Cataglyphis nodus

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Cataglyphis nodus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Formicinae
Tribe: Formicini
Genus: Cataglyphis
Species group: bicolor
Species complex: nodus
Species: C. nodus
Binomial name
Cataglyphis nodus
(Brullé, 1833)

Cataglyphis nodus F63.1-2 pale.jpg

Synonyms

This is a common species known from all Greek provinces except Cyclades and Crete (single record from Crete is probably an error or based on an introduced specimen). It is an extremely termophilous species, typically active in the afternoon only in strong sunlight on sandy roads, roadsides with Mediterranean shrubs, urban rural areas and pastures. Nests located in the ground (Borowiec & Salata 2021, 2022). Pashaei Rad et al. (2018) found this species in Iran on parkland ground in a moderate rainfall area.

At a Glance • Limited invasive  

Identification

Keys including this Species

Distribution

This is a common species, known from all Greek provinces except Cyclades and from a single record from Crete which has been recently questioned (Salata et al., 2020; Borowiec et al., 2022).

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 43.866218° to 31.31666667°.

   
North
Temperate 		North
Subtropical 		Tropical South
Subtropical 		South
Temperate

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Afrotropical Region: United Arab Emirates.
Palaearctic Region: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, Georgia, Greece (type locality), Hungary, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Türkiye, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.

Distribution based on AntMaps

AntMapLegend.png

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.
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Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.
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Habitat

Borowiec and Salata (2022) - Very thermophilous species. Reported from open areas and luminous sites in forests such as rocky seashore, pastures with shrubs, clay wasteland, sands near marshes, sandy cliffs, xerothermic meadows, beach areas, olive plantations, stream valley with plane trees, roadsides in oak forests, stream valleys with deciduous forest and dry gorges with frygana. Common in grassland and sandy roads in villages and tourist resorts. Most of collecting sites were at low and mid altitude, from sea level to 500 m with the highest locality on Mt Falakro, Macedonia at an altitude of 1300 m.

Biology

Flight Period

X X
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Source: antkeeping.info.

Explore-icon.png Explore: Show all Flight Month data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.

Association with Other Organisms

Explore-icon.png Explore: Show all Associate data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
  • This species is a host for the ant Monomorium ellenarium (a inquiline) in Azerbaijan (Shigayev & Snegovaya, 2022).
  • This species is a mutualist for the aphid Aphis frangulae (a trophobiont) (Shiran et al., 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019).
  • This species is a mutualist for the aphid Aphis gossypii (a trophobiont) (Stary, 1969; Saddiqui et al., 2019).
  • This species is a mutualist for the aphid Chaitophorus sp. (a trophobiont) (Stary, 1969; Saddiqui et al., 2019).
  • This species is a mutualist for the aphid Cinara pini (a trophobiont) (Latibari et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019).
  • This species is a mutualist for the aphid Pterochloroides persicae (a trophobiont) (Mortazavi et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019).
  • This species is a host for the eucharitid wasp Eucharis microcephala (a parasite) (Universal Chalcidoidea Database) (primary host).
  • This species is a host for the cricket Myrmecophilus balcanicus (a myrmecophile) in Macedonia.

Castes

Worker

Borowiec and Salata 2022. Figures 63.5-6, worker, dark form from Samos. Photographed by Lech Borowiec.

Images from AntWeb

Cataglyphis nodus casent0010837 head 1.jpgCataglyphis nodus casent0010837 profile 1.jpgCataglyphis nodus casent0010837 dorsal 1.jpgCataglyphis nodus casent0010837 label 1.jpg
Worker. Specimen code casent0010837. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by UCDC.

Queen

  • Borowiec and Salata 2022. Figure 63.4, queen. Photographed by Lech Borowiec.
  • Borowiec and Salata 2022. Figures 63.7-8, queen. Photographed by Lech Borowiec.

Male

Borowiec and Salata 2022. Figure 63.9, male. Photographed by Lech Borowiec.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

  • nodus. Formica nodus Brullé, 1833: 326, pl. 48, fig. 1 (w.) GREECE.
    • Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
    • Type-locality: Greece: Morea (no collector’s name).
    • Type-depository: unknown (Radchenko, 1997c: 433).
    • [Misspelled as nuda by Santschi, 1929b: 50 (in text), Santschi, 1933b: 108; misspelled as nobus by Arnol'di, 1948: 212 (in list).]
    • Combination in Cataglyphis: Mayr, 1861: 44;
    • combination in Myrmecocystus: Emery & Forel, 1879: 449.
    • Junior synonym of viatica: Roger, 1861b: 163; Mayr, 1861: 44 (in key); Mayr, 1863: 402; Roger, 1863b: 12; André, 1874: 202 (in list); Emery & Forel, 1879: 449; Dalla Torre, 1893: 218.
    • Subspecies of bicolor: Emery, 1925b: 265; Soudek, 1925b: 15; Santschi, 1926f: 290; Menozzi, 1927e: 119; Finzi, 1928c: 791; Menozzi, 1929e: 128; Santschi, 1929b: 43; Santschi, 1929c: 106; Finzi, 1930d: 317; Santschi, 1931a: 13; Santschi, 1932f: 520; Menozzi, 1932e: 454; Santschi, 1933b: 108; Menozzi, 1933b: 86; Santschi, 1934d: 281; Grandi, 1935: 104; Zimmermann, 1935: 54; Finzi, 1936: 192; Santschi, 1936c: 210; Menozzi, 1936d: 305; Finzi, 1939c: 160; Santschi, 1939c: 7; Menozzi, 1940: 271; Finzi, 1940: 165; Arnol'di, 1948: 212 (in list); Bernard, 1948: 162; Bernard, 1950b: 292; Donisthorpe, 1950e: 1065; Bernard, 1953a: 199; Délye, 1960: 261; Hamann & Klemm, 1967: 419; Cagniant, 1970c: 30.
    • Junior synonym of bicolor: Wehner, et al. 1983: 7.
    • Status as species: Arnol'di, 1964: 1802; Pisarski, 1965: 421; Aktaç, 1977: 128; Collingwood, 1985: 290; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 59; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 284 (in key); Agosti, 1990b: 1489; Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 153; Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 291; Collingwood, 1993b: 195; Arakelian, 1994: 108; Bolton, 1995b: 136; Radchenko, 1997c: 433; Gallé, et al. 1998: 217; Radchenko, 1998: 505 (in key); Csösz, & Markó, 2005: 234; Bračko, 2006: 146; Markó, Sipos, et al. 2006: 67; Petrov, 2006: 110 (in key); Werner & Wiezik, 2007: 143; Gratiashvili & Barjadze, 2008: 132; Paknia, et al. 2008: 154; Lush, 2009: 116; Lapeva-Gjonova, et al. 2010: 58; Collingwood, et al. 2011: 462; Csösz, et al. 2011: 59; Legakis, 2011: 34; Karaman, M.G. 2011b: 75; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2012: 486; Kiran & Karaman, 2012: 9; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2013: 383; Borowiec, L. 2014: 58; Bračko, et al. 2014: 19; Lebas, et al. 2016: 164; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2018: 5; Salata & Borowiec, 2018c: 44; Seifert, 2018: 298; Bračko, 2019: 170; Khalili-Moghadam, et al. 2019: 169; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2020: 6; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2022: 144.
    • Senior synonym of caucasicola: Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 153; Arakelian, 1994: 108; Bolton, 1995b: 136; Radchenko, 1997c: 433; Gratiashvili & Barjadze, 2008: 132.
    • Senior synonym of mesasiatica: Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 153; Bolton, 1995b: 136; Radchenko, 1997c: 433.
    • Senior synonym of orientalis: Emery, 1925b: 265; Finzi, 1928c: 791; Santschi, 1929b: 43; Finzi, 1930d: 317; Donisthorpe, 1950e: 1065; Pisarski, 1965: 421; Agosti, 1990b: 1489; Bolton, 1995b: 136; Radchenko, 1997c: 433; Gallé, et al. 1998: 217; Csösz, et al. 2011: 59; Kiran & Karaman, 2012: 9.
    • Senior synonym of rufiventris: Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2013: 383 (in text).
    • Distribution: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Iran, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Slovakia, Serbia, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan.
    • [Note: distribution based on Borowiec, L. 2014: 59.]
  • caucasicola. Cataglyphis nodus subsp. caucasicola Arnol'di, 1964: 1803, figs. 1, 2 (w.m.) GEORGIA.
    • Type-material: holotype worker, paratype workers (number not stated, “many”), 16 paratype males.
    • Type-locality: holotype Georgia: Tbilisi (K.V. Arnol’di); paratypes with same data.
    • Type-depository: ZMUM.
    • Subspecies of nodus: Agosti, 1990b: 1490.
    • Junior synonym of nodus: Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 153; Arakelian, 1994: 108; Bolton, 1995b: 135; Radchenko, 1997c: 433; Gratiashvili & Barjadze, 2008: 132.
  • mesasiatica. Cataglyphis nodus subsp. mesasiatica Arnol'di, 1964: 1803, figs. 1, 3 (w.m.) TURKMENISTAN.
    • Type-material: holotype worker, paratype workers, paratype males (numbers not stated).
    • Type-locality: holotype Turkmenistan: Kopet Dag, Chuli, 1935 (K.V. Arnol’di); paratypes with same data.
    • Type-depository: ZMUM.
    • Subspecies of nodus: Agosti, 1990b: 1490.
    • Junior synonym of nodus: Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 153; Bolton, 1995b: 136; Radchenko, 1997c: 433.
  • orientalis. Myrmecocystus viaticus var. orientalis Forel, 1895d: 228 (in text), 229 (title) (w.) TURKEY.
    • Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
    • Type-locality: Turkey: Adrianople (= Edirne) (Flach).
    • Type-depository: MHNG.
    • Combination in M. (Cataglyphis): Forel, 1911d: 353;
    • combination in Cataglyphis: Emery, 1912f: 99.
    • As unavailable (infrasubspecific) name: Emery, 1906d: 58; Emery, 1908g: 217; Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1916: 173.
    • Junior synonym of setipes: Ruzsky, 1905b: 430.
    • Subspecies of viatica: Forel, 1895d: 233; Forel, 1904d: 175; Forel, 1910a: 24; Forel, 1911d: 353; Schkaff, 1925: 276.
    • Subspecies of bicolor: Forel, 1906c: 189; Santschi, 1921a: 116; Finzi, 1923: 4; Weber, 1952c: 22.
    • Junior synonym of nodus: Emery, 1925b: 265; Finzi, 1928c: 791; Santschi, 1929b: 43; Finzi, 1930d: 317; Donisthorpe, 1950e: 1065; Pisarski, 1965: 421; Agosti, 1990b: 1489; Bolton, 1995b: 136; Radchenko, 1997c: 433; Gallé, et al. 1998: 217; Csösz, et al. 2011: 59; Kiran & Karaman, 2012: 9.
  • rufiventris. Cataglyphis bicolor var. rufiventris Emery, 1925b: 265.
    • [First available use of Myrmecocystus (Cataglyphis) viaticus subsp. orientalis var. rufiventris Forel, 1911d: 353 (w.) GREECE (Corfu); unavailable (infrasubspecific) name (Agosti, 1990b: 1488).]
    • Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
    • Type-locality: Greece: Corfu I., iv.-v.1910 (A. Forel).
    • Type-depository: MHNG.
    • As unavailable (infrasubspecific) name: Santschi, 1921a: 116; Santschi, 1929b: 44.
    • Subspecies of bicolor: Santschi, 1926f: 290; Agosti, 1990b: 1488; Bolton, 1995b: 137; Lapeva-Gjonova, et al. 2010: 57; Legakis, 2011: 35; Kiran & Karaman, 2012: 9.
    • Junior synonym of nodus: Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2013: 383 (in text).

Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.

Description

Worker

Borowiec and Salata (2022) - Moderately large to very large, polymorphic with a large difference in size between the smallest minor and the largest major workers; minor workers: HL: 1.317- 1.568 (mean 1.422); HW: 1.008-1.254 (mean 1.122); SL: 1.468-1.896 (mean 1.668); EL: 0.357-0.429 (mean 0.393); ML: 2.17-2.52; MW: 0.83-0.98. Color. Head, mesosoma and petiolar node yellowish red to red, only in rare melanistic form head reddish brown, mesosoma and petiole dark brown, dark forms are mostly observed in populations from Aegean Islands; gaster in all forms dark, from reddish brown to black; antennae usually yellow or yellowish red only in melanistic forms yellowish brown, legs only in the palest form completely reddish, usually coxa and femora from reddish brown to brown, tibiae from yellowish brown to pale brown and tarsi yellowish, in melanistic forms legs black. Head. Approximately 1.3 times longer than wide, in front of eyes parallelsided, behind eyes regularly rounded. Clypeus trapezoidal, transverse, its anterior margin convex with simple anterior margin, sides strongly convergent posterad, in the middle concave, posterior margin short, straight to shallowly concave, whole surface distinctly microreticulated, surface slightly dull, covered with sparse and short, hardly visible appressed hairs, anterior margin with a row of 7-8 very long setae and on sides with additional short setae, close to base with a pair of long erected setae. Head distinctly microreticulate, appears opalescent dull, only on gena, sides and around antennal scrobes with very sparse and short appressed pubescence, rest of head partly unhaired partly with short and sparse pubescence, lacking erected setae, only frontal area with 2-4, and ocellar area with 1-3 moderately long erected setae, occipital area with 6-10 long and several short erected setae. Scape long, thin, 1.5 times longer than width of head, slightly, regularly widened from base to apex, its surface microreticulate but shiny, with very short and very sparse appressed pubescence and apically with slightly decumbent hairs. Funicular segments elongate, thin, first segment 4.4 times as long as wide and approximately 1.8 times as long as second segment, third segment longer than second, the rest of funicular segments distinctly longer than broad. Eyes big, elongate oval, 0.28 length of head. Mandibles elongate, with longitudinal sculpture, surface shiny. Mesosoma. Elongate 2.6-2.7 times as long as wide, dorsally and laterally distinctly microreticulated, surface indistinctly dull. In lateral view anterior part of mesonotum placed slightly above pronotum, mesonotal groove distinct, propodeum regularly convex, rounded . Surface of pronotal dorsum and mesonotum with short and scarce depressed hairs, propodeum with slightly longer and dense pubescence than on two anterior segments. Promesonotum with 4-6 short to moderately long erected setae, propodeum with 8-12 erected setae. Waist and gaster.Petiole in form of globular node with elongate posterior pedicel, surface distinctly microreticulated, covered with moderately elongate and moderately dense appressed hairs, top with 3-6 long erected setae. Gaster shorter than mesosoma, tergites with strong microreticulation partly tending to form transverse microstriation, dorsally opalescent dull, on sides and ventrally gradually less opalescent and less dull than dorsally, covered with very short and scarce appressed hairs; first tergite with a group of erected setae anteriorly, tergites 2 and 3 with a row of 4 long erected setae. Legs. Very long and thin, hind femora longer than mesosoma, surface of legs covered with sparse appressed hairs, inner margin of tibiae with row of thorns. Ventral surface of fore femora with 8-12 long erected setae.

Major workers: HL: 2.750-3.280 (mean 2.974); HW: 2.470-2.900 (mean 2.676); SL: 2.767-3.000 (mean 2.879); EL: 0.667-0.761 (mean 0.718); ML: 4.01-4.45; MW: 1.81-2.04. In all characters except size similar to minor workers including color variation and sculpture. Head proportionally stouter, approximately 1.1 times longer than wide, posterior margin of head shallowly concave. Scape proportionally shorter, approximately 1.1 times as long as width of head. Eyes proportionally smaller, 0.24 length of head. Number of erected setae on pronotum and mesonotum 6-8, on propodeum 12-20. Ventral surface of fore femora with 12-16 long erected setae.

Taxonomic Notes

Khalili-Moghadam et al. (2019) - The Iranian samples are generally darker in colour than the typical populations from the Balkans. Unfortunately, the material from Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province contained only workers, so we were unable to compare the male genitalia of the Iranian and Balkan populations. We do not know, therefore, whether these darker populations represent a separate morphotype or even a separate species.

Eyer et al. (2017) suggested that there is no true C. nodus in Israel, only its hybrids with other local species thus status of Jordanian populations needs conformation by genetic studies (Borowiec & Salata, 2020).

Etymology

Based on nodus, Latin for knot or swelling.

References

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

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