Acromyrmex octospinosus
Acromyrmex octospinosus | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Hymenoptera |
Family: | Formicidae |
Subfamily: | Myrmicinae |
Tribe: | Attini |
Genus: | Acromyrmex |
Species: | A. octospinosus |
Binomial name | |
Acromyrmex octospinosus (Reich, 1793) | |
Subspecies | |
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Synonyms | |
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Acromyrmex octospinosus is a host species of the social parasite Acromyrmex insinuator.
At a Glance | • Highly invasive |
Identification
Median pronotal spines usually present and distinct, occasionally reduced or absent; head tapering behind eyes; head width less than or equal to 1.7 mm.
Distribution
Latitudinal Distribution Pattern
Latitudinal Range: 23.133° to -14.81°.
North Temperate |
North Subtropical |
Tropical | South Subtropical |
South Temperate |
- Source: AntMaps
Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Neotropical Region: Brazil, Cuba, Ecuador, French Guiana (type locality), Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.
Distribution based on AntMaps
Distribution based on AntWeb specimens
Check data from AntWeb
Countries Occupied
Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species. |
Biology
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Boulogne et al. (2018) - Acromyrmex octospinosus causes serious damage to fields crops, pastures and plantations due to their foraging activities for its symbiotic fungus cultivation (Pérez et al 2011). Estimated damage was, for example, several million dollars per year in USA and Brazil (Cameron & Riggs 1985). A. octospinosus is native to South and Central America and exotic to Guadeloupe. This species was introduced in Guadeloupe in 1954 and progressively colonized the entire territory (Boulogne et al 2014), causing ongoing damage in both agricultural and protected areas. The 1995 cyclone favored ant invasion in natural areas where some plant species, such as the endemic arborescent ferns of the genus Cyathea, are now threatened and might completely disappear (Boulogne et al 2014). The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) classifies this ant among the most serious pests of tropical and subtropical America (Pollard 1982).
Fernandez- Marin et al. (2003) - Incipient nests of Acromyrmex octospinosus have only 3-7 workers.
Nehring et al. (2015) - While this species is parastized by queens of Acromyrmex insinuator, this social parasite is not able to reproduce in Acromyrmex octospinosus colonies. The sympatric Acromyrmex echinatior is also parasitized by A. insinuator and is able to reproduce within colonies of this other host.
Weber (1958) - The springtail species Cyphoderus inaequalis Folsom (Lepidocyrtidae: Cyphoderinae) is known from nests of this ant.
Association with Other Organisms
- Explore: Show all Associate data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
- This species is a host for the fungus Ophiocordyceps kniphofioides (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
- This species is a host for the nematode Steinerema carpocapsae (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (multiple encounter modes; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest).
Life History Traits
- Mean colony size: 50,000 (Beckers et al., 1989)
- Foraging behaviour: mass recruiter (Beckers et al., 1989)
Castes
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- octospinosus. Formica octospinosa Reich, 1793: 132 (w.) FRENCH GUIANA.
- Type-material: holotype (?) worker.
- [Note: no indication of number of specimens is given.]
- Type-locality: French Guiana: Cayenne (Le Blond).
- Type-depository: unknown (no material known to exist).
- [Notes (i): specimen(s) possibly in MNHN as Reich is attributed to the Natural History Society of Paris; (ii) G.C. Reich is not mentioned in Horn & Kahle, 1936, 1937.]
- Forel, 1893e: 590 (s.q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. 1949: 674 (l.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986d: 496 (l.).
- Combination in Atta: Emery, 1892b: 163;
- combination in Atta (Acromyrmex): Forel, 1893e: 590;
- combination in Acromyrmex: Mann, 1916: 454.
