Plagiolepis pygmaea

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Plagiolepis pygmaea
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Formicinae
Tribe: Plagiolepidini
Genus: Plagiolepis
Species: P. pygmaea
Binomial name
Plagiolepis pygmaea
(Latreille, 1798)

Plagiolepis pygmaea casent0173129 profile 1.jpg

Plagiolepis pygmaea casent0173129 dorsal 1.jpg

Specimen Label

Subspecies
Synonyms

A widespread south-European species, with some related forms occurring in the Mediterranean region (Rigato & Toni, 2011). Pashaei Rad et al. (2018) found this species in Iran on parkland ground in a moderate rainfall area. It is the most common and ubiquistic species of the genus Plagiolepis in Greece and is known from all provinces. So far, it was recorded from various habitats: from sea coast to mountains up to 2000 m a.s.l. It prefers warm sites, and next to members of the Pheidole pallidula complex is often a pioneering species in areas disturbed by human activity (Borowiec & Salata, 2021).

At a Glance • Polygynous  • Supercolonies  

Photo Gallery

  • Plagiolepis pygmaea worker. Photo by Michal Kukla

Identification

Keys including this Species

Distribution

This is the most common and ubiquitous species of the genus Plagiolepis in Greece, and is known from all Greek provinces (Borowiec et al., 2022).

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 51.014° to 28.186389°.

   
North
Temperate
North
Subtropical
Tropical South
Subtropical
South
Temperate

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Palaearctic Region: Afghanistan, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Balearic Islands, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Islands, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France (type locality), Georgia, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, Iran, Israel, Italy, Malta, Montenegro, Morocco, Portugal, North Macedonia, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Türkiye.

Distribution based on AntMaps

AntMapLegend.png

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.
pChart

Biology

Plants

Guiliani et al. (2019) observed this species foraging on extrafloral nectaries of the invasive Reynoutria x bohemica (Polygonaceae) in Tuscany. The habitats examined were river banks and disturbed habitats.

Association with Other Organisms

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Other Ants

This species is a host for the inquiline Plagiolepis grassei and the workerless inquiline Plagiolepis xene.

Other Insects

  • This species is associated with the aphids Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis gerardianae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis spiraecola and Brachycaudus cardui (Saddiqui et al., 2019 and included references).
  • This ant has been associated with the butterflies Tomares ballus, Pseudophilotes abencerragus, Leptotes pirithous and a species that has recently been recognized as two species: Polyommatus icarus and Polyommatus celin (Obregon et al. 2015).
  • This species is a host for the diapriid wasp Plagiopria passerai (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).

Fungi

  • This species is a host for the fungus Myrmicinosporidium durum (a pathogen) in Italy, Spain, Yugoslavia (Sanchez-Peña et al., 1993; García & Espadaler, 2010; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012).

Life History Traits

  • Queen number: polygynous (Rissing and Pollock, 1988; Frumhoff & Ward, 1992)
  • Queen type: winged (Rissing and Pollock, 1988; Frumhoff & Ward, 1992) (queenless worker reproduction)

Castes

Queen

Images from AntWeb

Plagiolepis pygmaea casent0173130 head 1.jpgPlagiolepis pygmaea casent0173130 profile 1.jpgPlagiolepis pygmaea casent0173130 profile 2.jpgPlagiolepis pygmaea casent0173130 dorsal 1.jpgPlagiolepis pygmaea casent0173130 label 1.jpg
Queen (alate/dealate). Specimen code casent0173130. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Male

Images from AntWeb

Plagiolepis pygmaea casent0173131 head 1.jpgPlagiolepis pygmaea casent0173131 profile 1.jpgPlagiolepis pygmaea casent0173131 profile 2.jpgPlagiolepis pygmaea casent0173131 profile 3.jpgPlagiolepis pygmaea casent0173131 dorsal 1.jpgPlagiolepis pygmaea casent0173131 label 1.jpg
Queen (alate/dealate). Specimen code casent0173131. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

  • pygmaea. Formica pygmaea Latreille, 1798: 45 (w.q.) FRANCE. Schenck, 1852: 69 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953c: 135 (l.). Combination in Plagiolepis: Mayr, 1861: 43. Senior synonym of dufourii: Menozzi, 1925a: 19 (footnote); of obscuriscapus: Boer, 2008: 486. Current subspecies: nominal plus bulawayensis, mima, minu. See also: Stitz, 1939: 231; Kutter, 1977c: 185; Sharaf, Aldawood & Taylor, 2011: 207.
  • dufourii. Micromyrma dufourii Perris, 1878: 382 (w.) FRANCE. Junior synonym of Tapinoma erraticum: Dalla Torre, 1893: 165; Emery, 1913a: 40; Forel, 1915d: 43; of Plagiolepis pygmaea: Menozzi, 1925a: 19 (footnote).
  • obscuriscapus. Plagiolepis pygmaea var. obscuriscapus Santschi, 1923a: 137 (w.) ITALY. Stärcke, 1936: 278 (q.). Raised to species: Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 57. Junior synonym of pygmaea: Boer, 2008: 486.

Type Material

Sharaf et al. (2011) - France, Brive (Musee National d'Histoire Naturelle) [not examined]. Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.

Description

Worker

Sharaf et al. (2011) - TL 1.49-1.92, HL 0.38-0.46, HW 0.35-0.42, SL 0.32-0.46, EL 0.08-0.12, SI 91-110, CI 97-91, PRW 0.24-0.28, ML 0.41-0.44 (N=3).

Body uniformly brown or blackish brown, legs yellow, mandibles, antennae and coxae yellowish brown. Smooth and shining. Head distinctly longer than broad with convex sides. Occiput distinctly concave with rounded corners. Eyes relatively large with 9-10 ommatidia in the longest row (EL 0.12) and (0.28 x HW). Clypeus with several relatively long hairs, that are not restricted to the anterior margin. Scape surpassing posterior margin of head by at least one and half times its thickness. Funicular segments 2-4 distinctly broader than long. Fifth funicular segment longer than broad. Pubescence whitish, appressed and abundant on antennae, head and gaster but less abundant on mesosoma and legs. Posterior margins of all gastral tergites with many relative long and stiff hairs.

Karyotype

  • n = 9, 2n = 18 (Croatia; Spain; Switzerland) (Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1983).
  • n = 9, 2n = 18, karyotype = 14M+2SM+2ST (Spain) (Palomeque et al., 1993a).

Worker Morphology

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  • Caste: monomorphic

References

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

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