Lasius lasioides
Lasius lasioides | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Hymenoptera |
Family: | Formicidae |
Subfamily: | Formicinae |
Tribe: | Lasiini |
Genus: | Lasius |
Section: | niger clade |
Species group: | brunneus |
Species complex: | brunneus |
Species: | L. lasioides |
Binomial name | |
Lasius lasioides (Emery, 1869) | |
Synonyms | |
|
Nests in the presence of trees, from forests to open areas with at least a few trees present, across a wide range of habitats. In Greece this is a common species, known from all provinces. It prefers warm habitats, such as pastures, mediterranean bushes, luminous deciduous forests. In Achaia, a single nest was reported under a stone in a mountain pasture (Borowiec & Salata, 2021).
Identification
Seifert (2020) - Palaearctic Lasius s. str. species belonging to the Lasius brunneus species complex. It can be separated from its semipatric relatives Lasius brunneus and Lasius silvaticus by smaller head width, longer scape and larger torulo-clypeal distance.
Confusion with Lasius himalayanus is excluded by zoogeography. The potentially sympatric Iranian desert species Lasius excavatus differs by head shape and coloration. Coloration in L. lasioides: head, mesosoma, gaster, femora and tibiae dark to medium brown; tibio-femoral joint region, scape and (frequently) anterior margin of clypeus pale yellowish-brown.
The Holomediterranean population of L. lasioides is polymorphic; there is in particular an extreme variance in scape length. This polymorphism shows a rather clear geographic structuring. Exclusively the long-scaped morph, which corresponds to the types of L. lasioides, was found in Italy and Greece and the islands of Mallorca, Malta, and Sardinia. Only the short-scaped morph, which corresponds to the types of Lasius barbarus, was found in the Spanish mainland and on Cyprus. Sympatric occurrence of both morphs is observed in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Syria, and Israel. The Iberian shortscaped population and the Italian long-scaped population are in contact in southern France.
Keys including this Species
- Key to Lasius of Crete
- Key to Lasius species of the subgenus Lasius of Greece
- Key to Palaearctic Lasius s. str.
- Key to Palaearctic Lasius subgenus Lasius s. st.
Distribution
Seifert (2020) - Lasius lasioides is a Holomediterranean species and presumably the lack of records from Libya and Egypt are caused by a lack of sampling. The most southwestern site is in Morocco at 30.8°N, 8.8° W. The northern distributional border runs along 43.5° N in France, 44.6° N in Italy, 40.5°N in Greece and Turkey whereas the easternmost truly Mediterranean site is at 35.6°N, 36.2°E in Syria. The distribution farther east is poorly known. Samples from two sites in the East Anatolian highland (PR_N 502, 39.43°N, 39.88°E, 1800 m; PR_N 460, 38.63°N, 43.45°E, 2300 m) might possibly represent a separate population or even species with special adaptation to a cold winter climate. A sample from Ghaemshar / Iran (36.46°N, 52.86°E, 49 m) represents the easternmost known site and raises the question if there is a continuous distribution from Syria and Israel east to the northern Iran. The highest latitude site in the Moroccan Atlas Mountains is at 33.00°N, 5.07°W, at 2240 m. It may be expected to have colonized all sufficiently large islands in the Mediterranean Sea which have some tree stands.
This is a common species, known from all Greek provinces (Borowiec et al., 2022).
Latitudinal Distribution Pattern
Latitudinal Range: 43.9512° to 29.833333°.
North Temperate |
North Subtropical |
Tropical | South Subtropical |
South Temperate |
- Source: AntMaps
Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Palaearctic Region: Albania, Azerbaijan, Balearic Islands, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Georgia, Greece, Iberian Peninsula, Iran, Israel, Italy (type locality), Malta, Montenegro, Morocco, North Macedonia, Portugal, Spain, Türkiye.
Distribution based on AntMaps
Distribution based on AntWeb specimens
Check data from AntWeb
Countries Occupied
Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species. |
![]() |
Estimated Abundance
Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species. |
![]() |
Habitat
Seifert (1992) - Lasius lasioides is found in all habitats where at least few trees were present. Recorded were: a sand dune with trees (Malta), pastures with scattered trees which are often Quercus species (4 observations), open Quercus forests (2 observ.), dense Quercus forests (4 observ.), a dense Pinus nigra forest and a dense Abies pinsapo forest (Spain). Despite of similarities in habitat, there is only one observation of syntopic occurrence with L. brunneus in Spain.
Borowiec and Salata (2022) - Lasius lasioides in Greece was observed in the wide range of altitudes from sea level to 1420 m, but most of collecting localities were placed below 700 m. Prefers warm, luminous forest habitats like stream valleys inside deciduous forests, luminous pine forests, seashores with pine trees and frygana. It is common also in parks and gardens inside tourist resorts and urban areas. Rare in pastures or roadsides with shrubs. Never collected in coniferous forests.
