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Formicoxenus
| Formicoxenus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Formicoxenus nitidulus | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Formicidae |
| Subfamily: | Myrmicinae |
| Tribe: | Crematogastrini |
| Alliance: | Formicoxenus genus group |
| Genus: | Formicoxenus Mayr, 1855 |
| Type species | |
| Myrmica nitidula, now Formicoxenus nitidulus | |
| Diversity | |
| 8 species (Species Checklist, Species by Country)
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| Synonyms | |
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Identification
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See images of species within this genus |
Keys including this Genus
Keys to Species in this Genus
Distribution
Distribution and Richness based on AntMaps
Species by Region
Number of species within biogeographic regions, along with the total number of species for each region.
| Afrotropical Region | Australasian Region | Indo-Australian Region | Malagasy Region | Nearctic Region | Neotropical Region | Oriental Region | Palaearctic Region | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Species | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Total Species | 2851 | 1736 | 3047 | 932 | 840 | 4391 | 1767 | 2925 |
Biology
Association with Other Organisms
All Associate Records for Genus
Click here to show/hide associate data.
| Taxon | Relationship | Associate Type | Associate Taxon | Associate Relationship | Locality | Source | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formicoxenus chamberlini | xenobiont | ant | Manica invidia | host | Wheeler (1904) | ||
| Formicoxenus diversipilosus | xenobiont | ant | Formica obscuripes | host | |||
| Formicoxenus hirticornis | xenobiont | ant | Formica ciliata | host | |||
| Formicoxenus hirticornis | xenobiont | ant | Formica integroides | host | needs confirmation | ||
| Formicoxenus hirticornis | xenobiont | ant | Formica obscuripes | host | |||
| Formicoxenus hirticornis | xenobiont | ant | Formica ravida | host | |||
| Formicoxenus nitidulus | xenobiont | ant | Formica aquilonia | host | Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007 | ||
| Formicoxenus nitidulus | xenobiont | ant | Formica exsecta | host | Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007 | ||
| Formicoxenus nitidulus | xenobiont | ant | Formica lugubris | host | Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007 | ||
| Formicoxenus nitidulus | xenobiont | ant | Formica pisarskii | host | Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007 | ||
| Formicoxenus nitidulus | xenobiont | ant | Formica polyctena | host | Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007 | ||
| Formicoxenus nitidulus | xenobiont | ant | Formica pratensis | host | Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007 | ||
| Formicoxenus nitidulus | xenobiont | ant | Formica rufa | host | Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007 | ||
| Formicoxenus nitidulus | xenobiont | ant | Formica truncorum | host | Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007 | ||
| Formicoxenus nitidulus | xenobiont | ant | Formica uralensis | host | Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007 | ||
| Formicoxenus nitidulus | xenobiont | ant | Polyergus rufescens | host | Wilson 1971; Martin et al. 2007 | ||
| Formicoxenus nitidulus | xenobiont | ant | Tetramorium caespitum | host | Wilson 1971; Martin et al. 2007 | ||
| Formicoxenus provancheri | xenobiont | ant | Myrmica fracticornis | host | |||
| Formicoxenus provancheri | xenobiont | ant | Myrmica incompleta | host | |||
| Formicoxenus quebecensis | guest | ant | Myrmica alaskensis | host | |||
| Formicoxenus sibiricus | xenobiont | ant | Formica clara | xenobiont | Seifert, 2023 | ||
| Formicoxenus sibiricus | xenobiont | ant | Formica pisarskii | xenobiont | Seifert, 2023 | misidentified as ''Formica pressilabris'' |
Life History Traits
- Mean colony size: "a few" to ~100 (Greer et al., 2021)
- Compound colony type: xenobiosis (Greer et al., 2021)
- Nest site: hypogaeic (Greer et al., 2021)
- Diet class: omnivore (Greer et al., 2021)
- Foraging stratum: subterranean/leaf litter (Greer et al., 2021)
Castes
Morphology
Worker Morphology
Explore: Show all Worker Morphology data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
• Antennal segment count: 11 • Antennal club: 3 • Palp formula: 5,3; 4,3 • Total dental count: 5-6 • Spur formula: 0,0 • Eyes: 11-100 ommatidia • Pronotal Spines: absent • Mesonotal Spines: absent • Propodeal Spines: dentiform • Petiolar Spines: absent • Caste: none or weak • Sting: present • Metaplural Gland: present • Cocoon: absent
Male Morphology
- Explore: Show all Male Morphology data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
• Antennal segment count 12 • Antennal club 0 in alates; gradual in ergatoids • Palp formula 5,3; 4,3 • Total dental count 0-4 • Spur formula 0, 0 • Caste alates/intermediates/ergatoids
Karyotype
All Karyotype Records for Genus
- See additional details at the Ant Chromosome Database.
- Explore: Show all Karyotype data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
Click here to show/hide karyotype data.
| Taxon | Haploid | Diploid | Karyotype | Locality | Source | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formicoxenus chamberlini | 28 | USA | Buschinger & Francoeur, 1983; Francoeur et al., 1985; Fischer, 1987 | as ''Symmyrmica chamberlini'' | ||
| Formicoxenus nitidulus | 15 | France | Buschinger et al., 1980; Francoeur et al., 1985; Fischer, 1987 | |||
| Formicoxenus provancheri | 11 | 22 | Canada | Buschinger et al., 1980; Fischer, 1987 | as ''Leptothorax provancheri'' | |
| Formicoxenus quebecensis | 28 | Canada | Francoeur et al., 1985; Fischer, 1987 |
Phylogeny
| Myrmicinae |
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See Phylogeny of Myrmicinae for details.
