Formica yessensis
Formica yessensis | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Hymenoptera |
Family: | Formicidae |
Subfamily: | Formicinae |
Tribe: | Formicini |
Genus: | Formica |
Species: | F. yessensis |
Binomial name | |
Formica yessensis Wheeler, W.M., 1913 |
Common Name | |
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Ezo-akayama-ari | |
Language: | Japanese |
This species builds discrete nests at relatively well insolated places. The mounds are up to 1 m in diameter, and constructed from dead grass or conifer needles. A huge supercolony consisting of 45,000 nests, which extend by budding, is present along the coast of Ishikari Bay, Hokkaido (Higashi & Yamauchi, 1979). Queens are not particularly large when compared to workers, implying that F. yessensis is possibly a temporary social parasite, like Formica fukaii. Reproductive alates fly in August (Ito & Imamura, 1974). Various studies have been carried out on the ecology of this species (Higashi, 1974, 1978a, 1978b; Imamura, 1974, 1978, 1982). The southernmost known locality in Honshu is Mt. Kintoki, Kanagawa Prefecture (Kondoh, 1961). (Japanese Ant Image Database)
At a Glance | • Polygynous • Supercolonies • Temporary parasite |
Identification
Keys including this Species
Distribution
Latitudinal Distribution Pattern
Latitudinal Range: 43.768425° to 34.78396°.
North Temperate |
North Subtropical |
Tropical | South Subtropical |
South Temperate |
- Source: AntMaps
Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Palaearctic Region: China, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Japan (type locality), Republic of Korea, Russian Federation.
Distribution based on AntMaps
Distribution based on AntWeb specimens
Check data from AntWeb
Countries Occupied
Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species. |
Estimated Abundance
Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species. |
Biology
This species is a temporary parasite for the ant Formica (Serviformica) species (a host) (de la Mora et al., 2021; Ruano et al., 2018). (species of host unknown).
This species is a mutualist for the aphid Tuberculatus quercicola (a trophobiont) (Yao and Akimoto, 2001; Yao and Akimoto, 2009; Saddiqui et al., 2019).
Flight Period
X | |||||||||||
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Source: Ito & Imamura, 1974. Notes: Japan.
- Check details at Worldwide Ant Nuptial Flights Data, AntNupTracker and AntKeeping.
- Explore: Show all Flight Month data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
Life History Traits
- Queen number: polygynous (Rissing and Pollock, 1988; Frumhoff & Ward, 1992)
- Queen mating frequency: multiple (Rissing and Pollock, 1988; Frumhoff & Ward, 1992)
- Colony type: supercolony
- Maximum colony size: 45000
- Colony founding: dependent
- Foraging behaviour: trunk trail (Beckers et al., 1989)
Castes
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- yessensis. Formica truncicola var. yessensis Wheeler, W.M. 1913f: 391 (in key) (w.) JAPAN. [First available use of Formica rufa r. truncicola var. yessensis Forel, 1901h: 66; unavailable name.] Kupyanskaya, 1984: 103 (q.m.); Imai, 1966: 119 (k.). Subspecies of truncicola: Ruzsky, 1926: 110; of truncorum: Wheeler, W.M. 1933c: 66. Junior synonym of lugubris: Dlussky, 1967a: 91. Revived from synonymy and raised to species: Collingwood, 1976: 304. See also: Kupyanskaya, 1990: 194.
Description
Karyotype
- See additional details at the Ant Chromosome Database.
- Explore: Show all Karyotype data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
- n = 26, 2n = 52 (Japan) (Imai, 1966; Imai, 1969).
References
- Baer, B. 2011. The copulation biology of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News 14: 55-68.
- Beckers R., Goss, S., Deneubourg, J.L., Pasteels, J.M. 1989. Colony size, communication and ant foraging Strategy. Psyche 96: 239-256 (doi:10.1155/1989/94279).
- Burchill, A.T., Moreau, C.S. 2016. Colony size evolution in ants: macroevolutionary trends. Insectes Sociaux 63, 291–298 (doi:10.1007/s00040-016-0465-3).
- Chen, Y., Zhou, S. 2017. Phylogenetic relationships based on DNA barcoding among 16 species of the ant genus Formica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from China. Journal of Insect Science 17(6): 117; 1–7 (doi:10.1093/jisesa/iex092).
- Collingwood, C. A. 1976a. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from North Korea. Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 68: 295-309 (page 304, Raised to species)
- Dlussky, G. M. 1967a. Ants of the genus Formica (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, g. Formica). Moskva: Nauka Publishing House, 236 pp. (page 91, Junior synonym of lugubris)
- Higashi, S. 1983. Polygyny and nuptial flight of Formica (Formica) yessensis Forel at Ishikari Coast, Hokkaido, Japan. Insectes Sociaux 3): 287-297 (doi:10.1007/BF02223986).
- Higashi, S., Yamauchi, K. 1979. Influence of a supercolonial ant Formica (Formica) yessensis Forel on the distribution of other ants in Ishikari Coast. Japanese Journal of Ecology 29: 257-264.
- Imai, H. T. 1966b. The chromosome observation techniques of ants and the chromosomes of Formicinae and Myrmicinae. Acta Hymenopterol. 2: 119-131 (page 119, karyotype described)
- Imai, H.T., Kihara, A., Kondoh, M., Kubota, M., Kuribayashi, S., Ogata, K., Onoyama, K., Taylor, R.W., Terayama, M., Yoshimura, M., Ugawa, Y. 2003. Ants of Japan. 224 pp, Gakken, Japan.
