Cataglyphis
Cataglyphis | |
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Cataglyphis bicolor | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Hymenoptera |
Family: | Formicidae |
Subfamily: | Formicinae |
Tribe: | Formicini |
Genus: | Cataglyphis Foerster, 1850 |
Type species | |
Cataglyphis fairmairei (junior synonym of Formica bicolor) | |
Diversity | |
124 species (Species Checklist, Species by Country) | |
Synonyms | |
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Amor and Ortega (2014) - Species of the genus Cataglyphis are among the most conspicuous and characteristic ants of arid and semiarid zones of the Palearctic, which span from Mauritania to the Gobi Desert. They are relatively easy to find because they preferentially occupy open habitats and their workers are large. Various species have drawn the attention of researchers as a result of their diverse and original reproductive strategies (Pearcy et al. 2004, Amor et al. 2011, Leniaud et al. 2012, Peeters and Aron 2017) and their extraordinary adaptations to hot environments, including landmark navigation and foraging activity regulation (Wehner et al. 2006, Collett and Collet 2009, Wehner 2009, Amor et al. 2011b, Mangan and Webb 2012; see Lenoir et al. 2009 as well as Boulay et al. 2017 for reviews of the genus Cataglyphis).
Identification
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See images of species within this genus |
Keys to Subgenera or Species Groups in this Genus
Keys to Species in this Genus
- Key to Cataglyphis pallida group
- Key to Cataglyphis species of Asia
- Key to Cataglyphis workers of Cyprus
- Key to Cataglyphis of Greece
Species Groups
Agosti (1990)[1] identifies nine species groups.
- Cataglyphis albicans species group
- Cataglyphis altisquamis species group
- Cataglyphis bicolor species group
- Cataglyphis bombycinus species group
- Cataglyphis cursor species group
- Cataglyphis emmae species group
- Cataglyphis nigripes species group
- Cataglyphis pallidus species group
- Cataglyphis urens species group
These species groups were revisited using molecular markers by Aron et al. 2016
Distribution
Distribution and Richness based on AntMaps
Species by Region
Number of species within biogeographic regions, along with the total number of species for each region.
Afrotropical Region | Australasian Region | Indo-Australian Region | Malagasy Region | Nearctic Region | Neotropical Region | Oriental Region | Palaearctic Region | |
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Species | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 112 |
Total Species | 2851 | 1736 | 3047 | 932 | 840 | 4391 | 1767 | 2925 |
Biology
Villalta et al. (2018) examined the phylogeography of Cataglyphis albicans group species in the western Mediterranean basin. Their analysis of the evolutionary history of this group is well informed by a large number of sampled specimens and produced interesting results about the possible timing and modes of speciation within this group.
Association with Other Organisms
All Associate Records for Genus
Taxon | Relationship | Associate Type | Associate Taxon | Associate Relationship | Locality | Source | Notes |
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Cataglyphis aenescens | host | trematode | Dicrocoelium dendriticum | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Cataglyphis aenescens | host | trematode | Dicrocoelium lanceatum | parasite | Armenia | Arakelian et al., 1997 | |
Cataglyphis aenescens | mutualist | aphid | Aphis craccivora | trophobiont | Özdemir et al., 2008; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Cataglyphis aenescens | mutualist | aphid | Cinara pini | trophobiont | Latibari et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Cataglyphis aenescens | mutualist | aphid | Macrosiphum euphorbiae | trophobiont | Mortazavi et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Cataglyphis aenescens | mutualist | aphid | Pterochloroides persicae | trophobiont | Mortazavi et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Cataglyphis albicans | host | trematode | Dicrocoelium lanceatum | parasite | Armenia | Arakelian et al., 1997 | as ''Cataglyphis albicans armenia'' |
Cataglyphis bicolor | host | ant | Cataglyphis hannae | inquiline | |||
Cataglyphis bicolor | host | braconid wasp | Kollasmosoma platamonense | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Cataglyphis bicolor | host | eucharitid wasp | Eucharis bedeli | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | primary host | |
Cataglyphis bicolor | host | eucharitid wasp | Eucharis bytinskisalzi | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | associate and primary host | |
