | host | |||
Myrmica lemasnei | workerless inquiline | ant | Myrmica sabuleti | host | |||
Myrmica lobicornis | host | ant | Myrmica myrmicoxena | workerless inquiline | |||
Myrmica lonae | host | ant | Myrmica karavajevi | workerless inquiline | |||
Myrmica lonae | host | butterfly | Phengaris arion | parasite | Sielezniew et al., 2010 | ||
Myrmica myrmicoxena | workerless inquiline | ant | Myrmica lobulicornis | host | |||
Myrmica nefaria | inquiline | ant | Myrmica rupestris | Radchenko and Elmes, 2010 | |||
Myrmica punctiventris | host | ant | Myrmica semiparasitica | temporary parasite | |||
Myrmica quebecensis | workerless inquiline | ant | Myrmica alaskensis | host | |||
Myrmica rubra | host | encyrtid wasp | Syrphophagus aphidivorus | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | associate | |
Myrmica rubra | host | fungus | Ophiocordyceps myrmecophila | pathogen | Shrestha et al., 2017 | ||
Myrmica rubra | host | fungus | Rickia wasmannii | pathogen | Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 | ||
Myrmica rubra | host | pteromalid wasp | Asaphes vulgaris | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | associate | |
Myrmica rubra | host | pteromalid wasp | Pachyneuron aphidis | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | associate | |
Myrmica rugulosa | host | ant | Myrmica karavajevi | workerless inquiline | |||
Myrmica rugulosa | host | nematode | Diploscapter lycostoma | parasite | Wahab, 1962 | ||
Myrmica rupestris | host | ant | Myrmica nefaria | inquiline | Radchenko and Elmes, 2010 | ||
Myrmica sabuleti | host | ant | Myrmica bibikoffi | temporary parasite | |||
Myrmica sabuleti | host | ant | Myrmica hirsuta | inquiline | |||
Myrmica sabuleti | host | ant | Myrmica karavajevi | workerless inquiline | |||
Myrmica sabuleti | host | ant | Myrmica laurae | workerless inquiline | identification needs confirmation | ||
Myrmica sabuleti | host | ant | Myrmica lemasnei | workerless inquiline | |||
Myrmica sabuleti | host | fungus | Hormiscium myrmecophilum | pathogen | Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 | ||
Myrmica sabuleti | host | fungus | Rickia wasmannii | pathogen | Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 | ||
Myrmica sabuleti | mutualist | butterfly | Phengaris arion | Obregon et al. 2015 | |||
Myrmica scabrinodis | host | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon myrmicae | predator | Devon, England, U.K. | Scarparo et al., 2020 | |
Myrmica scabrinodis | host | ant | Myrmica karavajevi | workerless inquiline | |||
Myrmica scabrinodis | host | ant | Myrmica laurae | workerless inquiline | |||
Myrmica scabrinodis | host | butterfly | Glaucopsyche alexis | Obregon et al. 2015 | |||
Myrmica scabrinodis | host | butterfly | Maculinea alcon | Tartally et al., 2019; Ebsen et al., 2019 | |||
Myrmica scabrinodis | host | butterfly | Maculinea teleius | Tartally et al., 2019; Ebsen et al., 2019 | |||
Myrmica scabrinodis | host | fungus | Rickia wasmannii | pathogen | Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 | ||
Myrmica scabrinodis | host | nematode | unidentified nematode | parasite | Csosz, 2012 | infected ant described as ''Sommimyrma symbiotica'', now ''Myrmica scabrinodis'' | |
Myrmica schencki | host | butterfly | Phengaris arion | parasite | Sielezniew et al., 2010b | ||
Myrmica schencki | host | butterfly | Phengaris rebeli | parasite | Settele et al., 2005; Sielezniew et al., 2010a | ||
Myrmica semiparasitica | temporary parasite | ant | Myrmica punctiventris | host | |||
Myrmica specioides | host | fungus | Rickia wasmannii | pathogen | Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 | ||
Myrmica spinosior | host | fungus | Rickia wasmannii | pathogen | Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 | ||
Myrmica vandeli | host | fungus | Rickia wasmannii | pathogen | Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 | ||
Myrmicaria opaciventris | host | encyrtid wasp | Ooencyrtus sp. | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | associate |
Vietnam
Eguchi, Bui and Yamane (2011) - Myrmica species have so far been found exclusively in the mountains of Fan Si Pan above approximately 1,700 m alt. They inhabit sparse to well-developed forests and nest in rotting logs, wood fragments, under stones, in soil around tree bases, etc. Workers forage on the ground and lower vegetation.
