Lasius

Lasius Temporal range: 48.6–0 Ma K Pa Eo Ol Mi Pl Eocene – Recent
Lasius niger
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Formicinae
Tribe:	Lasiini
Alliance:	Lasius genus group
Genus:	Lasius Fabricius, 1804
Type species
Formica nigra
Diversity
140 species 23 fossil species (Species Checklist, Species by Country) Lasius niger Specimen Label
Synonyms
Acanthomyops Mayr, 1862 Austrolasius Faber, 1967 Cautolasius Wilson, 1955 Chthonolasius Ruzsky, 1912 Dendrolasius Ruzsky, 1912 Donisthorpea Morice & Durrant, 1915 Tylolasius Zhang, J., 1989

Lasius is one of the most prominent and familiar of the Holarctic ant genera. From the time of Reaumur in the eighteenth century (Wheeler, 1926), European and North American entomologists have focused attention on it in countless general biological and taxonomic investigations which are today part of the classical foundation of myrmecology. It is probably best known for its conspicuous nuptial flights, its habit of tending and transporting homopterous insects, and the temporary parasitic behavior of some of its species. It has also attracted much attention as one of the several ant genera which have persisted in Europe and North America since early Tertiary times with only a small amount of visible evolutionary change. (Wilson 1955)

At a Glance

• Diploid male

Photo Gallery

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  Myrmecophilus acervorum (Orthoptera, family Myrmecophilidae) within the nest of a Lasius sp. Photo by Thomas Stalling.

Identification

The morphological distinctions between Lasuis and Acanthomyops have always been unambiguous but it has taken a recent molecular phylogenetic analysis (Janda et al. 2004) to settle whether or not these two groups represent two distinctive genera. The latter is well accepted today as a synonym of Lasius. It remains convenient for identification purposes to distinguish Acanthomyops as a distinctive species group within Lasius.

Nearctic species of Lasius with long maxillary palpi, those that were once thought to be distinctive from Acanthomyops, can be determined to species using this key by Wilson (1955) :

• Key to Nearctic Lasius workers with long maxillary palpi

Wing (1968) provides the following in his revision of the Neartic Acanthomyops: Acanthomyops has short, 3-segmented maxillary palpi, while those of Lasius are 6-segmented and long. Another attribute of Acanthomyops that serves as a convenient diagnostic character for field collectors using a mouth-type aspirator is the presence of a characteristic odor produced by the mandibular glands of disturbed workers. This odor, a defense mechanism, is like that of oil of citronella or lemon verbena. As sensed by a collector with normal olfactory powers the odor is pronounced. A few species of Lasius possess a similar odor, but it is sensed, at most, as quite weak. Lasius umbratus probably has the strongest odor of any species of Lasius, yet it is decidedly weaker than that of all species of Acanthomyops I have collected.

• Key to Nearctic workers of Acanthomyops - the short key
• Key to Nearctic Acanthomyops workers
• Key to Nearctic Acanthomyops queens
• Key to Nearctic Acanthomyops males

There is also a somewhat outdated (1955) and restricted (no Nearctic Acanthomyops queens and males):

• Key to Lasius queens and males

See images of species within this genus

Keys including this Genus

• Key to Ant Genera of the Navajo Reservation
• Key to North American Genera of Formicinae
• Key to the Ant Genera of New Mexico
• Lasius nipponensis
• Mycocepurus smithii

Keys to Subgenera or Species Groups in this Genus

• Lasius nipponensis

Keys to Species in this Genus

• Key to the Lasius of the Indian Himalayas
• Key to Lasius-Nearctic workers of Acanthomyops short key
• Key to Lasius-Nearctic Acanthomyops workers
• Key to Lasius-Nearctic Acanthomyops queens
• Key to Lasius-Nearctic Acanthomyops males
• Key to Lasius Nearctic workers with long maxillary palpi
• Key to Lasius Palaearctic workers
• Key to Lasius males
• Key to Lasius queens
• Key to North American Lasius Species
• Key to Lasius Dendrolasius workers of the East Palaearctic
• Key to Lasius Dendrolasius queens of the East Palaearctic
• Key to Europe and Asia Minor Lasius alienus group species
• Key to New England Lasius
• Key to Lasius of Crete
• Key to Palaearctic Lasius s. str.
• Key to Palaearctic Lasius subgenus Lasius s. st.
• Key to Metalasius and subgenera of Lasius of Greece
• Key to Lasius species of the subgenus Lasius of Greece
• Key to Metalasius and Lasius of the subgenus Cautolasius of Greece
• Key to Lasius species of the subgenus Chthonolasius of Greece

Distribution

Lasius occupies a purely Holarctic range. Northward it reaches northern Scandinavia, the Baikal region of Siberia, Kamchatka, southeastern Alaska, and southern Labrador. Southward it reaches Madeira, North Africa, northern Iraq, the southern Himalayas, the mountains of Formosa, the mountains of central Mexico, and northern Florida. Where it comes closest geographically to tropical faunas, as in southeastern Asia, it still retains its north-temperate character, i.e., limited to temperate vegetation at higher elevations and there associated chiefly with typically Holarctie ant genera. (Wilson 1955)

Species by Region

Number of species within biogeographic regions, along with the total number of species for each region.

	Afrotropical Region	Australasian Region	Indo-Australian Region	Malagasy Region	Nearctic Region	Neotropical Region	Oriental Region	Palaearctic Region
Species	0	0	0	0	35	14	21	89
Total Species	2851	1736	3047	932	840	4391	1767	2925

Fossils

Fossils are known from: Aix-en-Provence, France (Late Oligocene), Baltic amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Priabonian, Late Eocene), Berezovsky massif, Zakarpatskaya, Ukraine (Serravallian, Miocene), Bitterfeld amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Priabonian, Late Eocene), Canyon Ferry Reservoir, Montana, United States (Rupelian, Oligocene) (an unidentified species, LaPolla, 2023), Danish-Scandinavian amber (Priabonian, Late Eocene), Florissant, Colorado, United States (Late Eocene), Joursac, Auvergne, France (Late Miocene), Kishenehn Formation shale, Montana, United States (Lutetian, Middle Eocene), Lac Chambon, Auvergne, France (Pliocene), Parschlug, Austria (Serravallian, Miocene), Radoboj, Croatia (Burdigalian, Early Miocene), Rovno amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Priabonian, Late Eocene), Schossnitz (= Sosnica?), Silesia, Poland (Late Miocene), Shanwang, China (Early Miocene), Vishnevaya Balka Creek, Stavropol, Russian Federation (Middle Miocene).

Biology

Within this range it is among the most abundant of all insect genera. In Europe the two species Lasius niger and Lasius flavus are often the overriding dominants of the ant fauna in local situations and under a variety of ecological conditions. In the eastern United States neoniger mounts such dense populations in open fields and lawns that W. M. Wheeler was once moved (1905) to suggest that it might be the most abundant insect in North America. Such a contention would probably be an exaggeration with respect to all insects, of course, yet there is no denying neoniger its importance as a major faunal influent within its range and favored habitat.

Lasius is also remarkable - perhaps unique - among animal groups thus far monographed, in its great abundance, ubiquity, and conspicuousness, and the consequent ease with which it can be found in the field. Anywhere in the northern United States, in practically all but desert and semidesert conditions, it is possible for an investigator to walk onto nearly any plot of ground and within a matter of minutes find nests of one or more species. (Wilson 1955)

Association with Other Organisms

 Explore: Show all Associate data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.

Species Uncertain

• Unknown species of Lasius are hosts for the nematodes Diploscapter lycostoma (Wahab, 1962), Koerneria histophora (Wahab, 1962), Pheromermis myrmecophila (Crawley & Baylis, 1921), Pristionchus lheritieri (Wahab, 1962), the eucharitid wasp Pseudometagea schwarzii (Universal Chalcidoidea Database) (primary host), and the cricket Myrmecophilus acervorum.
• An unknown species of Lasius is prey for the tiger beetle Cicindelidia punctulata (a predator) in the United States (Valenti & Gaimari, 2000; Polidori et al., 2020).
• An unknown species is host for the cricket Myrmecophilus fuscus (Stalling et al., 2015; Stalling & Cassar, 2020; Stalling et al., 2021).
• An unknown species is a associate (details unknown) for the phorid fly Hypogeophora macrothrix (a associate (details unknown)) (Quevillon, 2018).
• An unknown species is a host for the braconid wasp Elasmosomites primordialis (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
• An unknown species is a host for the eucharitid wasp Pseudometagea schwarzii (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (multiple encounter modes; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
• An unknown species is a host for the eucharitid wasp Pseudometagea sp. (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (multiple encounter modes; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
• An unknown species is a host for the fungus Pandora formicae (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
• An unknown species is a host for the nematode Diploscapter lycostoma (a parasite) (Quevillon, 2018) (multiple encounter modes; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest).
• An unknown species is a host for the nematode Pheromermis myrmecophila (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest).
• An unknown species is a host for the nematode Pristionchus lheritieri (a parasite) (Quevillon, 2018) (multiple encounter modes; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest).
• An unknown species is a host for the trematode Dicrocoelium dendriticum (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest).
• An unknown species is a prey for the Microdon fly Microdon ruficrus (a predator) (Quevillon, 2018).