Biology
Rigato & Toni (2011) - Species known from Mediterranean Europe, Anatolia and along the Atlas mountains (Morocco). This is the first published record for Sardinia. Pashaei Rad et al. (2018) found this species in Iran on parkland ground in a moderate rainfall area.
Seifert (2020) - Lasius lasioides is apparently dependent on the presence of trees. It inhabits diverse types of broad-leafed or coniferous forest, both such with closed canopies or more open stands, as well as urban areas, gardens, pastures and road sides with at least a few scattered trees. The nests may be found under bark of the trees, on the ground in dead logs, or under stones. Their behavior is similar to L. brunneus: it is fugitive and not aggressive and workers prefer runways in crevices of bark or other surface structures. Development of alates differs throughout the whole geographic range in dependence from latitude and altitude. Eleven observations of alates occurred 30 April – 29 July, ten of these before 8 July.
Flight Period
X | X | X | |||||||||
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Source: antkeeping.info.
- Check details at Worldwide Ant Nuptial Flights Data, AntNupTracker and AntKeeping.
Explore: Show all Flight Month data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
Association with Other Organisms
Explore: Show all Associate data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
- This species is a host for the cricket Myrmecophilus fuscus (a myrmecophile) in Mallorca.
Castes
Worker
Images from AntWeb
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | |
Worker. Specimen code casent0906078. Photographer Shannon Hartman, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. | Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA. |
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- lasioides. Prenolepis lasioides Emery, 1869b: 6, pl. 1, fig. 3 (w.q.m.) ITALY.
- Combination in Lasius: Emery, 1869b: 25 (in text); Emery, 1870: 194;
- combination in Lasius (Lasius): Forel, 1915d: 53;
- combination in Donisthorpea: Donisthorpe, 1915d: 347;
- combination in Formicina (Donisthorpea): Emery, 1916b: 241;
- combination in Formicina: Bondroit, 1918: 27;
- combination in Acanthomyops: Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927e: 189;
- combination in Acanthomyops (Donisthorpea): Donisthorpe, 1927b: 400;
- combination in Lasius: Müller, 1923b: 126; Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929b: 38.
- As unavailable (infrasubspecific) name: Forel, 1904b: 386; Ruzsky, 1905b: 310.
- Junior synonym of fumatus: Emery & Forel, 1879: 452.
- [Note: the reference Emery & Forel, 1879: 452, reverses the seniority of lasioides established by Emery, 1870: 194, but does not affect the synonymy and is discounted here.]
- Junior synonym of alienus: Wilson, 1955a: 77; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1435; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 58; Arakelian, 1994: 117.
- Subspecies of alienus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 182; Cagniant, 1964: 92; Forel, 1915d: 53 (in key); Emery, 1916b: 241; Menozzi, 1925d: 34; Zimmermann, 1935: 49; Finzi, 1936: 191.
- Subspecies of niger: Forel, 1911d: 352; Forel, 1913d: 434; Forel, 1915d: 53 (in key); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 347; Emery, 1916b: 241; Santschi, 1921e: 170; Kulmatycki, 1922: 81; Finzi, 1923: 4; Emery, 1925b: 230; Schkaff, 1925: 275; Soudek, 1925b: 15; Donisthorpe, 1927b: 400; Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927e: 189; Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929b: 37; Finzi, 1936: 191; Bernard, 1945: 137.
- Status as species: Emery, 1870: 194; Bondroit, 1918: 27; Stärcke, 1926: 124 (in key); Stärcke, 1944a: 155; Consani & Zangheri, 1952: 44; Seifert, 1992b: 8 (redescription); Bolton, 1995b: 223; Mei, 1995: 768; Poldi, et al. 1995: 7; Schembri & Collingwood, 1995: 156; Bračko, 2006: 149; Cagniant, 2006a: 194; Gratiashvili & Barjadze, 2008: 136; Paknia, et al. 2008: 154; Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowsky, 2009: 484; Vonshak, et al. 2009: 40; Karaman, M.G. 2011: 85; Legakis, 2011: 27; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2012: 501; Kiran & Karaman, 2012: 12; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2013: 357; Borowiec, L. 2014: 87; Bračko, et al. 2014: 20; Lebas, et al. 2016: 218; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2018: 6; Salata & Borowiec, 2018b: 157 (in key); Salata & Borowiec, 2018c: 46.
- Senior synonym of barbarus: Seifert, 1992b: 8; Bolton, 1995b: 223; Seifert, 2020: 49.
- Senior synonym of fumatus: Emery, 1870: 194; Dalla Torre, 1893: 182; Forel, 1915d: 53; Emery, 1925b: 230; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1435; Seifert, 1992b: 8; Bolton, 1995b: 223; Seifert, 2020: 49.
- Senior synonym of fuscula: Dalla Torre, 1893: 182; Forel, 1915d: 53; Emery, 1916b: 241; Emery, 1925b: 230; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1435; Bolton, 1995b: 223; Seifert, 2020: 49.
- Senior synonym of nigrobrunneus: Seifert, 2020: 49.
- barbarus. Lasius alienus var. barbarus Santschi, 1931a: 11.