Castes
Morphology
Worker Morphology
- Antennal segment count: 12
- Antennal club: 3-4
- Palp formula: 6,4
- Total dental count: 6-10
- Spur formula: 1 simple-pectinate, 1 simple-pectinate;0, 0
- Sting: present
Male Morphology
• Antennal segment count 12-13 • Antennal club 4-5; gradual-3 in some social parasites • Palp formula 6,4 • Total dental count 3-8 • Spur formula 1 barbulate-pectinate, 1 barbulate-pectinate; 0, 1 barbulate-pectinate; 0, 0
Karyotype
All Karyotype Records for Genus
Taxon | Haploid | Diploid | Karyotype | Locality | Source | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Myrmica lobicornis | 24 | Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1983 | ||||
Myrmica rubra | 48 | Switzerland | Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1983 | as ''Myrmica laevinodis'' | ||
Myrmica rubra | 23 | 46 | Japan | Imai, 1969 | ||
Myrmica ruginodis | 48 | Switzerland | Hauschteck, 1965 | |||
Myrmica ruginodis | 24 | Switzerland | Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1983 | |||
Myrmica sabuleti | 46 | Switzerland | Hauschteck, 1965 | |||
Myrmica sabuleti | 23 | Switzerland | Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1983 | |||
Myrmica scabrinodis | 22 | 44 | Switzerland | Hauschteck, 1965 | ||
Myrmica schencki | 23 | 46 | Switzerland | Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1983 | ||
Myrmica sulcinodis | 24 | Switzerland | Crozier, 1975 | 2n=24 is probably a mistake | ||
Myrmica sulcinodis | 28 | 56 | Switzerland | Hauschteck, 1965; Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1983 | ||
Myrmicaria | 44 | Indonesia | Imai et al., 1985 | |||
Myrmicaria | 44 | Malaysia | Goni et al., 1982 | |||
Myrmicaria | 44 | Malaysia | Goni et al., 1982; Imai et al., 1983 | |||
Myrmicaria | 23 | 46 | Malaysia | Imai et al., 1983 | ||
Myrmicaria brunnea | 44 | 24M+20A | India | Imai et al., 1984 | The photo is the ''Myrmicaria brunnea subcarinata'' |
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- MYRMICA [Myrmicinae: Myrmicini]
- Myrmica Latreille, 1804: 179. Type-species: Formica rubra, by subsequent designation of Latreille, 1810: 437; see also Yarrow, 1955b: 113.
- Myrmica senior synonym of Dodecamyrmica: Francoeur, 1981: 759.
- Myrmica senior synonym of Paramyrmica, Sifolinia (and its junior synonym Symbiomyrma), Sommimyrma: Bolton, 1988a: 3; Bolton, 2003: 221.
- Myrmica senior synonym of †Nothomyrmica: Radchenko, Dlussky & Elmes, 2007: 1495.
- DODECAMYRMICA [junior synonym of Myrmica]
- Dodecamyrmica Arnol'di, 1968: 1803 [as subgenus of Myrmica]. Type-species: Myrmica arnoldii, by original designation.
- Dodecamyrmica junior synonym of Myrmica: Francoeur, 1981: 759.
- †NOTHOMYRMICA [junior synonym of Myrmica]
- †Nothomyrmica Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 60. Type-species: †Macromischa rudis, by original designation.
- [†Nothomyrmica Wheeler, W.M. 1908g: 413, and Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 167, nomina nuda.]