All Associate Records for Genus

Click here to show/hide associate data.

Taxon	Relationship	Associate Type	Associate Taxon	Associate Relationship	Locality	Source	Notes
Lasius	associate (details unknown)	phorid fly	Hypogeophora macrothrix	associate (details unknown)		Quevillon, 2018
Lasius	host	braconid wasp	Elasmosomites primordialis	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius	host	cricket	Myrmecophilus acervorum	myrmecophile	Europe
Lasius	host	cricket	Myrmecophilus fuscus	myrmecophile	Mediterranean region	Stalling et al., 2015; Stalling & Cassar, 2020; Stalling et al., 2021
Lasius	host	eucharitid wasp	Pseudometagea schwarzii	parasite		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Lasius	host	eucharitid wasp	Pseudometagea schwarzii	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	multiple encounter modes; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius	host	eucharitid wasp	Pseudometagea sp.	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	multiple encounter modes; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius	host	fungus	Pandora formicae	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius	host	nematode	Diploscapter lycostoma	parasite		Wahab, 1962
Lasius	host	nematode	Diploscapter lycostoma	parasite		Quevillon, 2018	multiple encounter modes; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius	host	nematode	Koerneria histophora	parasite		Wahab, 1962
Lasius	host	nematode	Pheromermis myrmecophila	parasite		Crawley & Baylis, 1921
Lasius	host	nematode	Pheromermis myrmecophila	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius	host	nematode	Pristionchus lheritieri	parasite		Wahab, 1962
Lasius	host	nematode	Pristionchus lheritieri	parasite		Quevillon, 2018	multiple encounter modes; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius	host	trematode	Dicrocoelium dendriticum	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius	prey	''Microdon'' fly	Microdon ruficrus	predator		Quevillon, 2018
Lasius	prey	tiger beetle	Cicindelidia punctulata	predator	United States	Valenti & Gaimari, 2000; Polidori et al., 2020
Lasius alienus	host	ant	Lasius carniolicus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018
Lasius alienus	host	ant	Lasius claviger	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Raczkowski & Luque, 2011
Lasius alienus	host	ant	Lasius distinguendus	temporary parasite
Lasius alienus	host	ant	Lasius interjectus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Raczkowski & Luque, 2011
Lasius alienus	host	ant	Lasius jensi	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018
Lasius alienus	host	ant	Lasius latipes	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Raczkowski & Luque, 2011
Lasius alienus	host	ant	Lasius meridionalis	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018	unconfirmed
Lasius alienus	host	ant	Lasius reginae	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018
Lasius alienus	host	ant	Lasius umbratus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004	unconfirmed
Lasius alienus	host	fungus	Laboulbenia formicarum	parasite		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission within nest
Lasius alienus	host	fungus	Laboulbenia formicarum	pathogen		Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012
Lasius alienus	host	ichneumonid wasp	Hybrizon buccatus	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius alienus	host	ichneumonid wasp	Hybrizon rileyi	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius alienus	host	mite	Imparipes obsoletus	parasite		Khaustov, 2015	ectoparasite
Lasius alienus	host	mite	Petalomium carelitschensis	parasite		Khaustov, 2015	ectoparasite
Lasius alienus	host	mite	Scutacarus longisetus	parasite		Khaustov, 2015	ectoparasite
Lasius alienus	host	nematode	"Mermis"	parasite	England (Oxford, Cornwal)	Crawley & Baylis, 1921
Lasius alienus	host	nematode	Mermis myrmecophila	parasite	Germany	Gosswald, 1929; Laciny, 2021
Lasius alienus	host	nematode	Mermithidae (unspecified "Mermix")	parasite	Germany (Wuerzburg)	Gösswald, 1938; Laciny, 2021
Lasius alienus	host	phorid fly	Pseudacteon formicarum	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius alienus	host	tachinid fly	Strongylogaster globula	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis fabae	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis galliiscabri	trophobiont		Özdemir et al., 2008; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis gossypii	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014, Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis idaei	trophobiont		Stary, 1969; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis maidi-radicis	trophobiont		Forbes, 1906; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis molluginis	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis nasturtii	trophobiont		Özdemir et al., 2008; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis pomi	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis pseudocardui	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis solanella	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis urticata	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis verbasci	trophobiont		Özdemir et al., 2008; Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Brachycaudus (Appelia) tragopogonis	trophobiont		Özdemir et al., 2008; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Brachycaudus cardui	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Capitophorus hippophaes	trophobiont		Özdemir et al., 2008; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Chaitophorus kapuri	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Cinara atlantica	trophobiont		Favret et al., 2010; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Cinara palaestinesis	trophobiont		Latibari et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Cinara pini	trophobiont		Latibari et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Dysaphis foeniculus	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Dysaphis pyri	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Myzus cerasi	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Neobetulaphis pusilla	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Periphyllus bulgaricus	trophobiont		Mortazavi et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Rhopalosiphum cerasifoliae	trophobiont		Favret et al., 2010; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Rhopalosiphum maidis	trophobiont		Barton and Ives, 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae	trophobiont		Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Sipha maydis	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	aphid	Toxoptera aurantii	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius alienus	mutualist	butterfly	Glaucopsyche alexis			Obregon et al. 2015
Lasius alienus	prey	''Microdon'' fly	Microdon ruficrus	predator		Quevillon, 2018
Lasius americanus	host	ant	Lasius claviger	temporary parasite		Ellison et al., 2012
Lasius americanus	host	ant	Lasius latipes	temporary parasite
Lasius americanus	host	ant	Lasius minutus	temporary parasite
Lasius americanus	host	nematode	Allomermis (sensu Cobb)	parasite	Massachusetts, United States	Wheeler, 1928; Laciny, 2021
Lasius americanus	mutualist	aphid	Forda marginata	trophobiont		Cockerell, 1903; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius americanus	mutualist	aphid	Pemphigus lasii	trophobiont		Palmer, 1952; Cockerell, 1903; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius aphidicola	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius americanus	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004	unconfirmed
Lasius aphidicola	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius neoniger	host
Lasius aphidicola	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius pallitarsis	host		Ellison et al., 2012
Lasius arizonicus	temporary parasite	ant	unknown	host
Lasius bicornis	host	ant	Lasius fuliginosus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018
Lasius bicornis	temporary parasite	ant	unknown	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018
Lasius brevicornis	host	nematode	Allomermis (sensu Cobb)	parasite	Massachusetts, United States	Wheeler, 1928; Laciny, 2021
Lasius brunneus	host	ant	Lasius citrinus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018	indirect evidence
Lasius brunneus	host	ant	Lasius umbratus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018
Lasius brunneus	host	ichneumonid wasp	Hybrizon buccatus	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius brunneus	host	nematode	Diplogasteroides spengelii	parasite		Kohler, 2012
Lasius brunneus	host	nematode	Diplogasteroides spengelli	parasite		Quevillon, 2018	multiple encounter modes; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius brunneus	host	nematode	Diploscapter sp.	parasite		Kohler, 2012
Lasius brunneus	host	nematode	Halicephalobus similigaster	parasite		Kohler, 2012
Lasius brunneus	host	nematode	Koerneria histophora	parasite		Kohler, 2012
Lasius brunneus	host	nematode	Oscheius dolichura	parasite		Kohler, 2012
Lasius brunneus	host	nematode	Oscheius dolichura	parasite		Quevillon, 2018	multiple encounter modes; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius brunneus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis craccivora	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius brunneus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis fabae	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius brunneus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis hillerislambersi	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius brunneus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis middletonii	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius brunneus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis nasturtii	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius brunneus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis pomi	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius brunneus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis spiraecola	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius brunneus	mutualist	aphid	Brachycaudus cardui	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius brunneus	mutualist	aphid	Cinara cedri	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius brunneus	mutualist	aphid	Cinara cupressi	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius brunneus	mutualist	aphid	Cinara tujafilina	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius brunneus	mutualist	aphid	Dysaphis plantaginea	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius brunneus	mutualist	aphid	Hyalopterus pruni	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius brunneus	mutualist	aphid	Lachnus roboris	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius brunneus	mutualist	aphid	Periphyllus aceris	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius brunneus	mutualist	aphid	Pterocomma populeum	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius brunneus	mutualist	aphid	Schizaphis pyri	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius brunneus	mutualist	aphid	Sitobion fragariae	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius brunneus	mutualist	aphid	Thelaxes suberi	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius brunneus	mutualist	aphid	Uroleucon kashmiricum	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius brunneus	mutualist	butterfly	Glaucopsyche alexis			Obregon et al. 2015