- Kim, G., Lyu, D. 2012. Distribution of Ants (Insecta, Hymenoptera) in Chiaksan Mountain, Prov. Gangweon, Korea. Journal of Korean Nature 5, 127–129 (doi:10.7229/jkn.2012.5.2.127).
- Kupyanskaya, A. N. 1984. The ant Formica yessensis Forel, 1901 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in southern Primorye Territory. Pp. 98-112 in: Ler, P. A. (ed.) The fauna and ecology of insects in the south of the Far East. Collected scientific papers. Vladivos (page 103, queen, male described)
- Kupyanskaya, A. N. 1990a. Ants of the Far Eastern USSR. Vladivostok: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 258 pp. (page 194, see also)
- Kwon, T.-S. 2015. Ant assemblages along the Baekdudaegan Mountain Range in South Korea: Human roads and temperature niche. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 8, 152–157 (doi:10.1016/j.japb.2015.05.001).
- Ruzsky, M. 1926. A systematic list of the ants found in Siberia. I. Review of the species of the genera Camponotus (s. ext.) and Formica (s. str.). Izv. Tomsk. Gos. Univ. 77: 107-111 (page 110, Subspecies of truncicola)
- Seifert, B. 2021. A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) – the famous mound-building red wood ants. Myrmecological News 31: 133-179 (doi:10.25849/MYRMECOL.NEWS_031:133).
- Siddiqui, J. A., Li, J., Zou, X., Bodlah, I., Huang, X. 2019. Meta-analysis of the global diversity and spatial patterns of aphid-ant mutualistic relationships. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 17: 5471-5524 (doi:10.15666/aeer/1703_54715524).
- Wheeler, W. M. 1913i. A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (Linné) Mayr. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 53: 379-565 (page 391, (in key) worker described)
- Wheeler, W. M. 1933c. New ants from China and Japan. Psyche (Camb.) 40: 65-67 (page 66, Variety of truncorum)
References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics
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- Choi B.M. 1998. Distribution of ants (Formicidae) in Korea (19) Ants fauna from Chungcheongbukdo Province. Cheongju Tea. Coll. 35: 213-266.
- Choi B.M., K. Ogata, and M. Terayama. 1993. Comparative studies of ant faunas of Korea and Japan. 1. Faunal comparison among islands of Southern Korean and northern Kyushu, Japan. Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan 48(1): 37-49.
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- Collingwood C. A. 1976. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from North Korea. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 68:
- Collingwood C. A. 1981. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Korea, 2. Folia Entomologica Hungarica 42(34): 25-30.
- Forel A. 1901. Formiciden des Naturhistorischen Museums zu Hamburg. Neue Calyptomyrmex-, Dacryon-, Podomyrma- und Echinopla-Arten. Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hambg. 18: 43-82.
- Guénard B., and R. R. Dunn. 2012. A checklist of the ants of China. Zootaxa 3558: 1-77.
- Hayashida K. 1957. Ecological distribution of ants in Sapporo and vicinity. (Preliminary report.). Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series VI. Zoology 13:173-177.
- Hayashida K. 1961. Studies on the ecological distribution of ants in Sapporo and its vicinity (1 et 2). Insectes Sociaux 7: 125-162.
- Hayashida K. 1964. Studies on the ecological distribution of ants in Kutchan and its adjacent area. Journal of the Sapporo Otani Junior College 2: 107-129.
- Hayashida K. 1971. Vertical distribution of ants in the southern part of the Hidaka mountains. [In Japanese.]. Memoirs of the National Science Museum (Tokyo) 4:29-38.
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- Ichinose K. 1990. The Ant Fauna of the Tomakomai Experiment Forest, Hokkaido University (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Notes on the Nuptial Season. Research Bulletins of College Experiment Forests 47(1) 137-144.
- Ito F. 1987. Effects of a red wood ant, Formica (Formica) yessensis FOREL, on the populations of moth larvae and aphids on Quercus dentata. ARI Reports of the Myrmecologists Society (Japan) 15: 2
- Kim B.J. 1996. Synonymic list and distribution of Formicidae (Hymenoptera) in Korea. Entomological Research Bulletin Supplement 169-196.
- Kim B.J., K.G. Kim, D.P. Ryu, J.H. Kim. 1995. Ants of Chindo island in Korea (Hymenoptera; Formicidae). The Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology 11(1): 101-113.
- Kim C. H., and Y. Murakami. 1980. Ecological studies on Formica yessensis Forel, with special reference to its effectiveness as a biological control agent of the Pine caterpillar moth in Korea: I. Geographical and ecological distributions of Formica yessensis Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University 24(4): 239-245.
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- Kwon T. S. 2015. Ant assemblages along the Baekdudaegan Mountain Range in South Korea: Human roads and temperature niche. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 8: 152-157.
- Kwon T. S., S. S. Kim, and J. H. Chun. 2014. Pattern of ant diversity in Korea: An empirical test of Rapoport's altitudinal rule. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 17: 161167.
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- Common Name
- Polygynous
- Supercolonies
- Temporary parasite
- North temperate
- North subtropical
- Ant Associate
- Host of Formica (Serviformica) species
- Aphid Associate
- Host of Tuberculatus quercicola
- FlightMonth
- Karyotype
- Species
- Extant species
- Formicidae
- Formicinae
- Formicini
- Formica
- Formica yessensis
- Formicinae species
- Formicini species
- Formica species
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