- [First available use of Lasius niger st. lasioides var. barbara Santschi, 1921e: 170 (w.) MOROCCO, TUNISIA; unavailable (infrasubspecific) name.]
- As unavailable (infrasubspecific) name: Emery, 1925b: 230; Bernard, 1945: 137.
- Subspecies of brunneus: Santschi, 1936c: 208.
- Junior synonym of alienus: Wilson, 1955a: 78; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1435.
- Junior synonym of lasioides: Seifert, 1992b: 8; Bolton, 1995b: 221; Seifert, 2020: 49.
- fumatus. Lasius fumatus Emery, 1869b: 26, fig. 3 (w.q.) ITALY.
- Synonym of lasioides: Emery & Forel, 1879: 452.
- Subspecies of niger: Emery & Forel, 1879: 452.
- [Note: the species which is referred to as Prenolepis lasioides in the text of Emery, 1869b: 6, is referred to in the list of figures for that paper (p. 26) as Lasius fumatus. Both names refer to the same specimens and hence are automatically synonymous (Bolton, 1995b: 223).]
- Junior synonym of lasioides: Emery, 1870: 194; Dalla Torre, 1893: 182; Forel, 1915d: 53; Emery, 1925b: 230; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1435; Seifert, 1992b: 8; Bolton, 1995b: 223; Seifert, 2020: 49.
- fuscula. Prenolepis fuscula Emery, 1869b: 8, pl. 1, fig. 4 (w.) ITALY.
- Combination in Lasius: Emery, 1869b: 25 (in text), 26 (in figure captions).
- As unavailable (infrasubspecific) name: Emery & Forel, 1879: 452.
- Junior synonym of lasioides: Dalla Torre, 1893: 182; Forel, 1915d: 53; Emery, 1916b: 241; Emery, 1925b: 230; Bolton, 1995b: 223; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1435; Seifert, 2020: 49.
- nigrobrunneus. Acanthomyops (Donisthorpea) brunneus var. nigrobrunneus Donisthorpe, 1926b: 18 (w.) ITALY.
- Subspecies of brunneus: Donisthorpe, 1927a: 8.
- Junior synonym of brunneus: Wilson, 1955a: 47; Bernard, 1967: 358; Seifert, 1992b: 6; Bolton, 1995b: 224; Radchenko, 2016: 366.
- Junior synonym of lasioides: Seifert, 2020: 49.
Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.
Description
Worker
Seifert (1992) - HL 848.1 ± 42.6 (64), HL/HW 1.0688 ± 0.0147 (64), SL/HL 0.9482 ± 0.0269 (64), CLCA 0.38 ± 0.14 (63), PDCL 31.41 ± 7.79 (63), nHS 0.0, nHHT 0.0, nBH 3.23 ± 1.27 (64), nUH 0.20 ± 0.34 (64), UHL/HL 0.0227 ± 0.0361 (64), PNHL/HL 0.1130 ±0.Ql08 (63).
Head: HL/HW (900) 1.059, SL/HL (900) 0.942. Mandibles normally 7-toothed (7.02 ± 0.53, 6-8, n = 27). Frontal line clearly visible. Carina well developed in center of clypeus, in anterior and posterior part frequently absent, lateral clypeal profile very convex. Genal setae completely absent. Mesosoma: reminiscent of Lasius brunneus; propodeum in lateral view with very straight posterior slope and conic dome, which is frequently slightly higher than promesonotum, mesopropodeal depression on average deeper than in L. brunneus. ScaIe: in anterior view wider than in L. brunneus and with moderately convex sides, always at least slightly emarginated; scale in lateral view thin and with convex anterior and straight posterior profile. Scape and hindtibia: seta and pubescence condition as in L. brunneus. Surface characters: very similar to L. brunneus; dorsal head with rather dilute, very appressed (0-10°) pubescence, PLF 20-26 µm; cuticular surface mildly shining, with weak micropunctures and weak microreticulum. Frontal pronotum with fine microreticulum and less dilute pubescence compared to head. Clypeal pubescence very sparse. Colour: head, meso soma, gaster, femora and tibiae dark to medium brown; tibio-femoral joint region, scape and (frequently) anterior margin of clypeus pale yellowish brown.
Borowiec and Salata (2022) - Moderately large, HL 0.705-0.934 (mean 0.841), HW 0.650-0.936 (mean 0.784), ML 0.78-1.08. Scape moderately elongate, SL 0.704-0.907 (mean 0.802). Color. Body, femora and tibiae usually unicolor pale brown except yellowish to pale yellowish- brown to reddish brown tibio-femoral joint region, scape and often also anterior margin of clypeus. Occasionally mesosoma slightly paler than head and gaster or whole body pale yellowish-brown but body never appears distinctly bicolor. Structure and setation. Head oval, slightly longer than wide, with rounded sides, occipital margin of head straight to slightly concave. Occipital part of head with 6-8 erected setae also mesosomal dorsum with only few erected setae, genal setae absent. Below propodeal spiracle 0-3 erected setae. Mandibles usually with 7 dents. Antennal scapi and tibiae with smooth pubescence lacking erected setae. Ventral surface of fore femora with 3-6 and mid femora 1-4 erected setae, of hind femora without setae or 1-3 in basal half of femur, anterior surface of fore coxa with several long erected setae. Pubescence on the whole body and appendages very smooth, appressed and short. Pubescence of clypeus short and sparse. Frontal and mesosomal pubescence very smooth, appressed and short, all body surface completely smooth, surface moderately shinning, with weak microsculpture. Gaster with very smooth, appressed and short pubescence, surface of gastral tergites distinctly sculptured , First gastral tergite in central part with several erected setae. Propodeum in lateral view with straight anterior and posterior surface, conical and equal in height to mesonotum, metanotal groove deep.
Queen
Seifert (1992) - N=7: HL 1234.9 ± 26.8, HW 1396.3 ± 50.4, ML 2470.9 ± 64.7, HL/HW 0.885 ± 0.0243, SL/HL 0.887 ± 0.0137, SL/HW 0.785 ± 0.0191, MH/ML 0.462 ± 0.0172, PDCL 20.86 ± 4.71, nHS 0.0, nHHT 0.0, nBH 1.14 ± 0.80, nUH 0.71 ± 1.07, PNHL 139.1 ± 12.4. Lectotype (n=1) NHMW: HL 1225, HW 1401, ML 2535, HLlHW 0.874, SLlHL 0.883, SLIHW 0.772, MH/ML0.471, PDCL 18.6, nHS 0, nHHT 0, nB H 0.5, nUH 0, PNHL 118, MW/ML 0.632.
Head: short, occipital margin straight; frontal groove fully developed from frontal triangle to midocellus, set in the middle of a shallow trough; mandibles in the 4 specimens with fully visible masticatory border 7-toothed. Genal setae completely absent. Mesosoma: strongly flattened, much wider than high. Scale: wide, clearly emarginate and with more rounded dorsal corners compared to Lasius brunneus. Scape and hindtibia: seta and pubescence condition as in worker. Surface characters: frontal head in overall appearance very smooth and moderately shining, micropunctures slightly weaker than in L. brunneus, weak microreticulum; pubescence 10-20°, PLF 30-45 !lm. Colour: head, mesosoma and gaster dark reddish brown; scape and tibiae yellowish.
Type Material
Seifert (2020) - Lectotype, an alate gyne, labelled by Mayr ”Neapel Emery“, ”Collect. G.Mayr“, ”L. fumatus m., lasioides m., det. Emery“ and ”lectotype, des. E.O.Wilson“; 1 paralectotype worker labelled by Mayr ”Neapel Col. G.Mayr“, ”L. fumatus m., lasioides m., det. Emery“ and ”Typus“; both specimens in Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna.
Seifert (1992) - The lectotype queen in the NHMW is in good condition and is labelled: 'L. fumatus m., lasioides m., det. Emery, Neapel, Emery, Collect. G. Mayr' and 'Lectotype, des. E. O. Wilson.' The lectotype is probably the only original material of Emery that is still available (a search in the Emery collection in Musee d'Histoire Naturelle Genève was negative). The specimen compares well with the worker attributed queens from Malta, Mallorca, and Algeria.
References
- Seifert, B. 1992b. A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the ant subgenus Lasius s.str. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Abh. Ber. Naturkundemus. Görlitz 66(5): 1-67.
- Agosti, D.; Collingwood, C. A. 1987a. A provisional list of the Balkan ants (Hym. Formicidae) and a key to the worker caste. I. Synonymic list. Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 60: 51-62 (page 58, Junior synonym of alienus [Repeat of this synonymy in Arakelian, 1994: 117, is ignored]. )
- Borowiec, L. & Salata, S. 2013. Ants of Greece – additions and corrections (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Genus (Wroclaw) 24, 335-401.
- Borowiec, L. 2014. Catalogue of ants of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin and adjacent regions (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus (Wroclaw) 25(1-2): 1-340.
- Borowiec, L., Lebas, C., Salata, S. 2022. Notes on ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from three northern Aegean islands – Lemnos, Samothraki and Thasos. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology 31: 1-14 (doi:10.5281/ZENODO.7346453).
- Borowiec, L., Salata, S. 2021. Notes on ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Western Greece. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom Entomology 30: 1-23 (doi:10.5281/ZENODO.5571258).
- Borowiec, L., Salata, S. 2022. A monographic review of ants of Greece (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Vol. 1. Introduction and review of all subfamilies except the subfamily Myrmicinae. Part 1: text. Natural History Monographs of the Upper Silesian Museum 1: 1-297.
- Borowiec, L., Salata, S. 2022. Notes on ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Thassos Island, Greece. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology 31 (online 2): 1-15 (doi:10.5281/ZENODO.6123287).
- Borowiec, L., van Delft, J.P.L., van Delft, J.J.C.W., Salata, S. 2023. Five ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) new to the Greek fauna with notes on ants from Greek Thrace. Annales of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology 32 (online 008), 1-13 (doi:10.5281/ZENODO.10101028).
- Borowiec, L., Wieczorek, K., Salata, S. 2021. Review of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Dodecanese Archipelago, Greece. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom Entomology 30: 1-33 (doi:10.5281/ZENODO.5571270).
- Boudinot, B.E., Borowiec, M.L., Prebus, M.M. 2022. Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 47, 113-151 (doi:10.1111/syen.12522).
- Bracko, G., Cesnik, L. 2016. First records of six ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) for Slovenia. Natura Sloveniae 18(2): 39-46.
- Bracko, G., Wagner, H.C., Schulz, A., Gioahin, E., Maticic, J., Trantnik, A. 2014. New investigation and a revised checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Republic of Macedonia. North-Western Journal of Zoology 10: 10-24.
- Casiraghi, A., Espadaler, X., Pérez Hidalgo, N., Gómez, K. 2020. Two additions to the Iberian myrmecofauna: Crematogaster inermis Mayr, 1862, a newly established, tree-nesting species, and Trichomyrmex mayri (Forel, 1902), an emerging exotic species temporarily nesting in Spain (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 78, 57–68 (doi:10.3897/jhr.78.51858).
- Catarineu, C., Barberá, G.G., Reyes-López, J.L. 2018. Zoogeography of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of southeastern Iberian Peninsula. Sociobiology 65, 383-396 (doi:10.13102/sociobiology.v65i3.2822).
- Dalla Torre, K. W. von. 1893. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 7. Formicidae (Heterogyna). Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 289 pp. (page 182, Senior synonym of fuscula, Variety/subspecies of alienus)
- Emery, C. 1869b. Enumerazione dei formicidi che rinvengonsi nei contorni di Napoli con descrizioni di specie nuove o meno conosciute. Ann. Accad. Aspir. Nat. Secunda Era 2: 1-26 (page 6, pl. 1, fig. 3 worker, queen, male described)
- Emery, C. 1870. Studi mirmecologici. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 2: 193-201 (page 194, Combination in Lasius, Senior synonym of fumatus)
- Emery, C. 1916a [1915]. Fauna entomologica italiana. I. Hymenoptera.-Formicidae. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 47: 79-275 (page 241, Variety/subspecies of niger)
- Forel, A. 1913d. Fourmis de la faune méditerranéenne récoltées par MM. U. et J. Sahlberg. Rev. Suisse Zool. 21: 427-438 (page 434, Variety/subspecies of niger)
- Frizzi, F., Masoni, A., Ottonetti, L., Tucci, L., Santini, G. 2020. Resource-dependent mutual association with sap-feeders and a high predation rate in the ant Crematogaster scutellaris: help or harm in olive pest control? BioControl 65, 601–611. (doi:10.1007/s10526-020-10028-9).
- Kiran, K., Karaman, C. 2020. Additions to the ant fauna of Turkey (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Zoosystema 42(18), 285-329 (doi:10.5252/zoosystema2020v42a18).
- Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, N. N. 1927e. Contributions to the knowledge of the myrmecology of Turkestan. III. Rus. Entomol. Obozr. 21: 186-196 (page 189, Combination in Acanthomyops)
- Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, N. N. 1929b. Die Ameisenfauna Daghestans. Zool. Anz. 83: 34-45 (page 38, Combination in Lasius)
- Menozzi, C. 1925d [1924]. Res mutinenses. Formicidae (Hymenoptera). Atti Soc. Nat. Mat. Modena 55[=(6)3 3: 22-47 (page 34, Variety/subspecies of nigersta)
- Müller, G. 1923b. Le formiche della Venezia Guilia e della Dalmazia. Boll. Soc. Adriat. Sci. Nat. Trieste 28: 11-180 (page 126, Combination in Lasius)
- Pashaei Rad, S., Taylor, B., Torabi, R., Aram, E., Abolfathi, G., Afshari, R., Borjali, F., Ghatei, M., Hediary, F., Jazini, F., Heidary Kiah, V., Mahmoudi, Z., Safariyan, F., Seiri, M. 2018. Further records of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 64, 145-159 (doi:10.1080/09397140.2018.1442301).
- Rigato, F.; Toni, I. 2011. Short notes 21. Hymenoptera, Formicidae. Pp. 873-882 in: Nardi, G.; Whitmore, D.; Bardiani, M.; Birtele, D.; Mason, F.; Spada, L.; Cerretti, P. (eds.) 2011. Biodiversity of Marganai and Montimannu (Sardinia). Research in the framework of the ICP Forests network. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 5. Sommacampagna, Verona: Cierre Edizioni, 896 pp.
- Salata, S., Borowiec, L., Trichas, A. 2020. Review of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Crete, with keys to species determination and zoogeographical remarks. Monographs of the Upper Silesian Museum No 12: 5–296 (doi:10.5281/ZENODO.3738001).
- Schär, S., Menchetti, M., Schifani, E., Hinojosa, J.C., Platania, L., Dapporto, L., Vila, R. 2020. Integrative biodiversity inventory of ants from a Sicilian archipelago reveals high diversity on young volcanic islands (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Organisms Diversity, Evolution 20, 405–416 (doi:10.1007/s13127-020-00442-3).
- Schifani, E., Csősz, S., Viviano, R., Alicata, A. 2021. Ant diversity on the largest Mediterranean islands: on the presence or absence of 28 species in Sicily (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Natural History Sciences 8, 55–70 (doi:10.4081/nhs.2021.532).
- Schifani, E., Nalini, E., Gentile, V., Alamanni, F., Ancona, C., Caria, M., Cillo, D., Bazzato, E. 2021. Ants of Sardinia: An updated checklist based on new faunistic, morphological and biogeographical notes. Redia 104, 21–35 (doi:10.19263/redia-104.21.03).
- Seifert, B. 2020. A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s.str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Soil Organisms 92(1): 15-86 (doi:10.25674/so92iss1pp15).
- Snegovaya, N., Shigayev, C. 2021. A checklist of the ants (Insecta, Formicidae) of Azerbaijan Republic. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 17(2): 179-207 (doi:10.22067/ijab.2022.67343.1000).
- Stärcke, A. 1944b. Retouches sur quelques fourmis d'Europe. III. Autres Lasius. Entomol. Ber. (Amst.) 11: 153-158 (page 155, Revived status as species)
- Wilson, E. O. 1955a. A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology.113:1-201.
References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics
- Abril S., C. Gómez. 2012. Lista actualizada de las especies de hormigas de Menorca (Islas Baleares, España) y primera cita de Monomorium andrei Saunders, 1890 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) de la isla Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa 50: 403-407.
- Aldawood AS, Sharaf MR (2011) Monomorium dryhimi sp. n., a new ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of the M. monomorium group from Saudi Arabia, with a key to the Arabian Monomorium monomorium-group. ZooKeys 106: 4754. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.106.139
- Andoni V. 1977. Kontribut mbi Himenopteret e familjes Formicidae te vendit tone. Buletini I Shkencave te Natyres 31(2): 93-101.
- AntArea. Accessed on February 5th 2014 at http://antarea.fr/fourmi/
- Antarea (Personal Communication - Rumsais Blatrix- 27 April 2018)
- Antarea (at www.antarea.fr on June 11th 2017)
- Asociacion Iberica de Mirmecologia. 2011. List of species collected during the Taxomara Lisboa 2010. Iberomyrmex 3: 32-33.
- Asociacion Iberica de Mirmecologia. 2011. List of species collected during the Taxomara Lisboa 2011. Iberomyrmex 3: 30-31.
- Asociacion Iberica de Mirmecologia. 2012. List of species collected during the Taxomara Tres Cantos 2012. Iberomyrmex 4: 17-18.
- Borowiec L. 2014. Catalogue of ants of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin and adjacent regions (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus (Wroclaw) 25(1-2): 1-340.
- Borowiec L., C. Galkowski, and S. Salata. 2015. What is Tetramorium semilaeve André, 1883? (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 512:39-62.
- Borowiec L., and S. Salata. 2012. Ants of Greece - Checklist, comments and new faunistic data (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus 23(4): 461-563.
- Borowiec L., and S. Salata. 2013. Ants of Greece additions and corrections (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus (Wroclaw) 24(3-4): 335-401.
- Borowiec L., and S. Salata. 2017. Ants of the Peloponnese, Greece (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Polish Journal of Entomology 86: 193-236.
- Borowiec L., and S. Salata. 2018. Notes on ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Samos Island, Greece. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom Entomology 27: 1-13.
- Bracko G., H. C. Wagner, A. Schulz, E. Gioahim, J. Maticic, and A. Tratnik. 2014. New investigation and a revised checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Republic of Macedonia. North-Western Journal of Zoology 10(1): 10-24.
- Bracko G., K. Kiran, C. Karaman, S. Salata, and L. Borowiec. 2016. Survey of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Greek Thrace. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e7945. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.4.e7945
- Bracko G., and L. Cesnik. 2016. Fist records of six ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) for Slovenia. Natura Sloveniae 18(2): 39-46.
- Bracko, G. 2006. Review of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera:Formicidae) of Croatia. Acta Entomologica Slovenica 14(2): 131-156.
- Bracko, G.. "Review of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Croatia." Acta Entomologica Slovenica Vol 14 st (2006): 131-156.
- Cagniant, H. 2006. Liste actualisée des fourmis du Maroc. Myrmecologische Nachrichten 8: 193-200.
- Casevitz-Weulersse J., and C. Galkowski. 2009. Liste actualisee des Fourmis de France (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 114: 475-510.
- Castracani C., D. A. Grasso, A. Fanfani, and A. Mori. 2010. The ant fauna of Castelporziano Presidential Reserve (Rome, Italy) as a model for the analysis of ant community structure in relation to environmental variation in Mediterranean ecosystems. J Insect Conserv 14: 585594.