Lasius brunneus	prey	''Microdon'' fly	Microdon sp.	predator		Quevillon, 2018
Lasius brunneus	xenobiont	ant	Camponotus fallax	xenobiont	Poland	Czechowski, 2004; Kanizsai et al., 2013	Urban park. In decaying wood.
Lasius californicus	temporary parasite	ant	unknown	host
Lasius carniolicus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius alienus	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018	unconfirmed
Lasius carniolicus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius flavus	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018
Lasius carniolicus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius niger	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018
Lasius carniolicus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius piliferus	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Raczkowski et al., 2011	unconfirmed
Lasius carniolicus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius psammophilus	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018
Lasius citrinus	host	ichneumonid wasp	Hybrizon buccatus	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius citrinus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius brunneus	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018	indirect evidence
Lasius citrinus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius niger	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004	needs confirmation
Lasius claviger	host	ant	Lasius interjectus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Raczkowski & Luque, 2011
Lasius claviger	host	ant	Lasius plumopilosus	temporary parasite
Lasius claviger	host	nematode	Oscheius dolichura	parasite		Quevillon, 2018	multiple encounter modes; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius claviger	host	nematode	Oscheius dolichura	parasite		Nickle & Ayre, 1966
Lasius claviger	mutualist	aphid	Forda marginata	trophobiont		Cockerell, 1903; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius claviger	mutualist	aphid	Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae	trophobiont		Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius claviger	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius alienus	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Raczkowski & Luque, 2011
Lasius claviger	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius americanus	host		Ellison et al., 2012
Lasius claviger	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius neoniger	host		Ellison et al., 2012
Lasius coloradensis	host	pselaphid beetle	Adranes sp. near lecontei		Black Hills, South Dakota	Schwartz, 1895
Lasius coloradensis	temporary parasite	ant	unknown	host
Lasius crypticus	host	ant	Lasius latipes	temporary parasite
Lasius crypticus	xenobiont	ant	Monomorium minimum	host		Mackay & Mackay, 2002
Lasius distinguendus	host	''Microdon'' fly	Microdon devius	predator	Latium, central Italy	Scarparo et al., 2020
Lasius distinguendus	host	fungus	Aegeritella tuberculata	pathogen		Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012
Lasius distinguendus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius paralienus	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018
Lasius distinguendus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius platythorax	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018; Schlick-Steiner et al., 2002
Lasius emarginatus	host	''Microdon'' fly	Microdon analis	predator	Latium, central Italy	Scarparo et al., 2020
Lasius emarginatus	host	ant	Lasius umbratus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004	unconfirmed
Lasius emarginatus	host	phorid fly	Pseudacteon formicarum	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius emarginatus	mutualist	aphid	Anoecia corni	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius emarginatus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis fabae	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius emarginatus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis gossypii	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius emarginatus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis impatientis	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius emarginatus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis longituba	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius emarginatus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis nasturtii	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius emarginatus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis spiraecola	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius emarginatus	mutualist	aphid	Brachycaudus cardui	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius emarginatus	mutualist	aphid	Brachycaudus schwartzi	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius emarginatus	mutualist	aphid	Chaitophorus longisetosus	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius emarginatus	mutualist	aphid	Cinara pini	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius emarginatus	mutualist	aphid	Myzus cerasi	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius emarginatus	mutualist	aphid	Myzus lythri	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius emarginatus	mutualist	aphid	Periphyllus aceris	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius emarginatus	mutualist	aphid	Thelaxes californica	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius flavus	host	ant	Lasius carniolicus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018
Lasius flavus	host	ant	Lasius mixtus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018; Schlick-Steiner et al., 2002
Lasius flavus	host	ant	Lasius orientalis	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004
Lasius flavus	host	fungus	Aegeritella tuberculata	pathogen		Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012
Lasius flavus	host	ichneumonid wasp	Hybrizon buccatus	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius flavus	host	mite	Imparipes obsoletus	parasite		Khaustov, 2015	ectoparasite
Lasius flavus	host	mite	Petalomium carelitschensis	parasite		Khaustov, 2015	ectoparasite
Lasius flavus	host	mite	Scutacarus longisetus	parasite		Khaustov, 2015	ectoparasite
Lasius flavus	host	nematode	"Mermis"	parasite	England (Oxford, Cornwal)	Crawley & Baylis, 1921
Lasius flavus	host	nematode	Mermithidae (unspecified "Mermix")	parasite	Germany (Wuerzburg)	Gösswald, 1938; Laciny, 2021
Lasius flavus	host	nematode	Oscheius dolichura	parasite		Quevillon, 2018	multiple encounter modes; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius flavus	host	nematode	Oscheius dolichura	parasite		Janet, 1893; Wahab, 1962
Lasius flavus	host	nematode	Pheromermis myrmecophila	parasite	Ireland	O'Rourke, 1946; O’Grady & Breen, 2011; Laciny, 2021
Lasius flavus	host	nematode	Pheromermis villosa	parasite	Austria	Kaiser, 1986a, 1986b
Lasius flavus	host	phorid fly	Pseudacteon formicarum	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius flavus	mutualist	aphid	Forda marginata	trophobiont		Cockerell, 1903; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius flavus	prey	''Microdon'' fly	Microdon sp.	predator		Quevillon, 2018
Lasius flavus	xenobiont	ant	Formica aquilonia	xenobiont	Finland	Czechowski, 2004; Kanizsai et al., 2013	Different successional series of rocky habitats. Mound of ''Formica aquilonia''.
Lasius flavus	xenobiont	ant	Formica cunicularia	xenobiont	United Kingdom	Kanizsai et al., 2013; Morley, 1945	Foreshore. Under stone
Lasius flavus	xenobiont	ant	Formica fusca	xenobiont	Finland	Czechowski, 2004; Kanizsai et al., 2013	Different successional series of rocky habitats. In rock crevice
Lasius flavus	xenobiont	ant	Formica fusca	xenobiont	Italy	Balzani et al., 2022
Lasius flavus	xenobiont	ant	Formica fuscocinerea	xenobiont	Poland	Czechowski & Czechowska, 2000; Kanizsai et al., 2013	Grassy mountain slope. Under stone.
Lasius flavus	xenobiont	ant	Lasius niger	xenobiont	Finland, United Kingdom	Czechowski, 2004; Kanizsai et al., 2013; Morley, 1945	Rocky outcrop; shore meadow, foreshore. In rock crevice/under stone.
Lasius flavus	xenobiont	ant	Lasius platythorax	xenobiont	Finland	Czechowski, 2004; Kanizsai et al., 2013	Different successional series of rocky habitats. In rock crevice/under stone/overgrown soil.
Lasius flavus	xenobiont	ant	Myrmica ruginodis	xenobiont	Italy	Balzani et al., 2022
Lasius flavus	xenobiont	ant	Myrmica scabrinodis	xenobiont	United Kingdom	Kanizsai et al., 2013; Morley, 1945	Foreshore. Under stone.
Lasius flavus	xenobiont	ant	Tetramorium caespitum	xenobiont	Finland	Czechowski, 2004; Kanizsai et al., 2013	Different successional series of rocky habitats. Under stone.
Lasius fuji	mutualist	aphid	Stomaphis yanonis	trophobiont		Endo and Itino, 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius fuliginosus	host	eucharitid wasp	Pseudometagea sp.	parasite		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Lasius fuliginosus	host	fungus	Beauveria bassiana	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission within nest
Lasius fuliginosus	host	ichneumonid wasp	Eurypterna cremieri	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius fuliginosus	host	ichneumonid wasp	Ghilaromma fuliginosi	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius fuliginosus	host	ichneumonid wasp	Hybrizon arakawae	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius fuliginosus	host	ichneumonid wasp	Hybrizon cremieri	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius fuliginosus	host	ichneumonid wasp	Hyrbizon fuliginosi	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius fuliginosus	host	milichiid fly	Milichia ludens	myrmecophile	Germany, Norway, United Kingdom	Raddatz, 1873; Okland, 1998; Donisthorpe, 1927; Webb & Ismay, 2003; Poulton, 1919; Milichiidae online
Lasius fuliginosus	host	milichiid fly	Phyllomyza donisthorpei	myrmecophile	Sweden, United Kingdom	Donisthorpe, 1927; Andersson, 1971; Milichiidae online
Lasius fuliginosus	host	milichiid fly	Phyllomyza equitans	myrmecophile	Finland, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom	Donisthorpe, 1927; Okland, 1998; Andersson, 1971; Tiensuu, 1946; Donisthorpe, 1927; Duda, 1935; Milichiidae online
Lasius fuliginosus	host	milichiid fly	Phyllomyza flavitarsis	myrmecophile	Germany	Raddatz, 1873; Milichiidae online