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- FORMICOXENUS [Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini]
- Formicoxenus Mayr, 1855: 413. Type-species: Myrmica nitidula, by monotypy.
- Formicoxenus junior synonym of Stenamma: Mayr, 1863: 422; Roger, 1863b: 25.
- Formicoxenus revived status as genus: André, 1882c: 273.
- Formicoxenus senior synonym of Symmyrmica: Francoeur, Loiselle & Buschinger, 1985: 347.
- SYMMYRMICA [junior synonym of Formicoxenus]
- Symmyrmica Wheeler, W.M. 1904a: 3. Type-species: Symmyrmica chamberlini, by monotypy.
- Symmyrmica junior synonym of Formicoxenus: Francoeur, Loiselle & Buschinger, 1985: 347.
References
- André, E. 1882d. Les fourmis. [part]. Pp. 233-280 in: André, Edm. 1881-1886. Species des Hyménoptères d'Europe et d'Algérie. Tome Deuxième. Beaune: Edmond André, 919 + 48 pp. (page 273, Formicoxenus as genus)
- Ashmead, W. H. 1905c. A skeleton of a new arrangement of the families, subfamilies, tribes and genera of the ants, or the superfamily Formicoidea. Can. Entomol. 37: 381-384 (page 383, Formicoxenus in Myrmicinae, Stenammini)
- Blaimer, B.B., Ward, P.S., Schultz, T.R., Fisher, B.L., Brady, S.G. 2018. Paleotropical diversification dominates the evolution of the hyperdiverse ant tribe Crematogastrini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Insect Systematics and Diversity 2(5): 3; 1-14 (doi:10.1093/isd/ixy013).
- Bolton, B. 1994. Identification guide to the ant genera of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 222 pp. (page 105, Formicoxenus in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini)
- Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and Classification of Formicidae. Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. 71: 370pp (page 246, Formicoxenus in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini; Formicoxenus as genus)
- Brown, W. L., Jr. 1973b. A comparison of the Hylean and Congo-West African rain forest ant faunas. Pp. 161-185 in: Meggers, B. J., Ayensu, E. S., Duckworth, W. D. (eds.) Tropical forest ecosystems in Africa and South America: a comparative review. Wash (page 180, Formicoxenus provisional junior synonym of Leptothorax)
- Cantone S. 2018. Winged Ants, The queen. Dichotomous key to genera of winged female ants in the World. The Wings of Ants: morphological and systematic relationships (self-published).
- Dalla Torre, K. W. von. 1893. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 7. Formicidae (Heterogyna). Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 289 pp. (page 62, Formicoxenus in Myrmicinae)
- de Bekker, C., Will, I., Das, B., Adams, R.M.M. 2018. The ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and their parasites: effects of parasitic manipulations and host responses on ant behavioral ecology. Myrmecological News 28: 1-24 (doi:10.25849/myrmecol.news_028:001).
- Emery, C. 1895l. Die Gattung Dorylus Fab. und die systematische Eintheilung der Formiciden. Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Syst. Geogr. Biol. Tiere 8: 685-778 (page 769, Formicoxenus in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini)
- Emery, C. 1914e. Intorno alla classificazione dei Myrmicinae. Rend. Sess. R. Accad. Sci. Ist. Bologna Cl. Sci. Fis. (n.s.) 18: 29-42 (page 42, Formicoxenus in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini)
- Emery, C. 1924f [1922]. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Myrmicinae. [concl.]. Genera Insectorum 174C: 207-397 (page 264, Formicoxenus in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini)
- Emery, C.; Forel, A. 1879. Catalogue des Formicides d'Europe. Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 5: 441-481 (page 457, Formicoxenus as junior synonym of Stenamma)
- Forel, A. 1893b. Sur la classification de la famille des Formicides, avec remarques synonymiques. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 37: 161-167 (page 165, Formicoxenus in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini)
- Forel, A. 1917. Cadre synoptique actuel de la faune universelle des fourmis. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 51: 229-253 (page 245, Formicoxenus in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini)
- Francoeur, A.; Loiselle, R.; Buschinger, A. 1985. Biosystématique de la tribu Leptothoracini (Formicidae, Hymenoptera). 1. Le genre Formicoxenus dans la région holarctique. Nat. Can. (Qué.) 112: 343-403 (page 343, 347, Formicoxenus valid genus, senior synonym of Symmyrmica, and revision of genus)
- Jansen, G., Savolainen, R. 2010. Molecular phylogeny of the ant tribe Myrmicini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160(3), 482–495 (doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00604.x).
- Mayr, G. 1855. Formicina austriaca. Beschreibung der bisher im österreichischen Kaiserstaate aufgefundenen Ameisen, nebst Hinzufügung jener in Deutschland, in der Schweiz und in Italien vorkommenden Arten. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ver. Wien 5: 273-478 (page 413, Formicoxenus in Myrmicinae [Myrmicidae])
- Mayr, G. 1863a. Formicidarum index synonymicus. Verh. K-K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 13: 385-460 (page 422, Formicoxenus as junior synonym of Stenamma)
- Rabeling, C. 2020. Social Parasitism. In: Starr, C. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Social Insects. Springer, Cham. (doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90306-4_175-1).
- Roger, J. 1863b. Verzeichniss der Formiciden-Gattungen und Arten. Berl. Entomol. Z. 7(B Beilage: 1-65 (page 25, Formicoxenus as junior synonym of Stenamma)
- Wheeler, W. M. 1910b. Ants: their structure, development and behavior. New York: Columbia University Press, xxv + 663 pp. (page 139, Formicoxenus in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini)
- Wheeler, W. M. 1922i. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. VII. Keys to the genera and subgenera of ants. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 45: 631-710 (page 664, Formicoxenus in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini)