This is an AntWiki Report

The following species and subspecies belong to the genus Formica. Synonyms are listed under their senior names. For valid names only see Formica species and for distribution information see Formica species by Country.

A

abdominalis Latreille, 1802
accreta Francoeur, 1973 (Canada, United States)
adamsi Wheeler, W.M., 1909 (Canada, United States)
adamsi alpina Wheeler, W.M., 1909 (United States)
adamsi whymperi Wheeler, W.M., 1917 (Canada, United States)
• Formica microgyna californica Wheeler, W.M., 1917

adelungi Forel, 1904 (Mongolia)
aegyptiaca Fabricius, 1775
aequalis Walker, 1871
aerata Francoeur, 1973 (United States)
affinis Leach, 1825
albipennis Fabricius, 1793
altayensis Xia & Zheng, 1997 (China)
altipetens Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
amyoti Le Guillou, 1842
anatolica Seifert & Schultz, 2009 (Türkiye)
animosa Forskål, 1775
approximans Wheeler, W.M., 1933 (China)
aquilonia Yarrow, 1955 (Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Czechia, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Mongolia, Montenegro, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
• Formica rufa schmidti Ruzsky, 1926

archboldi Smith, M.R., 1944 (United States)
arenicola Buckley, 1866
argentea Wheeler, W.M., 1912 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
• Formica fusca argentata Wheeler, W.M., 1902
• Formica fusca blanda Wheeler, W.M., 1913

aserva Forel, 1901 (Canada, United States)
• Formica sanguinea subnuda Wheeler, W.M., 1910

aseta Chang & He, 2002 (China)
aterrima Cresson, 1865 (United States)
atra Schilling Schilling, 1839

B

bicolor Leach, 1825
biophilica Trager, 2007 (United States)
bradleyi Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (Canada, United States)
• Formica neogagates morbida Wheeler, W.M., 1913

breviscapa Chang & He, 2002 (China)
browni Francoeur, 1973 (Mexico)
bruni Kutter, 1967 (Austria, Germany, Greece, Iberian Peninsula, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland)
brunneonitida Dlussky, 1964 (Mongolia, Russian Federation)

C

cinerea cinereoimitans Ruzsky, 1905 (Russian Federation)
cinereofusca Karavaiev, 1929 (Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, Russian Federation, Türkiye, Ukraine)
clara Forel, 1886 (Afghanistan, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Netherlands, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkmenistan, Türkiye, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
   • Formica lusatica Seifert, 1997
   • Formica rizadaghi Arnoldi, 1968
   • Formica rufibarbis caucasica Wheeler, W.M., 1913

clara sinae Emery, 1925 (China)
• Formica rufibarbis orientalis Wheeler, W.M., 1923

clarissima Emery, 1925 (China, Mongolia, Russian Federation)
• Formica subpilosa ruzskyi Dlussky, 1965

coloradensis Creighton, 1940 (United States)
comata Wheeler, W.M., 1909 (United States)
conica Fabricius, 1798
connecticutensis Buckley, 1866
corsica Seifert, 2002 (France)
creightoni Buren, 1968 (United States)
criniventris Wheeler, W.M., 1912 (United States)
• Formica crinita Wheeler, W.M., 1909

cunicularia Latreille, 1798 (Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Channel Islands, China, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, India, Iran, Italy, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
   • Formica cunicularia fuscoides Dlussky, 1967
   • Formica fusca fuscorufibarbis Forel, 1874
   • Formica fusca rubescens Forel, 1904

curiosa Creighton, 1935 (Canada, United States)
• Formica parcipappa Cole, 1947

D

dachaidanensis Chang & He, 2002 (China)
dakotensis Emery, 1893 (Canada, United States)
   • Formica dakotensis saturata Wheeler, W.M., 1917
   • Formica dakotensis wasmanni Forel, 1904
   • Formica fusca specularis Wheeler, W.M., 1908
   • Formica montigena Wheeler, W.M., 1904

decipiens Bondroit, 1918 (Andorra, France, Iberian Peninsula, Portugal, Spain)
delinghaensis Chang & He, 2002 (China)
densiventris Viereck, 1903 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
• Formica microgyna rasilis Wheeler, W.M., 1903
• Formica rasilis spicata Creighton, 1950

didyma Fabricius, 1782
difficilis Emery, 1893 (United States)
• Formica difficilis consocians Wheeler, W.M., 1904
• Formica habrogyna Cole, 1939

dirksi Wing, 1949 (United States)
dislocata Say, 1836
dolosa Buren, 1944 (United States)
dusmeti Emery, 1909 (Iberian Peninsula, Portugal, Spain)