Lasius fuliginosus	host	milichiid fly	Phyllomyza pallida	myrmecophile	Netherlands	de Meijere, 1940; Milichiidae online
Lasius fuliginosus	host	mite	Formicomotes octipes	parasite	Iran	Sevastianov 1980; Rahiminejad & Hajiqanbar, 2020	ectoparasite
Lasius fuliginosus	host	mite	Gaeolaelaps glabrosimilis	parasite	Western Siberia, Russia	Joharchi et al., 2020	ectoparasite
Lasius fuliginosus	host	mite	Imparipes brevibasis	parasite	Western Siberia, Russia	Khaustov, 2015	ectoparasite
Lasius fuliginosus	host	mite	Imparipes fuliginosophilus	parasite	Western Siberia, Russia	Khaustov, 2015	ectoparasite
Lasius fuliginosus	host	mite	Imparipes obsoletus	parasite	Western Siberia, Russia	Khaustov, 2015	ectoparasite
Lasius fuliginosus	host	mite	Imparipes sevastianovi	parasite	Western Siberia, Russia	Khaustov, 2015	ectoparasite
Lasius fuliginosus	host	mite	Petalomium carelitschensis	parasite	Western Siberia, Russia	Khaustov, 2015	ectoparasite
Lasius fuliginosus	host	mite	Petalomium fuliginosum	parasite	Western Siberia, Russia	Khaustov, 2015	ectoparasite
Lasius fuliginosus	host	mite	Petalomium podolicus	parasite	Western Siberia, Russia	Khaustov, 2015	ectoparasite
Lasius fuliginosus	host	mite	Scutacarus flexisetus	parasite	Western Siberia, Russia	Khaustov, 2015	ectoparasite
Lasius fuliginosus	host	mite	Scutacarus longisetus	parasite	Western Siberia, Russia	Khaustov, 2015	ectoparasite
Lasius fuliginosus	host	mite	Unguidispus contematosus	parasite	Western Siberia, Russia	Khaustov, 2015	ectoparasite
Lasius fuliginosus	host	phorid fly	Pseudacteon formicarum	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius fuliginosus	host	pteromalid wasp	Spalangia crassicornis	parasite		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Lasius fuliginosus	host	pteromalid wasp	Spalangia nigripes	parasite		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Lasius fuliginosus	mutualist	aphid	Chaitophorus populeti	trophobiont		Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius fuliginosus	mutualist	aphid	Chaitophorus vitellinae	trophobiont		Molnar et al., 2000; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius fuliginosus	mutualist	aphid	Cinara boerneri	trophobiont		Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius fuliginosus	mutualist	aphid	Cinara laricis	trophobiont		Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius fuliginosus	mutualist	aphid	Cinara pinea	trophobiont		Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius fuliginosus	mutualist	aphid	Lachnus tropicalis	trophobiont		Zhang et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius fuliginosus	mutualist	aphid	Pterocomma pilosum	trophobiont		Molnar et al., 2000; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius fuliginosus	mutualist	aphid	Pterocomma rufipes	trophobiont		Molnar et al., 2000; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius fuliginosus	mutualist	aphid	Stomaphis japonica	trophobiont		Zhang et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius fuliginosus	mutualist	aphid	Stomaphis quercus	trophobiont		Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius fuliginosus	mutualist	aphid	Symydobius oblongus	trophobiont		Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius fuliginosus	prey	''Microdon'' fly	Microdon sp.	predator		Quevillon, 2018
Lasius fuliginosus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius bicornis	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018
Lasius fuliginosus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius jensi	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018	as ''Lasius jensi'' x ''umbratus''
Lasius fuliginosus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius meridionalis	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018
Lasius fuliginosus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius mixtus	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004	unconfirmed
Lasius fuliginosus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius rabaudi	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004	unconfirmed
Lasius fuliginosus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius sabularum	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018
Lasius fuliginosus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius umbratus	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018
Lasius grandis	host	fungus	Aegeritella tuberculata	pathogen		Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012
Lasius grandis	host	fungus	Laboulbenia formicarum	parasite		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission within nest
Lasius grandis	host	fungus	Laboulbenia formicarum	pathogen		Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012
Lasius grandis	host	ichneumonid wasp	Hybrizon buccatus	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius grandis	mutualist	aphid	Lachnus roboris	trophobiont		Paris and Espadaler, 2009; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius hayashi	host	ant	Lasius meridionalis	temporary parasite
Lasius interjectus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius alienus	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Raczkowski & Luque, 2011
Lasius interjectus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius claviger	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Raczkowski & Luque, 2011
Lasius interjectus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius latipes	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Raczkowski & Luque, 2011
Lasius interjectus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius minutus	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Raczkowski & Luque, 2011
Lasius interjectus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius murphyi	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Raczkowski & Luque, 2011
Lasius interjectus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius umbratus	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Raczkowski & Luque, 2011
Lasius japonicus	host	ant	Lasius meridionalis	temporary parasite
Lasius japonicus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis craccivora	trophobiont		Suzuki et al., 2004; Katayama et al., 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius japonicus	mutualist	aphid	Chaitophorus saliniger	trophobiont		Hembry et al., 2006; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius jensi	host	ant	Lasius fuliginosus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018	as ''Lasius jensi'' x ''umbratus''
Lasius jensi	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius alienus	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018
Lasius lasioides	host	cricket	Myrmecophilus fuscus	myrmecophile	Mallorca
Lasius latipes	host	ant	Lasius interjectus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Raczkowski & Luque, 2011
Lasius latipes	mutualist	aphid	Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae	trophobiont		Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius latipes	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius alienus	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Raczkowski et al., 2011
Lasius latipes	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius americanus	host		Ellison et al., 2012; Mackay & Mackay, 2002
Lasius latipes	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius crypticus	host		Mackay & Mackay, 2002
Lasius latipes	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius neoniger	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Ellison et al., 2012; Janda et al., 2004; Mackay & Mackay, 2002; Raczkowski et al., 2011
Lasius latipes	xenobiont	ant	Formica occulta	xenobiont		Mackay & Mackay, 2002
Lasius latipes	xenobiont	ant	Lasius sitiens	xenobiont		Mackay & Mackay, 2002
Lasius latipes	xenobiont	ant	Myrmica hamulata	xenobiont		Mackay & Mackay, 2002
Lasius meridionalis	host	ant	Lasius fuliginosus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018	as ''Lasius meridionalis'' x ''umbratus''
Lasius meridionalis	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius alienus	host	Europe	Collingwood, 1979; de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018	unconfirmed
Lasius meridionalis	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius hayashi	host	Japan	Japanese Ant Image Database	needs confirmation
Lasius meridionalis	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius japonicus	host	Japan	Japanese Ant Image Database	needs confirmation
Lasius meridionalis	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius niger	host	Europe	Collingwood, 1979; de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018	unconfirmed
Lasius meridionalis	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius psammophilus	host	Europe	Collingwood, 1979; de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018
Lasius mexicanus	temporary parasite	ant	unknown	host
Lasius minutus	host	ant	Lasius interjectus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Raczkowski & Luque, 2011
Lasius minutus	host	ant	Lasius speculiventris	temporary parasite		Ellison et al., 2012
Lasius minutus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius americanus	host		Ellison et al., 2012
Lasius minutus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius pallitarsis	host		Ellison et al., 2012
Lasius minutus	xenobiont	ant	Pheidole picea	xenobiont	United States	Gaige ,1914; Kanizsai et al., 2013	Hardwood forest. In a stump.
Lasius mixtus	host	ant	Lasius fuliginosus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004	unconfirmed
Lasius mixtus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius flavus	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018; Schlick-Steiner et al., 2002
Lasius mixtus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius niger	host		Collingwood, 1979; de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018	unconfirmed
Lasius mixtus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius platythorax	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018
Lasius murphyi	host	ant	Lasius interjectus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Raczkowski & Luque, 2011
Lasius murphyi	host	fungus	Laboulbenia formicarum	parasite		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission within nest
Lasius murphyi	host	fungus	Laboulbenia formicarum	pathogen		Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012
Lasius murphyi	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius neoniger	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Raczkowski et al., 2011
Lasius myops	host	ant	Lasius reginae	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018	unconfirmed
Lasius nearcticus	mutualist	aphid	Lachnus roboris	trophobiont		Paris and Espadaler, 2009; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius nearcticus	mutualist	aphid	Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae	trophobiont		Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius nearcticus	xenobiont	ant	Pheidole picea	xenobiont	United States	Gaige ,1914; Kanizsai et al., 2013	Hardwood forest. Under rock.