Cataglyphis bicolor | host | trematode | Dicrocoelium dendriticum | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Cataglyphis cinnamomea | mutualist | aphid | Myzus persicae | trophobiont | Shiran et al., 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Cataglyphis cursor | host | fungus | Aegeritella roussillonensis | pathogen | Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 | ||
Cataglyphis emeryi | mutualist | aphid | Cinara palaestinesis | trophobiont | Latibari et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Cataglyphis emeryi | mutualist | aphid | Cinara pini | trophobiont | Latibari et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Cataglyphis hannae | inquiline | ant | Cataglyphis bicolor | host | |||
Cataglyphis hispanica | host | fungus | Myrmicinosporidium durum | pathogen | Portugal | Gonçalves et al., 2012. | |
Cataglyphis iberica | host | braconid wasp | Kollasmosoma sentum | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Cataglyphis livida | mutualist | aphid | Aphis fabae | trophobiont | Shiran et al., 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Cataglyphis livida | mutualist | aphid | Subcryptosiphon sp. | trophobiont | Stary, 1969; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Cataglyphis nodus | host | ant | Monomorium ellenarium | inquiline | Azerbaijan | Shigayev & Snegovaya, 2022 | |
Cataglyphis nodus | host | cricket | Myrmecophilus balcanicus | myrmecophile | Macedonia | ||
Cataglyphis nodus | host | eucharitid wasp | Eucharis microcephala | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | primary host | |
Cataglyphis nodus | mutualist | aphid | Aphis frangulae | trophobiont | Shiran et al., 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Cataglyphis nodus | mutualist | aphid | Aphis gossypii | trophobiont | Stary, 1969; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Cataglyphis nodus | mutualist | aphid | Chaitophorus sp. | trophobiont | Stary, 1969; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Cataglyphis nodus | mutualist | aphid | Cinara pini | trophobiont | Latibari et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Cataglyphis nodus | mutualist | aphid | Pterochloroides persicae | trophobiont | Mortazavi et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Cataglyphis setipes | host | ant | Cataglyphis zakharovi | inquiline | |||
Cataglyphis viatica | host | dermestid beetle | Thorictus buigasi | myrmecophile | Morocco | Hava et al., 2012 | |
Cataglyphis viatica | host | eucharitid wasp | Eucharis bedeli | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | multiple encounter modes; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Cataglyphis zakharovi | inquiline | ant | Cataglyphis setipes | host |
Flight Period
All Flight Records for Genus
Explore: Show all Flight Month data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
Taxon | Month | Source | Notes |
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Cataglyphis cursor | Jul • Aug • Sep | antkeeping.info | |
Cataglyphis hispanica | Jul • Aug • Sep | antkeeping.info | |
Cataglyphis nodus | Jun • Jul | antkeeping.info |
Life History Traits
- Mean colony size: 100's-few 1000's (Greer et al., 2021)
- Compound colony type: inquilinism (Greer et al., 2021)
- Nest site: hypogaeic (Greer et al., 2021)
- Diet class: predator (Greer et al., 2021)
- Foraging stratum: subterranean/leaf litter (Greer et al., 2021)
- Foraging behaviour: solitary (Greer et al., 2021)
Castes
Workers are remarkably polymorphic in body size (e.g. Cataglyphis savignyi), although the extent of this variability is species-specific (e.g. Cerda & Retana 1997).
Ergatoid (permanently wingless) queens as well as brachypterous (short-winged) queens are known in multiple unrelated species (Peeters & Aron 2017). Brachypterous queens (e.g. Cataglyphis cretica, Cataglyphis hispanica, Cataglyphis mauritanica, Cataglyphis piliscapa, Cataglyphis velox) shed their non-functional wings soon after eclosion, and their thorax morphology gives the mistaken impression that they are able to fly. However thorax dissections reveal the lack of wing muscles. In Cataglyphis tartessica, ergatoid queens coexist with brachypterous queens (Amor et al. 2011).
Morphology
Worker Morphology
Explore: Show all Worker Morphology data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
• Antennal segment count: 12 • Antennal club: absent • Palp formula: 6,4 • Total dental count: 5-7 • Spur formula: 1 simple, 1 simple • Eyes: >100 ommatidia • Scrobes: absent • Pronotal Spines: absent • Mesonotal Spines: absent • Propodeal Spines: absent • Petiolar Spines: absent • Caste: most monomorphic, a few dimorphic, some with marked size-variation • Sting: absent • Metaplural Gland: present • Cocoon: present
Karyotype
All Karyotype Records for Genus
- See additional details at the Ant Chromosome Database.
Explore: Show all Karyotype data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
Taxon | Haploid | Diploid | Karyotype | Locality | Source | Notes |
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Cataglyphis bicolor | 26 | Israel; Tunisia | Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1983 | |||
Cataglyphis iberica | 26 | Spain | Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1983 | as ''C. albicans'' | ||
Cataglyphis setipes | 52 | 12M+40A | India | Imai et al., 1984 | at figure subtitle it is mentioned 2n=54 but it may be a mistake since the formula is correct as ''desbribed in the results and the karyotype has ''26 chromosome pairs |
Phylogeny
Formicinae |
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See Phylogeny of Formicinae for details.
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- CATAGLYPHIS [Formicinae: Formicini]
- Cataglyphis Foerster, 1850b: 493. Type-species: Cataglyphis fairmairei (junior synonym of Formica bicolor), by monotypy.
- Cataglyphis senior synonym of Myrmecocystus: Roger, 1863b: 12; Mayr, 1863: 402.
- Cataglyphis junior synonym of Myrmecocystus: Forel, 1878: 372; Forel, 1886f: 201; Mayr, 1886d: 424; Karavaiev, 1924: 301.
- Cataglyphis subgenus of Myrmecocystus: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144.
- Cataglyphis revived from synonymy: Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 78; Emery, 1925b: 261.
- Cataglyphis senior synonym of Monocombus: Mayr, 1861: 44; Agosti, 1990b: 1462.
- Cataglyphis senior synonym of Machaeromyrma: Baroni Urbani, 1969d: 218; Agosti, 1990b: 1462.
- Cataglyphis senior synonym of Eomonocombus, Paraformica: Agosti, 1990b: 1462.
- EOMONOCOMBUS [junior synonym of Cataglyphis]
- Eomonocombus Arnol'di, 1968: 1815 [as subgenus of Cataglyphis]. Type-species: Myrmecocystus cinnamomeus, by original designation.
- Eomonocombus junior synonym of Cataglyphis: Agosti, 1990b: 1462; Agosti, 1994a: 103.
- MACHAEROMYRMA [junior synonym of Cataglyphis]
- Machaeromyrma Forel, 1916: 441 [as subgenus of Cataglyphis]. Type-species: Formica bombycina, by original designation.
- Machaeromyrma junior synonym of Cataglyphis: Baroni Urbani, 1969d: 218; Agosti, 1994a: 103.
- MONOCOMBUS [junior synonym of Cataglyphis]
- Monocombus Mayr, 1855: 381. Type-species: Formica viatica, by monotypy.
- Monocombus subgenus of Cataglyphis: Santschi, 1929b: 29.
- Monocombus junior synonym of Myrmecocystus: Forel, 1878: 372; André, 1882b: 165; Mayr, 1886d: 424; Dalla Torre, 1893: 216.
- Monocombus junior synonym of Cataglyphis: Mayr, 1861: 44; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 944; Emery, 1925b: 261; Agosti, 1990b: 1462; Agosti, 1994a: 103.
- PARAFORMICA [junior synonym of Cataglyphis]
- Paraformica Forel, 1915b: 95 (footnote) [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica (Paraformica) emmae, by monotypy.
- Paraformica raised to genus: Emery, 1925b: 260.
- Paraformica subgenus of Proformica: Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1928a: 7.
- Paraformica subgenus of Cataglyphis: Santschi, 1925g: 353; Santschi, 1929b: 30.
- Paraformica junior synonym of Cataglyphis: Agosti, 1990b: 1462; Agosti, 1994a: 103.
References
- Agosti, D. 1990b. Review and reclassification of Cataglyphis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). J. Nat. Hist. 2 24: 1457-1505 (page 1457, Review of genus)
- Agosti, D. 1990b. Review and reclassification of Cataglyphis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). J. Nat. Hist. 2 24: 1457-1505 (page 1462, Cataglyphis senior synonym of Monocombus, Eomonocombus and Paraformica)
- Agosti, D. 1991. Revision of the oriental ant genus Cladomyrma, with an outline of the higher classification of the Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Syst. Entomol. 16: 293-310 (page 295, Cataglyphis in Formicinae, Formica genus group)
- Agosti, D. 1994b. The phylogeny of the ant tribe Formicini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with the description of a new genus. Syst. Entomol. 19: 93-117 (page 93, Cataglyphis in Formicinae, Formicini)
- André, E. 1882c. Les fourmis. [part]. Pp. 153-232 in: André, Edm. 1881-1886. Species des Hyménoptères d'Europe et d'Algérie. Tome Deuxième. Beaune: Edmond André, 919 + 48 pp. (page 165, Cataglyphis junior synonym of Myrmecocystus )
- Aron S, Mardulyn P, Leniaud L. 2016. Evolution of reproductive traits in Cataglyphis desert ants: mating frequency, queen number, and thelytoky. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 70: 1367–1379.