E

elevata Fabricius, 1782
elongata Fabricius, 1787
emeryi Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (Canada, United States)
exsecta Nylander, 1846 (Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mongolia, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
   • Formica dalcqi Bondroit, 1918
   • Formica exsecta etrusca Emery, 1909
   • Formica exsecta exsectopressilabris Forel, 1874
   • Formica exsecta rubens Forel, 1874
   • Formica exsecta sudetica Scholz, 1924
   • Formica kontuniemii Betrem, 1954
   • Formica nemoralis Dlussky, 1964

exsectoides Forel, 1886 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
• Formica exsectoides davisi Wheeler, W.M., 1913
• Formica exsectoides hesperia Wheeler, W.M., 1913

exsectorubens Ruzsky, 1905 (Russian Federation)

F

fatale Christ, 1791
fennica Seifert, 2000 (Azerbaijan, Finland, Georgia)
ferocula Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)
foetens Olivier, 1792
• Formica foetida De Geer De Geer, 1773

foreli Bondroit, 1918 (Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, Georgia, Germany, Iberian Peninsula, Italy, Norway, Poland, Russian Federation, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye)
   • Formica goesswaldi Kutter, 1967
   • Formica naefi Kutter, 1957
   • Formica tamarae Dlussky, 1964

foreliana Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (Mexico, United States)
forsslundi Lohmander, 1949 (Belarus, China, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Mongolia, Norway, Poland, Russian Federation, Sweden, Switzerland, Tibet)
• Formica forsslundi strawinskii Petal, 1963

fossaceps Buren, 1942 (Canada, United States)
francoeuri Bolton, 1995 (Mexico, United States)
• Formica pilicornis Emery, 1893

frontalis Santschi, 1919 (Andorra, Iberian Peninsula, Kyrgyzstan, Portugal, Spain)
fukaii Wheeler, W.M., 1914 (China, Japan)
fusca Linnaeus, 1758 (Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Channel Islands, China, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, India, Isle of Man, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Montenegro, Nepal, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
   • Formica barbata Razoumowsky, 1789
   • Formica flavipes Geoffroy, 1785
   • Formica fusca pallipes Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1926
   • Formica fusca rufipes Stitz, 1930
   • Formica glebaria Nylander, 1846
   • Formica libera Scopoli, 1763
   • Formica tristis Christ, 1791

fusca alpicola Gredler, 1858 (Austria)
fusca fuscolemani Samsinak, 1951 (Czechia)
fusca hyrcana Arnoldi, 1968 (Russian Federation)
fusca maura Santschi, 1929 (Morocco)
fusca tombeuri Bondroit, 1917 (Portugal)
fuscescens Gmelin, 1790
fuscicauda Motschoulsky, 1863
fuscocinerea Forel, 1874 (Austria, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine)
• Formica lefrancoisi Bondroit, 1918

G

gagates Latreille, 1798 (Albania, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czechia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, India, Italy, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Türkiye, Ukraine)
   • Formica capsincola Schilling, 1839
   • Formica fusca fuscogagates Forel, 1874
   • Formica morio Latreille, 1798

gagatoides Ruzsky, 1904 (Belgium, China, Finland, India, Japan, Montenegro, Norway, Russian Federation, Sweden, Switzerland)
georgica Seifert, 2002 (Azerbaijan, Georgia, Türkiye)
gerardi Bondroit, 1917 (Andorra, France, Gibraltar, Iberian Peninsula, Portugal, Spain)
glabra Gmelin, 1790
glabridorsis Santschi, 1925 (China)
glacialis Wheeler, W.M., 1908 (Canada, United States)
• Formica fusca fairchildi Wheeler, W.M., 1927

glauca Ruzsky, 1896 (Bulgaria, Germany, Iran, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Ukraine)
• Formica rufibarbis katuniensis Ruzsky, 1915

gnava Buckley, 1866 (Mexico, United States)
gravelyi Mukerjee, 1930 (India)
gynocrates Snelling, R.R. & Buren, 1985 (United States)