- Consani M., and P. Zangheri. 1952. Fauna di Romagna. Imenotteri - Formicidi. Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 31: 38-48.
- Czechowski W., A. Radchenko, W. Czechowska and K. Vepsäläinen. 2012. The ants of Poland with reference to the myrmecofauna of Europe. Fauna Poloniae 4. Warsaw: Natura Optima Dux Foundation, 1-496 pp
- Emery C. 1869. Enumerazione dei formicidi che rinvengonsi nei contorni di Napoli con descrizioni di specie nuove o meno conosciute. Ann. Accad. Aspir. Nat. Secunda Era 2: 1-26.
- Emery C. 1916. Fauna entomologica italiana. I. Hymenoptera.-Formicidae. Bullettino della Società Entomologica Italiana 47: 79-275.
- Espadaler X. F. Garcia, K. Gomez, S. Serrano, and R. Vila. 2009. Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Mont-Rebei gorge (Pallars Jussà). Boletín Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa 44: 393399.
- Espadaler X., F. Garcia, X. Roig, and R. Vila. 2013. Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Castell de Montesquiu park (Osona, north-east of the Iberian Peninsula). Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (S.E.A.) 53: 223-227.
- Espadaler, X., and X. Roig. "Ants from the Montnegre-Corredor Natural Park with description of the male lasius cinereus Seifert." Miscellanea Zoologica 23 (2) (2001): 45-53. Abstract
- Forel A. 1904. Note sur les fourmis du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences à St. Pétersbourg. Ezheg. Zool. Muz. 8: 368-388.
- Forel A. 1909. Études myrmécologiques en 1909. Fourmis de Barbarie et de Ceylan. Nidification des Polyrhachis. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 45: 369-407.
- Forel A. 1911. Fourmis nouvelles ou intéressantes. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 47: 331-400.
- Forel, A.. "Fourmis de la faune méditerranéenne récoltées par MM. U. et J. Sahlberg." Revue Suisse de Zoologie 21 (1913): 427-438.
- Galkowski C. 2008. Quelques fourmis nouvelles ou intéressantes pour la faune de France (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux, 143, N.S. 36, 4 : 423-433.
- Galkowski C. 2011. Une liste des fourmis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) récoltées dans la région de Grasse, avec la mention dune nouvelle espèce de la faune de France. Bulletin de la Société linnéenne de Provence, 62 : 41-44.
- Garcia Garcia F., and A. D. Cuesta-Esgura. 2017. First catalogue of the ants of Burgos province, Spain (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa 60: 245–258.
- Gomez C., D. Casellas, J. Oliveras, and J. M. Bas. 2003. Structure of ground-foraging ant assemblages in relation to land-use change in the northwestern Mediterranean region. Biodiversity and Conservation 12: 21352146.
- Gomez K. 2017. Two species of exotic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) new to Malta. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa (S.E.A.) 61: 233-235.
- Gratiashvili N., Barjadze S. 2008. Checklist of the ants (Formicidae Latreille, 1809) of Georgia. Proceedings of the Institute of Zoology (Tbilisi) 23: 130-146.
- Hernandez Cuba O., C. Perez Banon, and M. A. Marcos Garcia. 2008. Los formicidos (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) del Parque natural de la Font Roja. Iberis 6: 9-20.
- Hernandez Cuba O., J. L. Perez-Bote, and J. M. Garcia Jimenez. 2006. Los formicidos (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) del Parque Natural de Cornaldo (suroeste de la Peninsula Iberica). Boletin Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 38: 356-358.
- Karaman M. G. 2009. An introduction to the ant fauna of Macedonia (Balkan Peninsula), a check list (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Natura Montenegrina 8(3): 151-162.
- Karaman M. G. 2011. A catalogue of the ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Montenegro. Podgorica: Catalogues 3, Volume 2, Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts, 140 pp.
- Kiran K., and C. Karaman. 2012. First annotated checklist of the ant fauna of Turkey (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 3548: 1-38.
- Mei M. 1995. Arthropoda di Lampedusa, Linosa e Pantelleria (Canale di Sicilia, Mar Mediterraneo). Hymenoptera Formicidae (con diagnosi di due nuove specie). Il Naturalista Siciliano (4)19(suppl.): 753-772.
- Ordóñez-Urbano C., J. Reyes-López, and S. Carpintero-Ortega. 2007. Estudio faunísidos de los formícidos (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) asociados a los bosques de ribera en la Provincia de Córdoba (España). Primeras Aportaciones. Boletin Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa 40: 367-375.
- Palladini J. D., M. G. Jones, N. J. Sanders, and E. S. Jules. 2007. The recovery of ant communities in regenerating temperate conifer forests. Forest Ecology and Management 242: 619624.
- Pashaei Rad S., B. Taylor, R. Torabi, E. Aram, G. Abolfathi, R. Afshari, F. Borjali, M. Ghatei, F. Hediary, F. Jazini, V. Heidary Kiah, Z. Mahmoudi, F. Safariyan, and M. Seiri. 2018. Further records of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 64(2): 145-159.