Lasius neglectus	host	fungus	Laboulbenia formicarum	parasite		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission within nest
Lasius neglectus	host	fungus	Laboulbenia formicarum	pathogen		Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012
Lasius neoniger	host	ant	Lasius claviger	temporary parasite		Ellison et al., 2012
Lasius neoniger	host	ant	Lasius latipes	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Raczkowski et al., 2011
Lasius neoniger	host	ant	Lasius murphyi	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Raczkowski et al., 2011
Lasius neoniger	host	ant	Lasius subumbratus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004
Lasius neoniger	host	ant	Lasius umbratus	temporary parasite
Lasius neoniger	host	eucharitid wasp	Pseudometagea schwarzii	parasite		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	primary host
Lasius neoniger	host	fungus	Laboulbenia formicarum	parasite		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission within nest
Lasius neoniger	host	fungus	Laboulbenia formicarum	pathogen		Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012
Lasius neoniger	host	nematode	Mermithidae (unspecified "Mermix")	parasite	Europe	Wheeler, 1928; Laciny, 2021
Lasius neoniger	mutualist	aphid	Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae	trophobiont		Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius niger	associate (details unknown)	braconid wasp	Paralypsis enervis	associate (details unknown)		Quevillon, 2018
Lasius niger	host	ant	Lasius carniolicus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018
Lasius niger	host	ant	Lasius citrinus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004	unconfirmed
Lasius niger	host	ant	Lasius meridionalis	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018	unconfirmed
Lasius niger	host	ant	Lasius mixtus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018	unconfirmed
Lasius niger	host	ant	Lasius rabaudi	temporary parasite
Lasius niger	host	ant	Lasius sabularum	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018	unconfirmed
Lasius niger	host	ant	Lasius umbratus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004
Lasius niger	host	braconid wasp	Elasmosoma berolinense	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius niger	host	cestode	Mesocestoides sp.	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode secondary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius niger	host	cricket	Myrmecophilus balcanicus	myrmecophile	Macedonia
Lasius niger	host	encyrtid wasp	Anicetus beneficus	parasite		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Lasius niger	host	encyrtid wasp	Bothriothorax intermedius	parasite		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Lasius niger	host	encyrtid wasp	Syrphophagus aphidivorus	parasite		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Lasius niger	host	fungus	Laboulbenia formicarum	parasite		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission within nest
Lasius niger	host	fungus	Laboulbenia formicarum	pathogen
Lasius niger	host	ichneumonid wasp	Hybrizon buccatus	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius niger	host	mite	Imparipes obsoletus	parasite		Khaustov, 2015	ectoparasite
Lasius niger	host	mite	Petalomium carelitschensis	parasite		Khaustov, 2015	ectoparasite
Lasius niger	host	mite	Petalomium crinitus	parasite	Iran	Khaustov & Tolstikov, 2016; Rahiminejad & Hajiqanbar, 2020	ectoparasite
Lasius niger	host	mite	Petalomium nataliae	parasite	Iran	Sevastianov, 1967; Rahiminejad & Hajiqanbar, 2020	ectoparasite
Lasius niger	host	mite	Petalomium podolicus	parasite		Khaustov, 2015	ectoparasite
Lasius niger	host	mite	Scutacarus longisetus	parasite		Khaustov, 2015	ectoparasite
Lasius niger	host	nematode	"Mermis"	parasite	England (Oxford, Cornwal)	Crawley & Baylis, 1921
Lasius niger	host	nematode	Mermithidae (Pheromermis sp.?)	parasite	Austria, Burgenland	Laciny, 2017
Lasius niger	host	nematode	Mermithidae (unspecified "Mermix")	parasite	Germany (Wuerzburg)	Gösswald, 1938; Laciny, 2021
Lasius niger	host	nematode	Oscheius dolichura	parasite		Quevillon, 2018	multiple encounter modes; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius niger	host	nematode	Pheromermis lasiusi	parasite		Rubstov, 1970
Lasius niger	host	nematode	Pheromermis myrmecophila	parasite	Ireland	O'Rourke, 1946; O’Grady & Breen, 2011; Laciny, 2021
Lasius niger	host	nematode	Pheromermis villosa	parasite	Austria	Kaiser, 1986a, 1986b
Lasius niger	host	phorid fly	Aenigmatias franzi	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius niger	host	phorid fly	Pseudacteon formicarum	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius niger	host	pteromalid wasp	Asaphes vulgaris	parasite		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Lasius niger	host	pteromalid wasp	Caenacis sp.	parasite		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Lasius niger	host	pteromalid wasp	Pachyneuron aphidis	parasite		Universal Chalcidoidea Database	associate
Lasius niger	host	tachinid fly	Strongylogaster globula	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius niger	mutualist	aphid	Aphis craccae	trophobiont		Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius niger	mutualist	aphid	Aphis craccivora	trophobiont		Novgorodova, 2005; Kataria and Kumar, 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius niger	mutualist	aphid	Aphis fabae	trophobiont		Liepert and Dettner, 1993; Volkl et al., 1999; Offenberg, 2001; Woodring et al., 2004; Fischer et al., 2005; Detrain et al., 2010; Sanders and Frank, 2010; Tegelaar et al., 2012; Tegelaar et al., 2013; Fischer et al., 2015; Tegelaar, 2015; Vantaux et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius niger	mutualist	aphid	Aphis gossypii	trophobiont		Kaneko, 2003; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius niger	mutualist	aphid	Aphis idaei	trophobiont		Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius niger	mutualist	aphid	Aphis jacobaeae	trophobiont		Vrieling et al., 1991; Müller and Godfray, 1999; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius niger	mutualist	aphid	Aphis pomi	trophobiont		Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius niger	mutualist	aphid	Aphis vandergooti	trophobiont		Woodring et al., 2004; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius niger	mutualist	aphid	Aphis viburni	trophobiont		Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius niger	mutualist	aphid	Brachycaudus cardui	trophobiont		Volkl et al., 1999; Müller and Godfray, 1999; Woodring et al., 2004; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius niger	mutualist	aphid	Callipterinella tuberculata	trophobiont		Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius niger	mutualist	aphid	Chaitophorus albus	trophobiont		Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius niger	mutualist	aphid	Chaitophorus populeti	trophobiont		Fischer and Shingleton, 2001; Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius niger	mutualist	aphid	Chaitophorus populialbae	trophobiont		Fischer and Shingleton, 2001; Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius niger	mutualist	aphid	Chaitophorus tremulae	trophobiont		Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius niger	mutualist	aphid	Chromaphis obiensis	trophobiont		Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius niger	mutualist	aphid	Cinara pini	trophobiont		Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius niger	mutualist	aphid	Dysaphis plantaginea	trophobiont		Nagy et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius niger	mutualist	aphid	Lachnus tropicalis	trophobiont		Sakata, 1995; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius niger	mutualist	aphid	Metopeurum fuscoviride	trophobiont		Volkl et al., 1999; Fischer et al., 2002; Woodring et al., 2004; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius niger	mutualist	aphid	Myzocallis kuricola	trophobiont		Sakata, 1995; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius niger	mutualist	aphid	Symydobius oblongus	trophobiont		Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius niger	mutualist	aphid	Trama troglodytes	trophobiont		Woodring et al., 2004; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius niger	mutualist	butterfly	Glaucopsyche alexis			Obregon et al. 2015
Lasius niger	mutualist	butterfly	Laeosopis roboris			Obregon et al. 2015
Lasius niger	mutualist	butterfly	Zizeeria knysna			Obregon et al. 2015
Lasius niger	prey	''Microdon'' fly	Microdon mutabilis	predator		Quevillon, 2018
Lasius niger	prey	''Microdon'' fly	Microdon sp.	predator		Quevillon, 2018
Lasius niger	xenobiont	ant	Formica fusca	xenobiont	United Kingdom	Kanizsai et al., 2013; Morley, 1945	under stone
Lasius niger	xenobiont	ant	Lasius flavus	xenobiont	Finland, United Kingdom	Czechowski, 2004; Kanizsai et al., 2013; Morley, 1945	Rocky outcrop; shore meadow, foreshore. In rock crevice/under stone.
Lasius niger	xenobiont	ant	Myrmica rubra	xenobiont	Finland	Czechowski, 2004; Kanizsai et al., 2013	Shore meadow; at road. Under stone; between asphalt edge and grass.
Lasius nipponensis	host	ichneumonid wasp	Eurypterna cremieri	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius nitidigaster	host	fungus	Aegeritella tuberculata	pathogen		Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012
Lasius occidentalis	temporary parasite	ant	unknown	host
Lasius orientalis	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius flavus	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004
Lasius pallitarsis	host	ant	Lasius minutus	temporary parasite		Ellison et al., 2012
Lasius pallitarsis	host	ant	Lasius subumbratus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Ellison et al., 2012; Janda et al., 2004
Lasius pallitarsis	host	ant	Lasius umbratus	temporary parasite		Ellison et al., 2012
Lasius pallitarsis	host	fungus	Aegeritella tuberculata	pathogen		Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012
Lasius pallitarsis	host	fungus	Laboulbenia formicarum	pathogen		Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012; Quevillon, 2018
Lasius pallitarsis	mutualist	aphid	Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae	trophobiont		Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius pallitarsis	prey	''Microdon'' fly	Microdon sp.	predator		Quevillon, 2018
Lasius paralienus	host	ant	Lasius distinguendus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018
