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Pheidole gouldi
| Pheidole gouldi | |
|---|---|
| |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Formicidae |
| Subfamily: | Myrmicinae |
| Tribe: | Attini |
| Genus: | Pheidole |
| Species: | P. gouldi |
| Binomial name | |
| Pheidole gouldi Forel, 1886
| |
In Costa Rica, according to Longino (1997), gouldi is an inhabitant of seasonally dry habitats. He has encountered it in the xeric scrub of Santa Rosa National Park and along roadsides. In Campeche, Mexico, I found a colony in a double-cratered nest in dense bushes of a moist thorn woodland. (Wilson 2003)
Identification
See the description in the nomenclature section.
Keys including this Species
Distribution
Recorded from Campeche and Yucatán, Mexico; Guatemala; Honduras; and the northwestern lowlands of Costa Rica. (Wilson 2003)
Latitudinal Distribution Pattern
Latitudinal Range: 20.4766° to 10.84479°.
| North Temperate |
North Subtropical |
Tropical | South Subtropical |
South Temperate |
- Source: AntMaps
Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Neotropical Region: Costa Rica, Guatemala (type locality), Honduras, Mexico.
Distribution based on AntMaps
Distribution based on AntWeb specimens
Check data from AntWeb
Countries Occupied
| Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species. |
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Estimated Abundance
| Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species. |
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Biology
Association with Other Organisms
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Nematode
- This species is a host for the nematode Mermithidae (unspecified "Mermix") (a parasite) in Guatemala (Wheeler, 1928; Laciny, 2021).
Castes
Phylogeny
Varela-Hernández & Riquelme (2024), Fig. 3. The phylogenetic status of Pheidole praehistorica among fossil and extant congeners inferred from the list of characters (Supp. file 1: Table S1) and the data matrix (Supp. file 1: Table S2), shows the twenty-eight morphological characters to construct the most parsimonious tree. The numbers above the white and black dots represent morphological characters, and the numbers below represent the character encoding. Black dots represent synapomorphies, and white dots represent homoplasies. † represents fossil species from Dominican and Mexican amber. Consistency index = 0.52; retention index = 0.65.
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Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- gouldi. Pheidole gouldi Forel, 1886b: xlii (s.w.q.m.) GUATEMALA. See also: Wilson, 2003: 295.
Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.
Description
From Wilson (2003): A member of the fallax group instantly recognizable by the following traits.
Major: reddish yellow; entire body covered by short, bristle-like, exclusively erect hairs that on each body part are approximately of equal length; all of head, mesosoma, and waist foveolate and opaque; all of first gastral tergite and posterior strips of succeeding tergites very finely shagreened and opaque, and first gastral tergite often with bluish reflections; antennal scape reaches halfway from level of eye to level of occiput; postpetiolar node from above elliptical.
Minor: occiput drawn out into a long neck, with nuchal collar; all of head, mesosoma, and waist foveolate and opaque; all of first gastral tergite and posterior strips of succeeding tergites shagreened and opaque.
MEASUREMENTS (mm) Major (Palo Verde, Costa Rica): HW 1.66, HL 1.72, SL 1.32, EL 0.24, PW 0.78. Minor (Palo Verde, Costa Rica): HW 0.78, HL 1.04, SL 1.42, EL 0.22, PW 0.52.
COLOR Major: body and appendages light reddish yellow (“orange”) except for the gaster, which is medium reddish yellow; first gastral tergite has in addition bluish reflections.
Minor: body medium yellowish brown, appendages light yellowish brown.
Figure. Upper: major. Lower: minor. COSTA RICA: Rio Tempisque, Palo Verde, Guanacaste, col. Charles Kugler. (Compared with syntypes.) Scale bars = 1 mm.
Type Material
Guatemala. Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genoa and Museum of Comparative Zoology - as reported in Wilson (2003)
Etymology
Eponymous, no attribution given. (Wilson 2003)
References
- Wilson, E. O. 2003. Pheidole in the New World: A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. (page 294, fig. major, minor described)
- Forel, A. 1886b. Espèces nouvelles de fourmis américaines. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 30:xxxviii-xlix. (page xlii, soldier, worker, queen, male described)
- Varela-Hernández, F., Riquelme, F. 2024. Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov., a new addition to spiny ants of the genus Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) from Oligo–Miocene Mexican amber. European Journal of Taxonomy 968: 86-97 (doi:10.5852/ejt.2024.968.2719).
- Wheeler, W.M. 1928. Mermis parasitism and intercastes among ants. Journal of Experimental Zoology 50: 165-237 (doi:10.1002/jez.1400500202).
References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics
- Castano-Meneses, G., M. Vasquez-Bolanos, J. L. Navarrete-Heredia, G. A. Quiroz-Rocha, and I. Alcala-Martinez. 2015. Avances de Formicidae de Mexico. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico.
- Dattilo W. et al. 2019. MEXICO ANTS: incidence and abundance along the Nearctic-Neotropical interface. Ecology https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2944
- Fernandes, P.R. XXXX. Los hormigas del suelo en Mexico: Diversidad, distribucion e importancia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).
- Forel A. 1911. Ameisen des Herrn Prof. v. Ihering aus Brasilien (Sao Paulo usw.) nebst einigen anderen aus Südamerika und Afrika (Hym.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1911: 285-312.
- INBio Collection (via Gbif)
- Kempf, W.W. 1972. Catalago abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical (Hym. Formicidae) Studia Entomologica 15(1-4).
- Lachaud J. P., and G. Perez-Lachaud. 2013. Revisión preliminar de las hormigas de Campeche y Quintana Roo, México, con base en la colección de Arthropoda del Colegio de la Frontera Sur. In Formicidae de Mexico (eds. M. Vasquez-Bolanos, G. Castano-Meneses, A. Cisneros-Caballero, G. A. Quiroz-Rocha, and J. L. Navarrete-Heredia) p21-32.
- Longino J. T. 2013. Ants of Nicargua. Consulted on 18 Jan 2013. https://sites.google.com/site/longinollama/reports/ants-of-nicaragua
- Mirmecofauna de la reserva ecologica de San Felipe Bacalar
- Vásquez-Bolaños M. 2011. Lista de especies de hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) para México. Dugesiana 18: 95-133
- Wilson, E.O. 2003. Pheidole in the New World: A Dominant, Hyperdiverse Genus. Harvard University Press