- Baroni Urbani, C. 1969c. Una nuova Cataglyphis dei Monti dell'Anatolia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Fragm. Entomol. 6: 213-222 (page 218, Cataglyphis senior synonym of Macheromyrma)
- Beutel, R.G., Richter, A., Keller, R.A., Hita Garcia, F., Matsumura, Y., Economo, E.P., Gorb, S.N. 2020. Distal leg structures of the Aculeata (Hymenoptera): A comparative evolutionary study of (Sphecidae) and (Formicidae). Journal of Morphology 281, 737–753 (doi:10.1002/JMOR.21133).
- Bingham, C. T. 1903. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Hymenoptera, Vol. II. Ants and Cuckoo-wasps. London: Taylor and Francis, 506 pp. (page 312, Cataglyphis junior synonym of Myrmecocystus )
- Bolton, B. 1994. Identification guide to the ant genera of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 222 pp. (page 50, Cataglyphis in Formicinae, Formicini)
- Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and Classification of Formicidae. Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. 71: 370pp (page 127, Cataglyphis in Formicinae, Formicini)
- Bondroit, J. 1918. Les fourmis de France et de Belgique. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 87: 1-174 (page 38, Cataglyphis in Formicinae, Formicini)
- Boulay R, Aron S, Cerda X, Doums C, Graham P, Hefetz A, Monnin T. 2017. Social life in arid environments: the case study of Cataglyphis ants Annual Review of Entomology 62: 305–321.
- Burchill, A.T., Moreau, C.S. 2016. Colony size evolution in ants: macroevolutionary trends. Insectes Sociaux 63, 291–298 (doi:10.1007/s00040-016-0465-3).
- Cantone S. 2017. Winged Ants, The Male, Dichotomous key to genera of winged male ants in the World, Behavioral ecology of mating flight (self-published).
- Cantone S. 2018. Winged Ants, The queen. Dichotomous key to genera of winged female ants in the World. The Wings of Ants: morphological and systematic relationships (self-published).
- Dahbi, A.; Hefetz, A.; Lenoir, A. 2008. Chemotaxonomy of some Cataglyphis ants from Morocco and Burkina Faso. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 36:564-572.
- Dahbi, A.; Lenoir, A.; Tinaut, A.; Taghizadeh, T.; Francke, W.; Hefetz, A. 1996. Chemistry of the postpharyngeal gland secretion and its implication for the phylogeny of Iberian Cataglyphis species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Chemoecology 7:163-171.
- Dalla Torre, K. W. von. 1893. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 7. Formicidae (Heterogyna). Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 289 pp. (page 216, Cataglyphis junior synonym of Myrmecocystus )
- Emery, C. 1906f. Rassegna critica delle specie paleartiche del genere Myrmecocystus. Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Ist. Bologna (6)3:47-61 (page 47, Cataglyphis junior synonym of Myrmecocystus )
- Emery, C. 1908h. Myrmecocystus viaticus et formes voisines. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 44: 213-217 (page 213, Cataglyphis junior synonym of Myrmecocystus )
- Emery, C. 1925d. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Formicinae. Genera Insectorum 183: 1-302 (page 261, Cataglyphis in Formicinae, Formicini; Cataglyphis as genus)
- Emery, C.; Forel, A. 1879. Catalogue des Formicides d'Europe. Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 5: 441-481 (page 449, Cataglyphis junior synonym of Myrmecocystus )
- Foerster, A. 1850b. Eine Centurie neuer Hymenopteren. Zweite Dekade. Verh. Naturhist. Ver. Preuss. Rheinl. Westfal. 7: 485-500 (page 493, Cataglyphis as genus)
- Forel, A. 1878c. Études myrmécologiques en 1878 (première partie) avec l'anatomie du gésier des fourmis. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 15: 337-392 (page 372, Cataglyphis junior synonym of Myrmecocystus )
- Forel, A. 1886h. Études myrmécologiques en 1886. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 30: 131-215 (page 201, Cataglyphis junior synonym of Myrmecocystus )
- Forel, A. 1912j. Formicides néotropiques. Part VI. 5me sous-famille Camponotinae Forel. Mém. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 20: 59-92 (page 89, Cataglyphis in Camponotinae, Formicini)
- Forel, A. 1917. Cadre synoptique actuel de la faune universelle des fourmis. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 51: 229-253 (page 250, Cataglyphis in Camponotinae, Formicini)
- Karavaiev, V. 1924. Zur Systematik der paläarktischen Myrmecocystus (Formicidae), nebst einigen biologischen Notizen. Konowia 3: 301-308 (page 301, Cataglyphis junior synonym of Myrmecocystus )
- Knaden, M. et al. 2012. Molecular phylogeny of the desert ant genus Cataglyphis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News 16: 123-132.