Lasius paralienus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis craccivora	trophobiont		Özdemir et al., 2008; Shiran et al., 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius paralienus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis fabae	trophobiont		Özdemir et al., 2008; Shiran et al., 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius paralienus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis frangulae	trophobiont		Shiran et al., 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius paralienus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis galliiscabri	trophobiont		Özdemir et al., 2008; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius paralienus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis gossypii	trophobiont		Özdemir et al., 2008; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius paralienus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis rumicis	trophobiont		Özdemir et al., 2008; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius paralienus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis umbrella	trophobiont		Shiran et al., 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius paralienus	mutualist	aphid	Brachycaudus cardui	trophobiont		Özdemir et al., 2008; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius paralienus	mutualist	aphid	Chaitophorus longisetosus	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius paralienus	mutualist	aphid	Chaitophorus populeti	trophobiont		Shiran et al., 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius paralienus	mutualist	aphid	Chaitophorus populialbae	trophobiont		Shiran et al., 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius paralienus	mutualist	aphid	Chaitophorus remaudierei	trophobiont		Shiran et al., 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius paralienus	mutualist	aphid	Chaitophorus truncates	trophobiont		Shiran et al., 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius paralienus	mutualist	aphid	Cinara palaestinensis	trophobiont		Shiran et al., 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius paralienus	mutualist	aphid	Cinara palaestinesis	trophobiont		Latibari et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius paralienus	mutualist	aphid	Cinara pini	trophobiont		Latibari et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius paralienus	mutualist	aphid	Hyadaphis foeniculi	trophobiont		Özdemir et al., 2008; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius paralienus	mutualist	aphid	Hyalopterus pruni	trophobiont		Shiran et al., 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius paralienus	mutualist	aphid	Myzus persicae	trophobiont		Shiran et al., 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius paralienus	mutualist	aphid	Pterochloroides persicae	trophobiont		Shiran et al., 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius piliferus	host	ant	Lasius carniolicus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018
Lasius platythorax	host	ant	Lasius distinguendus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018; Schlick-Steiner et al., 2002
Lasius platythorax	host	ant	Lasius mixtus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018
Lasius platythorax	host	ant	Lasius umbratus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018
Lasius platythorax	xenobiont	ant	Camponotus herculeanus	xenobiont	Finland	Czechowski, 2004; Kanizsai et al., 2013	In decaying wood.
Lasius platythorax	xenobiont	ant	Formica fusca	xenobiont	Finland, Poland	Kanizsai et al., 2013; Włodarczyk et al., 2009	Forest on rocks; clearcut of managed forest. In decaying wood; in tree stump
Lasius platythorax	xenobiont	ant	Lasius flavus	xenobiont	Finland	Czechowski, 2004; Kanizsai et al., 2013	Different successional series of rocky habitats. In rock crevice/under stone/overgrown soil.
Lasius platythorax	xenobiont	ant	Myrmica rubra	xenobiont	Finland	Czechowski, 2004; Kanizsai et al., 2013	Forest. In decaying wood
Lasius plumopilosus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius claviger	host		Ellison et al., 2012
Lasius pogonogynus	temporary parasite	ant	unknown	host
Lasius productus	mutualist	aphid	Stomaphis hirukawai	trophobiont		Matsuura and Yashiro, 2006; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius psammophilus	host	ant	Lasius carniolicus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018
Lasius psammophilus	host	ant	Lasius meridionalis	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018
Lasius psammophilus	host	ant	Lasius reginae	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018
Lasius psammophilus	host	ant	Lasius umbratus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018	unconfirmed
Lasius pubescens	temporary parasite	ant	unknown	host
Lasius rabaudi	host	ant	Lasius fuliginosus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004	unconfirmed
Lasius rabaudi	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius niger	host
Lasius reginae	host	ant	Lasius psammophilus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018
Lasius reginae	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius alienus	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018
Lasius reginae	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius myops	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018	unconfirmed
Lasius sabularum	host	ant	Lasius fuliginosus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018
Lasius sabularum	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius niger	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018	unconfirmed
Lasius sabularum	xenobiont	ant	Lasius umbratus	xenobiont	Poland	Borowiec, 2011; Kanizsai et al., 2013	Stand of oak trees. Under stone.
Lasius sitiens	xenobiont	ant	Crematogaster punctulata	xenobiont
Lasius sitiens	xenobiont	ant	Formica argentea	xenobiont
Lasius sitiens	xenobiont	ant	Formica occulta	xenobiont
Lasius sitiens	xenobiont	ant	Lasius latipes	xenobiont
Lasius sitiens	xenobiont	ant	Monomorium minimum	xenobiont
Lasius sitiens	xenobiont	ant	Myrmica hamulata	xenobiont
Lasius sitiens	xenobiont	ant	Solenopsis molesta	xenobiont
Lasius spathepus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius japonicus	host		Japanese Ant Image Database	needs confirmation
Lasius speculiventris	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius minutus	host		Ellison et al., 2012
Lasius subglaber	temporary parasite	ant	unknown	host
Lasius subumbratus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius neoniger	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004
Lasius subumbratus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius pallitarsis	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Ellison et al., 2012; Janda et al., 2004
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Acyrthosiphon gossypii	trophobiont		Mortazavi et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Acyrthosiphon pisum	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Anoecia corni	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis brunellae	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis craccivora	trophobiont		Özdemir et al., 2008; Mortazavi et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis fabae	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014, Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis farinosa	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis gossypii	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis pomi	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis sambuci	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Aphis spiraecola	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014, Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Brachycaudus amygdalinus	trophobiont		Mortazavi et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Brachycaudus cardui	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Brachycaudus helichrysi	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Chaetosiphon tetrarhodum	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Chaitophorus hillerislambersi	trophobiont		Mortazavi et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Chaitophorus salicti	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Cinara cupressi	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Cinara pilicornis	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Cinara pini	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Cinara tujafilina	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Myzus cerasi	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014, Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Myzus lythri	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Myzus varians	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Neobetulaphis pusilla	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Phleomyzus passerini	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Protaphis terricola	trophobiont		Özdemir et al., 2008; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Pterochloroides persicae	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Pterocomma populeum	trophobiont		Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius turcicus	mutualist	aphid	Toxoptera aurantii	trophobiont		Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019
Lasius umbratus	host	ant	Lasius fuliginosus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018
Lasius umbratus	host	ant	Lasius interjectus	temporary parasite		de la Mora et al., 2021; Raczkowski & Luque, 2011
Lasius umbratus	host	cricket	Myrmecophilus pergandei	myrmecophile	United States
Lasius umbratus	host	fungus	Aegeritella tuberculata			Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012
Lasius umbratus	host	mite	Imparipes obsoletus	parasite		Khaustov, 2015	ectoparasite
Lasius umbratus	host	mite	Scutacarus longisetus	parasite		Khaustov, 2015	ectoparasite
Lasius umbratus	host	phorid fly	Pseudacteon formicarum	parasitoid		Quevillon, 2018	encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest
Lasius umbratus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius brunneus	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018
Lasius umbratus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius emarginatus	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004	unconfirmed
Lasius umbratus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius niger	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018
Lasius umbratus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius platythorax	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018
Lasius umbratus	temporary parasite	ant	Lasius psammophilus	host		de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018	unconfirmed
Lasius umbratus	xenobiont	ant	Formica sanguinea	xenobiont	Poland	Czechowski & Rotkiewicz, 1997; Kanizsai et al., 2013	Clearings in a pine forest. In the sandy soil.
Lasius umbratus	xenobiont	ant	Lasius sabularum	xenobiont	Poland	Borowiec, 2011; Kanizsai et al., 2013	Stand of oak trees. Under stone.
Lasius umbratus	xenobiont	ant	Polyergus rufescens	xenobiont	Poland	Czechowski & Rotkiewicz, 1997; Kanizsai et al., 2013	Clearings in a pine forest. In the sandy soil.