H

hayashi Terayama & Hashimoto, 1996 (Japan, Republic of Korea)
helvetica Seifert, 2021 (Switzerland)
hewitti Wheeler, W.M., 1917 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
hirta Gravenhorst, 1807

I

impexa Wheeler, W.M., 1905 (Canada, United States)
incerta Buren, 1944 (United States)
incisa Smith, F., 1858
indianensis Cole, 1940 (United States)
inequalis Lowne, 1865
insultans Forskål, 1775
integra Nylander, 1856 (Canada, United States)
• Formica integra similis Mayr, 1886

integroides Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
• Formica rufa subcaviceps Creighton, 1940
• Formica rufa subfasciata Creighton, 1940

J

japonica Motschoulsky, 1866 (China, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Japan, Mongolia, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation)
• Formica fusca nipponensis Forel, 1900

K

kashmirica Stärcke, 1935 (India, Kashmir)
knighti Buren, 1944 (United States)
kozlovi Dlussky, 1965 (Mongolia)
kupyanskayae Bolton, 1995 (Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Russian Federation)
• Formica opacus Kupyanskaya, 1980

L

laeviceps Creighton, 1940 (United States)
lasioides Emery, 1893 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
• Formica lasioides picea Emery, 1895
• Formica lasioides vetula Wheeler, W.M., 1912

lemani Bondroit, 1917 (Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czechia, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iberian Peninsula, Italy, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
• Formica fusca borealis Vashkevich, 1924

lepida Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)
limata Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
lincecumii Buckley, 1866
liogaster Chang & He, 2002 (China)
liopthalma Chang & He, 2002 (China)
litoralis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1926 (China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan)
longiceps Dlussky, 1964 (Mongolia)
• Formica dlusskyi Bolton, 1995

longipilosa Francoeur, 1973 (United States)
lugubris Zetterstedt, 1838 (Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czechia, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iberian Peninsula, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Mongolia, Montenegro, Norway, Poland, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
   • Formica congerens Nylander, 1846
   • Formica pratensis unicolor Ruzsky, 1926
   • Formica rufa alpina Santschi, 1911
   • Formica rufa montana Sadil, 1953
   • Formica rufa nylanderi Bondroit, 1920
   • Formica rufa santschii Wheeler, W.M., 1913

lutea Duméril, 1860

M

maculata Geoffroy, 1785
malabarica Schrank, 1837
maligna Forskål, 1775
manchu Wheeler, W.M., 1929 (China, Mongolia, Russian Federation)
• Formica beijingensis Wu, J., 1990

manni Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)
maxillosa Fabricius, 1775
melanophthalma Reich, 1793
melanopis Gmelin, 1790
mesasiatica Dlussky, 1964 (China, Russian Federation)
microgyna Wheeler, W.M., 1903 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
• Formica microgyna recidiva Wheeler, W.M., 1913

microphthalma Francoeur, 1973 (United States)
miniocca Chang & He, 2002 (China)
minuta Lowne, 1865
moki Wheeler, W.M., 1906 (Mexico, United States)
• Formica rufibarbis occidua Wheeler, W.M., 1913

molestans Latreille, 1802
montana Wheeler, W.M., 1910 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
• Formica cinerea neocinerea Wheeler, W.M., 1913
• Formica cinerea rutilans Wheeler, W.M., 1913

montaniformis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929
montivaga Santschi, 1928
• Formica montana Kuznetsov-Ugamsky Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1923

morsei Wheeler, W.M., 1906 (United States)
mucescens Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)
mutinensis (Canestrini, 1873)

N

nana Latreille, 1802
neoclara Emery, 1893 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
• Formica fusca pruinosa Wheeler, W.M., 1917

neogagates Viereck, 1903 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
neorufibarbis Emery, 1893 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
• Formica fusca algida Wheeler, W.M., 1915
• Formica fusca gelida Wheeler, W.M., 1913

nepticula Wheeler, W.M., 1905 (United States)
nevadensis Wheeler, W.M., 1904 (United States)
nigropratensis Betrem, 1962 (Germany)
nitida Razoumowsky, 1789
nortonii Buckley, 1866
novaanglae Buckley, 1866