- Lorite, P., Palomeque, T. 2010. Karyotype evolution in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a review of the known ant chromosome numbers. Myrmecological News 13: 89-102.
- Matte, A., Billen, J. 2012. Flight muscle histolysis in Lasius niger queens. Asian myrmecology 13, e013003 (doi:10.20362/am.013003).
- Mayr, G. 1861. Die europäischen Formiciden. Nach der analytischen Methode bearbeitet. Wien: C. Gerolds Sohn, 80 pp. (page 44, Cataglyphis in Formicinae [Formicidae])
- Mayr, G. 1862. Myrmecologische Studien. Verh. K-K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 649-776 (page 653, Cataglyphis in Formicinae (in key)[Formicidae])
- Mayr, G. 1863b. Beitrag zur Orismologie der Formiciden. Arch. Naturgesch. 29(1 1: 103-118 (page 402, Cataglyphis as genus; Cataglyphis senior synonym of Myrmecocystus)
- Mayr, G. 1865. Formicidae. In: Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte "Novara" um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859. Zoologischer Theil. Bd. II. Abt. 1. Wien: K. Gerold's Sohn, 119 pp. (page 8, Cataglyphis in Formicinae [Formicidae])
- Mayr, G. 1886d. Die Formiciden der Vereinigten Staaten von Nordamerika. Verh. K-K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 36: 419-464 (page 424, Cataglyphis junior synonym of Myrmecocystus )
- Peeters C & Aron S. 2017. Evolutionary reduction of female dispersal in Cataglyphis desert ants. Biological J. Linnean Society 122: 58–70.
- Rabeling, C. 2020. Social Parasitism. In: Starr, C. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Social Insects. Springer, Cham. (doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90306-4_175-1).
- Roger, J. 1863b. Verzeichniss der Formiciden-Gattungen und Arten. Berl. Entomol. Z. 7(B Beilage: 1-65 (page 12, Cataglyphis as ; Cataglyphis senior synonym of Myrmecocystus)
- Ruzsky, M. 1905b. The ants of Russia. (Formicariae Imperii Rossici). Systematics, geography and data on the biology of Russian ants. Part I. Tr. Obshch. Estestvoispyt. Imp. Kazan. Univ. 38(4-6 6: 1-800 (page 426, Cataglyphis junior synonym of Myrmecocystus)
- Santschi, F. 1929b. Étude sur les Cataglyphis. Rev. Suisse Zool. 36: 25-70 (page 56, Key to species (out of date))
- Villalta, I., Amora, F., Galarza, J.A., Dupont, S., Ortega, P., Hefetze, A., Dahbif, A., Cerdáa, X. and R. Boulay. 2018. Origin and distribution of desert ants across the Gibraltar Straits. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 118:122-134. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.09.026
- Wheeler, W. M. 1910b. Ants: their structure, development and behavior. New York: Columbia University Press, xxv + 663 pp. (page 144, Cataglyphis in Camponotinae, Formicini; Cataglyphis as subgenus of Myrmecocystus)
- Wheeler, W. M. 1913a. Corrections and additions to "List of type species of the genera and subgenera of Formicidae". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 23: 77-83 (page 78, Cataglyphis revived from synonymy; Cataglyphis as genus)
- Wheeler, W. M. 1922i. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. VII. Keys to the genera and subgenera of ants. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 45: 631-710 (page 699, Cataglyphis in Formicinae, Formicini)