Flight Period

All Flight Records for Genus

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Taxon	Month	Source	Notes
Lasius alienus	Jul • Aug • Sep	antkeeping.info
Lasius austriacus	Jul • Aug • Sep	Schlick-Steiner et al., 2003
Lasius bicornis	Apr • May • Jun • Jul • Aug • Sep	antkeeping.info
Lasius brevicornis	Aug • Sep
Lasius brunneus	May • Jun • Jul • Aug	antkeeping.info
Lasius capitatus	Sep	Yamauchi et al., 1986; Japanese Ant Image Database	Japan
Lasius carniolicus	May • Jun • Jul • Aug • Sep • Oct	antkeeping.info
Lasius citrinus	Apr • May • Jun • Jul • Aug	antkeeping.info
Lasius claviger	Aug • Sep • Oct • Nov • Dec	antkeeping.info
Lasius distinguendus	Jul • Aug • Sep	antkeeping.info
Lasius emarginatus	Jun • Jul • Aug	antkeeping.info
Lasius flavus	Jun • Jul • Aug • Sep	antkeeping.info
Lasius fuliginosus	Jun • Jul • Aug • Sep	antkeeping.info
Lasius hayashi	Jul • Aug		Japan
Lasius interjectus	Apr • May • Jun	antkeeping.info
Lasius japonicus	Jul • Aug		Japan
Lasius jensi	Jun • Jul • Aug • Sep	antkeeping.info
Lasius lasioides	May • Jun • Jul	antkeeping.info
Lasius latipes	Jun • Jul • Aug • Sep	antkeeping.info
Lasius meridionalis	Jun • Jul • Aug • Sep	antkeeping.info
Lasius mixtus	Jul • Aug • Sep	antkeeping.info
Lasius morisitai	Jul		Japan
Lasius murphyi	Jul • Aug • Sep	literature
Lasius myops	May • Jun • Jul • Aug • Sep	antkeeping.info
Lasius nearcticus	Jul • Aug • Sep	antkeeping.info
Lasius neoniger	Jul • Aug • Sep • Oct • Nov • Dec	antkeeping.info
Lasius niger	Jun • Jul • Aug • Sep	antkeeping.info
Lasius nipponensis	Jun • Jul		Japan
Lasius orientalis	Jul		Japan
Lasius paralienus	Aug • Sep • Oct	antkeeping.info
Lasius platythorax	Jun • Jul • Aug	antkeeping.info
Lasius productus	Aug • Sep		Japan
Lasius psammophilus	Jul • Aug	antkeeping.info
Lasius reginae	Aug • Sep	antkeeping.info
Lasius sabularum	Aug • Sep • Oct	antkeeping.info
Lasius sakagamii	Jun • Jul • Aug • Sep • Oct		Japan
Lasius sonobei	Aug • Sep		Japan
Lasius spathepus	Jun • Jul • Aug		Japan
Lasius subumbratus	Jul • Aug	antkeeping.info
Lasius talpa	Aug • Sep		Japan
Lasius umbratus	Jun • Jul • Aug • Sep	antkeeping.info

Life History Traits

• Mean colony size: 3000-2500000 (Greer et al., 2021)
• Compound colony type: temperary parasite (Greer et al., 2021)
• Nest site: hypogaeic (Greer et al., 2021)
• Diet class: omnivore (Greer et al., 2021)
• Foraging stratum: subterranean/leaf litter (Greer et al., 2021)
• Foraging behaviour: cooperative (Greer et al., 2021)

Castes

• Habitus drawings of Acanthomyops (= Lasius), Wing 1968
• 

  Worker

• 

  Queen

• 

  Male

Male

Diploid males are known to occur in Lasius alienus or Lasius niger (found in 2.3% of 44 examined nests) (Pearson, 1982, 1983; Cournault & Aron, 2009).

Morphology

Worker Morphology

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• Antennal segment count: 12 • Antennal club: absent-gradual • Palp formula: 6,4 • Total dental count: 6-10 (0-1) • Spur formula: 1 simple, 1 simple; 0, 0 • Eyes: >100 ommatidia • Scrobes: absent • Pronotal Spines: absent • Mesonotal Spines: absent • Propodeal Spines: absent • Petiolar Spines: absent • Caste: monomorphic, a few species weakly polymorphic • Sting: absent • Metaplural Gland: absent; present • Cocoon: polymorphic

Karyotype

All Karyotype Records for Genus

• See additional details at the Ant Chromosome Database.

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Taxon	Haploid	Diploid	Karyotype	Locality	Source	Notes
Lasius alienus		28		Switzerland	Hauschteck, 1962
Lasius alienus	15	30		Germany; Switzerland	Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1983	n=14 was also reported, Lorite and Palomeque 2010 suggested that such karyotype is due Robertsonian polymorphism
Lasius brunneus	15		1M+3ST+11T	Spain	Lorite et al., 1998a; Lorite et al., 2002b	Karyotype n=16 was reported in Lorite et al., 2002b and suggested that it is due B-chromosome
Lasius emarginatus		30		Switzerland	Hauschteck, 1962
Lasius flavus	15	30		Switzerland	Hauschteck, 1962; Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1983
Lasius fuliginosus	14	28		Italy; Switzerland	Hauschteck, 1962; Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1983
Lasius nearcticus	15	30		USA	Crozier, 1970b
Lasius niger	15	30		Japan; Spain; Switzerland	Hauschteck, 1962; Hauschteck, 1963; Imai & Yosida, 1964; Imai, 1966; Imai, 1969; Imai & Kubota, 1972; Palomeque et al., 1990b, 1990c	In Spain population in Palomeque et al. 1990 variation in the number of chromososmes were reported due B-chromosome
Lasius pallitarsis		28		USA	Hung, 1969	as ''Lasius pallitarsus''
Lasius sakagamii	15	30	2M+28A	Japan	Yamauchi et al., 2001
Lasius talpa		30		Japan	Imai & Yosida, 1964; Imai, 1966; Imai, 1969
Lasius umbratus	15	30		Switzerland; USA	Hauschteck, 1962; Hung, 1969