- †Nothomyrmica junior synonym of Myrmica: Radchenko, Dlussky & Elmes, 2007: 1495.
- PARAMYRMICA [junior synonym of Myrmica]
- Paramyrmica Cole, 1957a: 37. Type-species: Paramyrmica colax, by original designation.
- Paramyrmica junior synonym of Myrmica: Bolton, 1988a: 3.
- SIFOLINIA [junior synonym of Myrmica]
- Sifolinia Emery, 1907: 49. Type-species: Sifolinia laurae, by monotypy.
- Sifolinia senior synonym of Symbiomyrma: Samsinak, 1964: 156.
- Sifolinia junior synonym of Myrmica: Bolton, 1988a: 3.
- SOMMIMYRMA [junior synonym of Myrmica]
- Sommimyrma Menozzi, 1925d: 25. Type-species: Sommimyrma symbiotica, by original designation.
- Sommimyrma junior synonym of Myrmica: Bolton, 1988a: 3.
- SYMBIOMYRMA [junior synonym of Myrmica]
- Symbiomyrma Arnol'di, 1930c: 267. Type-species: Symbiomyrma karavajevi, by monotypy.
- [Symbiomyrma also described as new by Arnol'di, 1933a: 41.]
- Symbiomyrma junior synonym of Sifolinia: Samsinak, 1964: 156.
- Symbiomyrma revived from synonymy: Seifert, 1994: 15; Seifert, 1996: 236.
- Symbiomyrma junior synonym of Myrmica: Bolton, 1988a: 3; Bolton, 1995b: 47; Bolton, 2003: 222; Radchenko & Elmes, 2003: 219.
References
- Arnol'di, K. V. 1970b. Review of the ant genus Myrmica (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the European part of the USSR. Zool. Zh. 4 49: 1829-1844 (page 1832, Revisionary studies)
- Arnol'di, K. V. 1976a. Ants of the genus Myrmica Latr. from Central Asia and the southern Kazakstan. Zool. Zh. 55: 547-558 (page 554, Revisionary studies)
- Ashmead, W. H. 1905c. A skeleton of a new arrangement of the families, subfamilies, tribes and genera of the ants, or the superfamily Formicoidea. Can. Entomol. 37: 381-384 (page 383, Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini)
- Bolton, B. 1988a. A new socially parasitic Myrmica, with a reassessment of the genus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Syst. Entomol. 13: 1-11 (page 3, Myrmica senior synonym of Paramyrmica, Sifolinia (and its junior synonym Symbiomyrma), and Sommimyrma)
- Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and Classification of Formicidae. Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. 71: 370pp (page 221, Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini; Myrmica senior synonym of Paramyrmica, Sifolinia (and its junior synonym Symbiomyrma), and Sommimyrma)
- Bondroit, J. 1918. Les fourmis de France et de Belgique. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 87: 1-174 (page 96, Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini)
- Brown, W. L., Jr. 1973b. A comparison of the Hylean and Congo-West African rain forest ant faunas. Pp. 161-185 in: Meggers, B. J., Ayensu, E. S., Duckworth, W. D. (eds.) Tropical forest ecosystems in Africa and South America: a comparative review. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, viii + 350 pp. (page 180-185, Myrmica provisional senior synonym of Dodecamyrmica, Paramyrmica, Sifolinia, Sommimyrma, Symbiomyrma)
- Cresson, E. T. 1887. Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America, north of Mexico, together with a catalogue of the described species, and bibliography. Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc., Suppl. Vol. 1887: 1-351 (page 260, Myrmica in Myrmicidae)
- Dalla Torre, K. W. von. 1893. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 7. Formicidae (Heterogyna). Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 289 pp. (page 108, Myrmica in Myrmicinae)
- Eguchi, K., Bui, T.V. & Yamane, S. 2011. Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam. Part 1 – Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmecinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61.