O

obscuripes Forel, 1886 (Canada, United States)
• Formica rufa aggerans Wheeler, W.M., 1912
• Formica rufa melanotica Creighton, 1940

obscuriventris Mayr, 1870 (Canada, United States)
   • Formica dryas Wheeler, W.M., 1905
   • Formica dryas gymnomma Wheeler, W.M., 1905
   • Formica rufa clivia Creighton, 1940

obsidiana Emery, 1923 (Taiwan)
obsoleta Linnaeus, 1758
obtusopilosa Emery, 1893 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
• Formica munda Wheeler, W.M., 1905
• Formica munda alticola Wheeler, W.M., 1917

occidentalis Buckley, 1866
occulta Francoeur, 1973 (Mexico, United States)
omnivora Linnaeus, 1758
opaciventris Emery, 1893 (Canada, United States)
orangea Seifert & Schultz, 2009 (Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan)
oreas Wheeler, W.M., 1903 (Canada, United States)
• Formica oreas comptula Wheeler, W.M., 1913

oregonensis Cole, 1938 (United States)
ovata Reich, 1793

P

pachucana Francoeur, 1973 (Mexico)
pacifica Francoeur, 1973 (United States)
pallida (Canestrini, 1873)
pallidefulva Latreille, 1802 (Canada, United States)
   • Formica pallidefulva delicata Cole, 1938
   • Formica pallidefulva fuscata Emery, 1893
   • Formica pallidefulva nitidiventris Emery, 1893
   • Formica pallidefulva succinea Wheeler, W.M., 1904
   • Formica schaufussi Mayr, 1866

pallidelutea Latreille, 1802
pallipes Latreille, 1787
pamirica Dlussky, 1965 (China, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Turkmenistan)
paralugubris Seifert, 1996 (Andorra, Austria, Canada, Germany, Iberian Peninsula, Italy, Switzerland)
pergandei Emery, 1893 (United States)
• Formica sanguinea sublucida Creighton, 1950

perpilosa Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
persica Seifert & Schultz, 2009 (Iran)
phyllophila Jerdon, 1851
picea Nylander, 1846 (Andorra, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Czechia, Finland, Georgia, Greece, Iberian Peninsula, India, Italy, Kazakhstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Poland, Russian Federation, Spain, Türkiye, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
   • Formica fusca inplana Emery, 1925
   • Formica fusca orientalis Ruzsky, 1915
   • Formica fusca piceoinplana Emery, 1925
   • Formica glabra White, W.F. White, W.F., 1884
   • Formica picea lochmatteri Stärcke, 1935

picea formosae Emery, 1925 (Taiwan)
picipes Reich, 1793
pisarskii Dlussky, 1964 (Mongolia)
• Formica fossilabris Dlussky, 1965

planipilis Creighton, 1940 (Canada, United States)
podzolica Francoeur, 1973 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
politurata Buckley, 1866
polyctena Foerster, 1850 (Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, India, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine)
   • Formica major Nylander, 1849
   • Formica rufa minor Gösswald, 1951
   • Formica rufa nuda Karavaiev, 1930

postoculata Kennedy & Dennis, 1937 (United States)
pratensis Retzius, 1783 (Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Channel Islands, China, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guernsey, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
   • Formica minor pratensoides Gösswald, 1951
   • Formica pratensis cordieri Bondroit, 1917
   • Formica rufa ciliata Ruzsky, 1926
   • Formica rufa grouvellei Bondroit, 1918
   • Formica rufa nigricans Bondroit, 1912

pratensis nuda Ruzsky, 1926 (Russian Federation)
pratensis rufoides Stärcke, 1926 (Switzerland)
pratensis staerckei Betrem, 1960 (Netherlands)
pressilabris Nylander, 1846 (Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine)
• Formica exsecta rufomaculata Ruzsky, 1895

prociliata Kennedy & Dennis, 1937 (United States)
propatula Francoeur, 1973 (Mexico)
propinqua Creighton, 1940 (United States)
puberula Emery, 1893 (United States)
pulla Francoeur, 1973 (Mexico)
pusilla De Geer, 1773
pyrenaea Bondroit, 1918 (France)

Q

quadrinotata Losana, 1834
querquetulana Kennedy & Dennis, 1937 (United States)

R

ravida Creighton, 1940 (Canada, United States)
• Formica rufa haemorrhoidalis Creighton, 1940
• Formica rufa tahoensis Creighton, 1940

rediana Leach, 1825
reflexa Buren, 1942 (Canada, United States)
retecta Francoeur, 1973 (Honduras, Mexico)
robusta Chang & He Chang & He, 2002 (China)
rostrata Fabricius, 1787
rubescens Leach, 1825
rubicunda Emery, 1893 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
rufa Linnaeus, 1761 (Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Montenegro, Nepal, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uzbekistan)
   • Formica apicalis Smith, F., 1858
   • Formica dorsata Panzer, 1798
   • Formica ferruginea Christ Christ, 1791
   • Formica gaullei Bondroit, 1917
   • Formica piniphila Schenck, 1852
   • Formica rufa meridionalis Nasonov, 1889
   • Formica rufa rufopratensis Forel, 1874

rufa angusticeps Stärcke, 1947 (Netherlands)
rufa brevisetosa Ruzsky, 1926 (Russian Federation, Ukraine)
rufa constricta Karavaiev, 1929 (Russian Federation)
rufa obscurata Santschi, 1925 (France)
rufa rufopratensoides Forel, 1874 (Switzerland)
rufa tshugunovi Ruzsky, 1914 (Russian Federation)
rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793 (Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Balearic Islands, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, India, Iran, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkmenistan, Türkiye, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
   • Formica defensor Smith, F., 1878
   • Formica fraterna Smith, F., 1878
   • Formica fusca cinereorufibarbis Forel, 1874
   • Formica nicaeensis Leach, 1825
   • Formica rufibarbis piligera Lomnicki, 1925

rufibarbis clarorufibarbis Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1916 (Russian Federation)
rufibarbis subpilosorufibarbis Ruzsky, 1905 (Russian Federation)
ruficeps Motschoulsky, 1863 (Indonesia)
ruficornis Gmelin, 1790
rufolucida Collingwood, 1962 (Myanmar)
rupestris Leach, 1825

S

saxicola Buckley, 1866
schardj Forskål, 1775
scitula Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)
selysi Bondroit, 1918 (Albania, Austria, France, Germany, Iberian Peninsula, Italy, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland)
• Formica torrentium Bernard, 1967

sentschuensis Ruzsky, 1915 (China, Tibet)
• Formica dalailamae Ruzsky, 1915

siamicarubra Christ, 1791
sibylla Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)
sinensis Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (China)
spatulata Buren, 1944 (United States)
stenoptera Foerster, 1850
subaenescens Emery, 1893 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
• Formica fusca marcida Wheeler, W.M., 1913

subcyanea Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (Mexico)
subelongata Francoeur, 1973 (United States)
subintegra Wheeler, W.M., 1908 (Canada, United States)
subnitens Creighton, 1940 (Canada, United States)
subpicea Motschoulsky, 1863
subpilosa Ruzsky, 1902 (Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Russian Federation, Turkmenistan, Türkiye, Uzbekistan)
• Formica cinerea bipilosa Karavaiev, 1926

subpolita Mayr, 1886 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
   • Formica flammiventris Wheeler, W.M., 1912
   • Formica rufiventris Emery Emery, 1893
   • Formica subpolita camponoticeps Wheeler, W.M., 1913
   • Formica subpolita ficticia Wheeler, W.M., 1913

subsericea Say, 1836 (United States)
• Formica lecontei Kennedy & Dennis, 1937

subspinosa Buckley, 1866
suecica Adlerz, 1902 (Austria, Finland, Norway, Russian Federation, Sweden)

T

talbotae Wilson, 1977 (United States)
tarimica Seifert & Schultz, 2009 (China)
tenuissima Buckley, 1866
testacea Gmelin, 1790
testaceipes Leach, 1825
thoracica Olivier, 1792
tianshanica Seifert & Schultz, 2009 (China, Kyrgyzstan)
tomentosa Reich, 1793
transkaucasica Nasonov, 1889 (Denmark)
• Formica gagates piceogagates Karavaiev, 1926

transmontanis Francoeur, 1973 (Canada, United States)
triangularis Say, 1836
truncorum Fabricius, 1804 (Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czechia, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Republic of Korea, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye, Ukraine)
   • Formica rufa menozzii Stitz, 1939
   • Formica rufa rufotruncicola Ruzsky, 1896
   • Formica rufa staegeri Stitz, 1939
   • Formica rufa truncicolopratensis Forel, 1874
   • Formica simulata Smith, F., 1878
   • Formica truncicola Nylander, 1846

truncorum finzii Stitz, 1939 (Germany)

U

ulkei Emery, 1893 (Canada, United States)
• Formica ulkei hebescens Wheeler, W.M., 1913

uralensis Ruzsky, 1895 (Belarus, China, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Mongolia, Norway, Poland, Russian Federation, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine)
• Formica pratensis superba Wheeler, W.M., 1933

ussuriensis Seifert, 2021 (Russian Federation)

V

vagans Fabricius, 1793
venosa Gmelin, 1790
villiscapa Chang & He, 2002 (China)
vinculans Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)
virginiana Buckley, 1866
volgensis Ruzsky, 1914

W

wheeleri Creighton, 1935 (Mexico, United States)
wheeleri Stitz Stitz, 1939
wongi Wu, J., 1990 (China)

X

xerophila Smith, M.R., 1939 (Mexico, United States)
• Formica moki grundmanni Cole, 1943

Y

yessensis Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (China, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Japan, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation)
yoshiokae Wheeler, W.M., 1933 (Japan)

Fossil Species

Formica
	Formicinae
	; Formica rufa
	; Distribution
	; Species Richness
Statistics
Valid Species	284
Invalid Species	162
Fossils	69
Countries Occupied	77
Year Described	1758
First Species Described	1758
Last Species Described	2021

A

aemula Heer, 1867 (Radoboj, Croatia (Burdigalian, Early Miocene))
alsatica Théobald, 1937 (Kleinkems, Germany (Early Oligocene))
annosa LaPolla & Greenwlalt, 2015 (Kishenehn Formation shale, Montana, United States (Lutetian, Middle Eocene))
arcana Scudder, 1877 (Quesnel, British Columbia, Canada (Early Miocene?))
auxillacensis Piton, 1935 (Auxillac, Auvergne, France (Early Oligocene))

B

bauckhorni Meunier, 1915 (Rott, Westphalia, Germany (Late Oligocene))
biamoensis Dlussky, Rasnitsyn & Perfilieva, 2015 (Bolshaya Svetlovodnaya, Sikhote-Alin, Russia (Priabonian, Late Eocene))
buphthalma Novak, O., 1878 (Mokrina (Krottensee), Czechia (Late Burdigalian, Early Miocene))

C

cantalica Piton, 1935 (Joursac, Auvergne, France (Late Miocene))
ceps Zhang, J., 1989 (Shanwang, China (Early Miocene))
cockerelli Carpenter, 1930 (Florissant, Colorado, United States (Late Eocene))

D

demersa Heer, 1849 (Oeningen, Switzerland (Messinian, Late Miocene))

E

eoptera Cockerell, 1923 (Mossy Creek, near Wellborn, Texas, United States (Late Eocene))

F

flavifemoralis Zhang, J., Sun & Zhang, X., 1994 (Shanwang, China (Early Miocene))
flori Mayr, 1868 (Baltic amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Priabonian, Late Eocene))
fragilis Heer, 1867 (Radoboj, Croatia (Burdigalian, Early Miocene))

G

gibbosa Presl, 1822 (Baltic amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Priabonian, Late Eocene))
globiventris Heer, 1849 (Oeningen, Switzerland (Messinian, Late Miocene))
grandis Carpenter, 1930 (Florissant, Colorado, United States (Late Eocene))
gravida Heer, 1849 (Oeningen, Switzerland (Messinian, Late Miocene))
gustawi Dlussky, 2002 (Baltic amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Priabonian, Late Eocene))

H

heteroptera Cockerell, 1920 (Bournemouth, Dorset, U.K. (Bartonian, Middle Eocene))
horrida Wheeler, W.M., 1915 (Baltic amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Priabonian, Late Eocene))

I

immersa Heer, 1849 (Oeningen, Switzerland (Messinian, Late Miocene))

K

kollari Heer, 1867 (Radoboj, Croatia (Burdigalian, Early Miocene))
kutscheri Dlussky, 2008 (Bitterfeld amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Priabonian, Late Eocene))

L

latinodosa Théobald, 1937 (Aix-en-Provence, France (Late Oligocene))
lavateri Heer, 1849 (Oeningen, Switzerland (Messinian, Late Miocene))
lavateri major Heer, 1867 (Radoboj, Croatia (Burdigalian, Early Miocene))
linquensis Zhang, J., 1989 (Shanwang, China (Early Miocene))
longicollis Heer, 1849 (Oeningen, Switzerland (Messinian, Late Miocene))
lucida Giebel, 1856 (Baltic amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Priabonian, Late Eocene))
luteola Presl, 1822 (Baltic amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Priabonian, Late Eocene))

M

macrognatha Presl, 1822 (Baltic amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Priabonian, Late Eocene))
macrophthalma Heer, 1849 (Oeningen, Switzerland (Messinian, Late Miocene))
maculipennis Théobald, 1935 (Auxillac, Auvergne, France (Early Oligocene))
martynovi (Popov, 1933) (Ormety, Georgia (Serravallian, Miocene))

N

nigra Presl, 1822 (Baltic amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Priabonian, Late Eocene))

O

oblita Heer, 1867 (Radoboj, Croatia (Burdigalian, Early Miocene))
obscura Heer, 1849 (Radoboj, Croatia (Burdigalian, Early Miocene))
obtecta Heer, 1849 (Radoboj, Croatia (Burdigalian, Early Miocene))
obvoluta Heer, 1849 (Radoboj, Croatia (Burdigalian, Early Miocene))
oculata Heer, 1849 (Radoboj, Croatia (Burdigalian, Early Miocene))
orbata Heer, 1849 (Oeningen, Switzerland (Messinian, Late Miocene))
ovala Zhang, J., 1989 (Shanwang, China (Early Miocene))

P

palaeopolonica Dlussky, 2008 (Baltic amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Priabonian, Late Eocene))
paleosibirica Dlussky, Rasnitsyn & Perfilieva, 2015 (Bolshaya Svetlovodnaya, Sikhote-Alin, Russia (Priabonian, Late Eocene))
parexsecta Dlussky & Putyatina, 2014 (Radoboj, Croatia (Burdigalian, Early Miocene))
parvula Presl, 1822 (Baltic amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Priabonian, Late Eocene))
phaethusa Wheeler, W.M., 1915 (Baltic amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Priabonian, Late Eocene))
pitoni Théobald, 1935 (Lac Chambon, Auvergne, France (Pliocene))
primitiva Heer, 1849 (Oeningen, Switzerland (Messinian, Late Miocene))
primordialis Heer, 1849 (Oeningen, Switzerland (Messinian, Late Miocene))
procera Heer, 1849 (Oeningen, Switzerland (Messinian, Late Miocene))
pulchella Heer, 1849 (Oeningen, Switzerland (Messinian, Late Miocene))

Q

quadrata Holl, 1829 (Baltic amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Priabonian, Late Eocene))

R

radchenkoi Dlussky, 2008 (Rovno amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Priabonian, Late Eocene))
ribbeckei Radchenko & Perkovsky, 2021 (Rovno amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Priabonian, Late Eocene))
robusta Carpenter Carpenter, 1930 (Florissant, Colorado, United States (Late Eocene))

S

sepulta Théobald, 1937 (Aix-en-Provence, France (Late Oligocene))
serresi Théobald, 1937 (Aix-en-Provence, France (Late Oligocene))
seuberti Heer, 1849 (Oeningen, Switzerland (Messinian, Late Miocene))
strangulata Wheeler, W.M., 1915 (Baltic amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Priabonian, Late Eocene))
surinamensis Berendt, 1830 (Baltic amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Priabonian, Late Eocene))

T

trigona Presl, 1822 (Baltic amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Priabonian, Late Eocene))
tripartita Théobald, 1937 (Kleinkems, Germany (Early Oligocene))

U

ungeri Heer, 1849 (Radoboj, Croatia (Burdigalian, Early Miocene))
ungeri neutra Heer, 1849 (Fossil (details uncertain))

Z

zherikhini Dlussky, 2008 (Baltic amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Priabonian, Late Eocene))