- Petrov I. Z. 2012. Preliminary data on ants (Formicidae, Hymenoptera) on Mountain Avala (Belgrade, Serbia). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum 5: 95-99.
- Rigato F., and J. K. Wetterer. 2018. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of San Marino. Natural History Sciences. Atti Soc. it. Sci. nat. Museo civ. Stor. nat. Milano, 5(2): https://doi.org/10.4081/nhs.2018.367
- Rigato S., and I. Toni. 2011. Short notes 21. Hymenoptera, Formicidae. Pp. 873-882 in: Nardi, G.; Whitmore, D.; Bardiani, M.; Birtele, D.; Mason, F.; Spada, L.; Cerretti, P. (eds.) 2011. Biodiversity of Marganai and Montimannu (Sardinia). Research in the framework of the ICP Forests network. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 5. Sommacampagna, Verona: Cierre Edizioni, 896 pp.
- Salata S., L. Borowiec, and A.Trichas. 2018. Taxonomic Revision of the Cretan Fauna of the Genus Temnothorax Mayr, 1861 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with Notes on the Endemism of Ant Fauna of Crete. Annales Zoologici (Warsaw) 68(4): 769-808.
- Salata S., and L Borowiec. 2017. Species of Tetramorium semilaeve complex from Balkans and western Turkey, with description of two new species of (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Annales Zoologici (Warsaw) 62:279–313.
- Salata S., and L. Borowiec. 2018. A new species of the ant genus Lasius Fabricius, 1804 from Crete (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 789: 139–159.
- Salata S., and L. Borowiec. 2018. Taxonomic and faunistic notes on Greek ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom Entomology 27: 1-51.
- Salata S., and L. Borowiec. 2019. Preliminary division of not socially parasitic Greek Temnothorax Mayr, 1861 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) with a description of three new species. ZooKeys 877: 81-131.
- Sanchez-Gil Jimeno R., and J. L. Reyes-Lopez. 2016. Study of ants species of the Sierra de San Carlos del Valle (Ciudad Real) and updating the provincial check list (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent. 40 (1-2): 93-109.
- Santschi, F.. "Inventa entomologica itineris Hispanici et Maroccani, quod a. 1926 fecerunt Harald et Håkan Lindberg. Fourmis du Bassin Méditerranéen occidental et du Maroc récoltées par MM. Lindberg." Societas Scientiarum Fennica (Helsingfors) 3 (14) (1931): 1-13.
- Santschi, F.. "Nouvelles fourmis paléarctiques. 3ème. Note." Boletín de la Real Sociedad española de Historia natural (Madrid) 21 (1921): 165-170.
- Schar S., G Talavera, X. Espadaler, J. D. Rana, A. A. Andersen, S. P. Cover, and R. Vila. 2018. Do Holarctic ant species exist? Trans-Beringian dispersal and homoplasy in the Formicidae. Journal of Biogeography 00: 1-12.
- Schifani E., and A. Alicata. 2018. Exploring the myrmecofauna of Sicily: thirty-two new ant species recorded, including six new to Italy and many new aliens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Polish Journal of Entomology 87 (4): 323–348.
- Scupola A., and R. Poggi. 2014. Ricerche zoologiche della nave oceanografica "minerva" (C.N.R.) sulle isole circumsarde. XXXIII. Formiche. Estratto dagli Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “G. Doria” 106: 93-131.
- Seifert B. 1992. A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the ant subgenus Lasius s.str. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Görlitz 66(5): 1-67.
- Seifert, B.. "A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the ant subgenus Lasius s. str." Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Goerlitz 66(5) (1992): 1-66.
- Taheri A., J. Reyes-Lopez, and N. Bennas. 2014. Contribution a l'etude de la fauna myrmecologique du parc national de Talassemtane (nord du Maroc): biodiversite, biogeographie et especes indicatrices. Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (S.E.A.), 54: 225236.
- Talavera G., X. Espadaler, and R. Vila. Discovered just before extinction? The first endemic ant from the Balearic Islands (Lasius balearicus sp. nov.) is endangered by climate change. Journal of Biogeography doi:10.1111/jbi.12438
- Tinaut A. 2016. Ants of the Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Mountains Natural Park (Andalusia, Spain) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 40 (1-2): 125-159.
- Vonshak M., and A. Ionescu-Hirsch. 2009. A checklist of the ants of Israel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Israel Journal of Entomology 39: 33-55.
- de Haro, Andrés, and C. A. Collingwood. "Prospección mirmecológica por la península Tingitana al norte del Rif (Marruecos)." Orsis (Organismes i Sistemes) 12 (1997): 93-99.
- del Campo Gracia P., M. D. Martinez Ibanez, A. Tinaut, and S. Montagud Alario. 2014. Faunistic study of the Formicidae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Comunitat Valenciana (Spain). Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent. 38 (1-2): 33-65.