- Emery, C. 1895l. Die Gattung Dorylus Fab. und die systematische Eintheilung der Formiciden. Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Syst. Geogr. Biol. Tiere 8: 685-778 (page 769, Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini)
- Emery, C. 1914e. Intorno alla classificazione dei Myrmicinae. Rend. Sess. R. Accad. Sci. Ist. Bologna Cl. Sci. Fis. (n.s.) 18: 29-42 (page 40, Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini)
- Emery, C. 1921c. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Myrmicinae. [part]. Genera Insectorum 174A:1-94 94: 1-94 + 7 (page 36, Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini)
- Emery, C.; Forel, A. 1879. Catalogue des Formicides d'Europe. Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 5: 441-481 (page 460, Myrmica in Myrmicinae [Myrmicidae])
- Finzi, B. 1926. Le forme europee del genere Myrmica Latr. Primo contributo. Boll. Soc. Adriat. Sci. Nat. Trieste 29: 71-119 (page 71, Revisionary studies)
- Forel, A. 1895b. A fauna das formigas do Brazil. Bol. Mus. Para. Hist. Nat. Ethnogr. 1: 89-139 (page 125, Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini)
- Forel, A. 1899e. Formicidae. [part]. Biol. Cent.-Am. Hym. 3: 57-80 (page 63, Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini)
- Forel, A. 1917. Cadre synoptique actuel de la faune universelle des fourmis. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 51: 229-253 (page 241, Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini)
- Francoeur, A. 1981c. Le groupe néarctique Myrmica lampra (Formicidae, Hymenoptera). Can. Entomol. 113: 755-759 (page 759, Myrmica senior synonym of Dodecamyrmica)
- Garcia, F.R.M., Ovruski, S.M., Suárez, L., Cancino, J., Liburd, O.E. 2020. Biological control of tephritid fruit flies in the Americas and Hawaii: A review of the use of parasitoids and predators. Insects 11, 662. (doi:10.3390/insects11100662).
- Hamilton, N., Jones, T.H., Shik, J.Z., Wall, B., Schultz, T.R., Blair, H.A., Adams, R.M.M. 2018. Context is everything: mapping Cyphomyrmex-derived compounds to the fungus-growing ant phylogeny. Chemoecology 28, 137–144. (doi:10.1007/S00049-018-0265-5).
- Jansen, Gunther and Riitta Savolainen, Kari Vepsäläinen. 2010. Phylogeny, divergence-time estimation, biogeography and social parasite–host relationships of the Holarctic ant genus Myrmica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56: 294–304 (doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.029).
- Jiang, R.-X., Li, B.-Y., Wang, S. 2020. Description a new species of the genus Orphnebius Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) from Xizang, China. Zootaxa 4790, 593–599 (doi:10.11646/ZOOTAXA.4790.3.13).
- Latreille, P. A. 1804. Tableau méthodique des insectes. Pp. 129-200 in: Société de Naturalistes et d'Agriculteurs. Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle. Tome 24. Paris: Déterville, 84 + 85 + 238 + 18 + 34 pp. (page 179, Myrmica as genus)
- Latreille, P. A. 1810. Considérations générales sur l'ordre natural des animaux composant les classes des Crustacés, des Arachnides et des Insectes; avec un tableau méthodique de leurs genres, disposés en familles. Paris: F. Schoell, 444 pp. (page 437, Type-species, by subsequent designation)
- Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, A. 1835 [1836]. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Hyménoptères. Tome I. Paris: Roret, 547 pp. (page 180, Myrmica in Myrmicites)
- Mayr, G. 1855. Formicina austriaca. Beschreibung der bisher im österreichischen Kaiserstaate aufgefundenen Ameisen, nebst Hinzufügung jener in Deutschland, in der Schweiz und in Italien vorkommenden Arten. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ver. Wien 5: 273-478 (page 396, Myrmica in Myrmicinae [Myrmicidae])
- Mayr, G. 1861. Die europäischen Formiciden. Nach der analytischen Methode bearbeitet. Wien: C. Gerolds Sohn, 80 pp. (page 62, Myrmica in Myrmicinae [Myrmicidae])