Phylogeny

Formicinae

Myrmelachistini ⊞(2 genera) ⊟ Brachymyrmex  (41 species, 0 fossil species) Myrmelachista  (69 species, 0 fossil species) Lasiini ⊞(11 genera) ⊟ Cladomyrma  (13 species, 0 fossil species) Lasius  (140 species, 23 fossil species) Myrmecocystus  (31 species, 0 fossil species) Metalasius  (1 species, 1 fossil species) Paraparatrechina  (43 species, 0 fossil species) Prenolepis  (21 species, 1 fossil species) Zatania  (6 species, 1 fossil species) Nylanderia  (157 species, 2 fossil species) Pseudolasius  (66 species, 0 fossil species) Euprenolepis  (8 species, 0 fossil species) Paratrechina  (5 species, 0 fossil species) Melophorini ⊞(9 genera) ⊟ Melophorus  (92 species, 0 fossil species) Stigmacros  (39 species, 0 fossil species) Myrmecorhynchus  (3 species, 1 fossil species) Lasiophanes  (6 species, 0 fossil species) Notostigma  (2 species, 0 fossil species) Notoncus  (6 species, 0 fossil species) Pseudonotoncus  (2 species, 0 fossil species) Prolasius  (19 species, 0 fossil species) Teratomyrmex  (3 species, 0 fossil species) Formicini ⊞(8 genera) ⊟ Polyergus  (15 species, 0 fossil species) Formica  (283 species, 69 fossil species) Iberoformica  (1 species, 0 fossil species) Bajcaridris  (3 species, 0 fossil species) Proformica  (33 species, 0 fossil species) Cataglyphis  (124 species, 0 fossil species) Rossomyrmex  (4 species, 0 fossil species) Gesomyrmecini Gesomyrmex  (7 species, 12 fossil species) Oecophyllini Oecophylla  (15 species, 16 fossil species) Plagiolepidini ⊞(9 genera) ⊟ Anoplolepis  (15 species, 0 fossil species) Tapinolepis  (18 species, 0 fossil species) Aphomomyrmex  (1 species, 0 fossil species) Petalomyrmex  (1 species, 0 fossil species) Lepisiota  (147 species, 0 fossil species) Plagiolepis  (78 species, 10 fossil species) Acropyga  (42 species, 1 fossil species) Agraulomyrmex  (3 species, 0 fossil species) Gigantiopini Gigantiops  (1 species, 0 fossil species) Santschiellini Santschiella  (1 species, 0 fossil species) Myrmoteratini Myrmoteras  (42 species, 0 fossil species) Camponotini ⊞(8 genera) ⊟ Colobopsis  (118 species, 1 fossil species) Opisthopsis  (20 species, 0 fossil species) Dinomyrmex  (2 species, 0 fossil species) Polyrhachis  (793 species, 1 fossil species) Camponotus  (1,504 species, 1 fossil species) Overbeckia  (3 species, 0 fossil species) Calomyrmex  (14 species, 0 fossil species) Echinopla  (39 species, 0 fossil species)

See Phylogeny of Formicinae for details.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

• LASIUS [Formicinae: Lasiini]
  • Lasius Fabricius, 1804: 415. Type-species: Formica nigra, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 338.
  • [Lasius Jurine, 1801: 164 (Apidae), resurrected by Morice & Durrant, 1915: 421, suppressed by Act of Commission.]
  • Lasius junior synonym of Acanthomyops: Forel, 1916: 460; Donisthorpe, 1916c: 276; Morice & Durrant, 1917: 442. Donisthorpe, 1927b: 206; Donisthorpe, 1937b: 132; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 655; Donisthorpe, 1946g: 91.
  • Lasius junior synonym of Formicina: Emery, 1916a: 61; Bondroit, 1918: 19.
  • Lasius as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 172; Emery, 1925b: 226; Wilson, 1955a: 11.
  • Lasius senior synonym of Donisthorpea: Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 172; Emery, 1925b: 226; Wilson, 1955a: 11.
  • Lasius senior synonym of †Tylolasius: Hong, Wu & Ren, 2001: 348.
• ACANTHOMYOPS [junior synonym of Lasius]
  • Acanthomyops Mayr, 1862: 699. Type-species: Formica clavigera, by monotypy.
  • Acanthomyops junior synonym of Lasius: Mayr, 1866b: 888.
  • Acanthomyops revived from synonymy as subgenus of Lasius: Emery, 1893i: 642.
  • Acanthomyops incorrectly as senior synonym of Lasius: Forel, 1916: 460; Donisthorpe, 1916c: 276.
  • Acanthomyops subgenus of Formicina: Emery, 1916a: 11; Forel, 1917: 249.
  • Acanthomyops subgenus of Lasius: Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 172; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698; Emery, 1925b: 236.
  • Acanthomyops revived status as genus: Creighton, 1950a: 426.
  • Acanthomyops subgenus of Lasius: Ward, 2005: 13.
  • Acanthomyops subgenus of Lasius: Boudinot et al., 2022: 135.
• AUSTROLASIUS [junior synonym of Lasius]
  • Austrolasius Faber, 1967: 74 [as subgenus of Lasius]. Type-species: Lasius carniolicus, by original designation.
  • Austrolasius subgenus of Lasius: Boudinot et al., 2022: 135.
• CAUTOLASIUS [junior synonym of Lasius]
  • Cautolasius Wilson, 1955a: 13 [as subgenus of Lasius]. Type-species: Formica flava, by original designation.
  • Cautolasius subgenus of Lasius: Boudinot et al., 2022: 135.
• CHTHONOLASIUS [junior synonym of Lasius]
  • Chtonolasius Ruzsky, 1912: 630 [as subgenus of Lasius]. Type-species: Formica umbrata, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1925b: 232.
  • [Chtonolasius also described as new by Ruzsky, 1914a: 59. The claim by some authors (e.g. Emery, 1916a: 11; Donisthorpe, 1941f: 37; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 633) that Ruzsky nominated Lasius flavus as type-species is incorrect. Ruzsky (1912: 630) included those species "with the appearance of the yellow Lasius (Las. flavus D.G.) and its closely related species, and races (Las. carniolicus, Las. umbratus, Las. myops, Las. mixtus)". This is not a direct nomination of a type-species, nor is De Geer (D.G.) the author of flavus: Bolton, 1995b: 24.]
  • Chthonolasius justified emendation of spelling: Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 170.
  • Chthonolasius junior synonym of Formicina: Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 172; Emery, 1916a: 11.
  • Chthonolasius subgenus of Acanthomyops: Donisthorpe, 1927b: 254.
  • Chthonolasius subgenus of Lasius: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698; Emery, 1925b: 231; Wilson, 1955a: 13.
  • Chthonolasius subgenus of Lasius: Boudinot et al., 2022: 135.
• DENDROLASIUS [junior synonym of Lasius]
  • Dendrolasius Ruzsky, 1912: 630 [as subgenus of Lasius]. Type-species: Formica fuliginosa, by monotypy.
  • [Dendrolasius also described as new by Ruzsky, 1914a: 59.]
  • Dendrolasius subgenus of Formicina: Forel, 1917: 249.
  • Dendrolasius subgenus of Acanthomyops: Donisthorpe, 1927b: 211.
  • Dendrolasius subgenus of Lasius: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698; Emery, 1925b: 235; Wilson, 1955a: 14.
  • Dendrolasius subgenus of Lasius: Boudinot et al., 2022: 135.
• DONISTHORPEA [junior synonym of Lasius]
  • Donisthorpea Morice & Durrant, 1915: 423. Type-species: Formica nigra, by original designation. [Unnecessary replacement name for Lasius Fabricius.]
  • Donisthorpea as genus: Donisthorpe, 1915d: 184.
  • Donisthorpea subgenus of Formicina: Emery, 1916a: 11; Emery, 1916b: 239.
  • Donisthorpea subgenus of Acanthomyops: Donisthorpe, 1927b: 229; Donisthorpe, 1946g: 91.
  • Donisthorpea junior synonym of Acanthomyops: Forel, 1916: 460; Morice & Durrant, 1917: 442; Donisthorpe, 1927b: 209.
  • Donisthorpea junior synonym of Lasius: Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 172; Wilson, 1955a: 11.
  • [Lasius and Donisthorpea share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
• †TYLOLASIUS [junior synonym of Lasius]
  • †Tylolasius Zhang, J. 1989: 295. Type-species: †Tylolasius inflatus, by original designation.
  • †Tylolasius junior synonym of Lasius: Hong, Wu & Ren, 2001: 348.

References

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• Wheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1976b. Ant larvae: review and synthesis. Mem. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 7: 1-108 (page 101, Lasius in Formicinae, Formicini)
• Wheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1985b. A simplified conspectus of the Formicidae. Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 111: 255-264 (page 258, Lasius in Formicinae, Formicini)
• Wheeler, W. M. 1910b. Ants: their structure, development and behavior. New York: Columbia University Press, xxv + 663 pp. (page 143, Lasius in Camponotinae, Formicini)
• Wheeler, W. M. 1916o. Questions of nomenclature connected with the ant genus Lasius and its subgenera. Psyche (Camb.) 23: 168-173 (page 170, 172, Lasius as genus and senior synonym of Donisthorpea; Lasius as junior synonym of Formicina)
• Wheeler, W. M. 1922i. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. VII. Keys to the genera and subgenera of ants. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 45: 631-710 (page 698, Lasius in Formicinae, Formicini)
• Wheeler, W.M. 1915i. The ants of the Baltic Amber. Schriften der Physikalisch-Ökonomischen Gesellschaft zu Königsberg 55: 1-142. (page 120, Lasius in Camponotinae, Formicini)
• Wilson, E. O. 1955a. A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 113: 1-201 (page 3, 11, Revision of genus, Lasius as genus; Lasius senior synonym of Doni*Wing, M. W. 1968. Taxonomic revision of the Nearctic genus Acanthomyops (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Cornell University, New York State College of Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca, NY, Memoir No. 405. 173 pages.