- Mayr, G. 1865. Formicidae. In: Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte "Novara" um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859. Zoologischer Theil. Bd. II. Abt. 1. Wien: K. Gerold's Sohn, 119 pp. (page 19, Myrmica in Myrmicinae [Myrmicidae])
- Menozzi, C. 1939a. Formiche dell'Himalaya e del Karakorum raccolte dalla Spedizione italiana comandata da S. A. R. il Duca di Spoleto (1929). Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano 78: 285-345 (page 293, Revisionary studies)
- Radchenko, A. G. 1994a. Taxonomic structure of the ant genus Myrmica (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Eurasia. Report 1. Zool. Zh. 73(6 6: 39-51 (page 39, Revisionary studies)
- Radchenko, A. G. 1994d. Identification table for ants of the genus Myrmica (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from central and eastern Palearctic. Zool. Zh. 73(7-8 8: 130-145 (page 130, Revisionary studies)
- Radchenko, A. G.; Elmes, G. W. 2003a. A taxonomic revision of the socially parasitic Myrmica ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Palaearctic region. Ann. Zool. (Warsaw) 53: 217-243 (page 219, Myrmica as senior synonym of Paramyrmica, Sifolinia, Sommimyrma, and Symbiomyrma)
- Seifert, B. 1988b. A taxonomic revision of the Myrmica species of Europe, Asia Minor, and Caucasia (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Abh. Ber. Naturkundemus. Görlitz 62(3): 1-75 (page 1, Revisionary studies)
- Smith, F. 1857a. Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo; Mount Ophir, Malacca; and at Singapore, by A. R. Wallace. [part]. J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. 2: 42-88 (page 70, Myrmica in Myrmicinae [Myrmicidae])
- Smith, F. 1858a. Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae. London: British Museum, 216 pp. (page 114, Myrmica in Poneridae, Myrmicidae)
- Smith, F. 1871a. A catalogue of the Aculeate Hymenoptera and Ichneumonidae of India and the Eastern Archipelago. With introductory remarks by A. R. Wallace. [part]. J. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. 11: 285-348 (page 324, Myrmica in Myrmicidae)
- Weber, N. A. 1947b. A revision of the North American ants of the genus Myrmica Latreille with a synopsis of the Palearctic species. I. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 40: 437-474 (page 437, Revisionary studies)
- Weber, N. A. 1948a. A revision of the North American ants of the genus Myrmica Latreille with a synopsis of the Palearctic species. II. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 41: 267-308 (page 267, Revisionary studies)
- Weber, N. A. 1950c. A revision of the North American ants of the genus Myrmica Latreille with a synopsis of the Palearctic species. III. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 43: 189-226 (page 189, Revisionary studies)
- Wheeler, W. M. 1910b. Ants: their structure, development and behavior. New York: Columbia University Press, xxv + 663 pp. (page 140, Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini)
- Wheeler, W. M. 1915i [1914]. The ants of the Baltic Amber. Schr. Phys.-Ökon. Ges. Königsb. 55: 1-142 (page 59, Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini)
- Wheeler, W. M. 1922i. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. VII. Keys to the genera and subgenera of ants. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 45: 631-710 (page 660, Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini)
- Articles using diversity taxobox
- Baltic amber fossil
- Eocene
- Bitterfeld amber fossil
- Danish-Scandinavian amber fossil
- Enspel Formation fossil
- Oligocene
- Mokrina, Czech Republic fossil
- Miocene
- Oeningen, Switzerland fossil
- Parschlug, Austria fossil
- Radoboj fossil
- Ant Associate
- Host of Formica rubicunda
- Staphylinid beetle Associate
- Host of Orphnebius lilizheni
- Genus with Associate
- Genus with Karyotype
- Genus
- Extant genus
- Formicidae
- Myrmicinae
- Myrmicini
- Myrmica
- Myrmicinae genera
- Myrmicini genera
- Need Overview
- Need Body Text