- Status as species: Forel, 1893e: 590 (redescription); André, 1893b: 152; Dalla Torre, 1893: 153; Emery, 1894c: 220; Forel, 1895b: 139; Forel, 1899c: 34; Forel, 1905b: 157; Emery, 1905c: 44; Wheeler, W.M. 1905b: 130; Forel, 1907e: 2; Forel, 1908b: 42; Forel, 1908e: 69; Forel, 1912e: 181; Wheeler, W.M. 1913b: 495; Santschi, 1913h: 41; Mann, 1916: 454; Wheeler, W.M. 1916d: 326; Crawley, 1916b: 373; Wheeler, W.M. 1922c: 13; Emery, 1924d: 350; Santschi, 1925a: 391 (in key); Borgmeier, 1927c: 134; Wheeler, W.M. 1933a: 63; Wheeler, W.M. 1937c: 15, 69; Santschi, 1939e: 319 (in key); Santschi, 1939f: 166; Weber, 1941b: 125; Weber, 1945: 62; Weber, 1946b: 154; Brown, 1957e: 236; Gonçalves, 1961: 157; Kempf, 1972a: 14; Alayo, 1974: 42; Cherrett & Cherrett, 1989: 51; Bolton, 1995b: 56; Branstetter & Sáenz, 2012: 257; Fernández, et al. 2015: 70 (redescription); Fernández & Serna, 2019: 834.
- Senior synonym of guentheri: Emery, 1894c: 220; Forel, 1899c: 34, Santschi, 1913h: 41; Emery, 1924d: 350; Borgmeier, 1927c: 134; Gonçalves, 1961: 157; Kempf, 1972a: 14; Bolton, 1995b: 56; Fernández, et al. 2015: 71.
- Senior synonym of pallida Crawley: Wheeler, W.M. 1937c: 70; Gonçalves, 1961: 157; Kempf, 1972a: 14; Bolton, 1995b: 56; Fernández, et al. 2015: 71.
- Distribution: Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Trinidad, Venezuela.
- Current subspecies: nominal plus cubanus, ekchuah, inti.
- guentheri. Atta (Acromyrmex) guentheri Forel, 1893e: 594 (s.w.q.m.) TRINIDAD, VENEZUELA.
- Type-material: syntype workers, syntype queens, syntype males (numbers not stated).
- Type-localities: Trinidad: (no further data) (Günther), Trinidad: (no further data) (F.W. Urich), Venezuela: (no further data) (F. Meinert).
- Type-depository: MHNG (perhaps also ZMUC).
- Junior synonym of octospinosus: Emery, 1894c: 220; Forel, 1899c: 34; Santschi, 1913h: 41; Emery, 1924d: 350; Borgmeier, 1927c: 134; Gonçalves, 1961: 157; Kempf, 1972a: 14; Bolton, 1995b: 55; Fernández, et al. 2015: 71.
- pallida. Acromyrmex octospinosa var. pallida Crawley, 1921: 92 (s.w.) GUYANA.
- Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
- Type-locality: Guyana (“British Guiana”): Issororo, 1918, no. 422 (Bodkin).
- Type-depository: BMNH.
- [Unresolved junior secondary homonym of Oecodoma pallida Smith, F. 1858b: 187 (Bolton, 1995b: 56).]
- Subspecies of octospinosus: Santschi, 1925a: 359; Santschi, 1939e: 319 (in key); Santschi, 1939f: 166 (in key).
- Junior synonym of octospinosus: Wheeler, W.M. 1937c: 70; Gonçalves, 1961: 157; Kempf, 1972a: 14; Bolton, 1995b: 56; Fernández, et al. 2015: 71.
- pampanus. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) balzani subsp. pampanus Weber, 1938b: 200 (w.q.m.) BOLIVIA.
- Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated), 1 syntype queen (headless), 1 syntype male.
- Type-localities: Bolivia: Rosario (Lake Rocagua), xi.1921 (W.M. Mann) (invalid restriction of type-locality by Kempf, 1972a: 16; no lectotype designated), Bolivia: Reyes, x.1921 (W.M. Mann).
- Type-depository: USNM (perhaps also MCZC).
- Subspecies of balzani: Weber, 1958d: 264; Brandão, 1991: 323.
- Subspecies of landolti: Kempf, 1972a: 16.
- Synonym of multituber: Fowler, 1988: 284; Brandão, 1991: 323.
- [Note: Fowler and Brandão give pampanus as senior synonym, but multituber has priority (Bolton, 1995b: 56).]
Description
References
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- Pages using DynamicPageList3 parser function
- Highly invasive
- Need species key
- Tropical
- Ant Associate
- Host of Acromyrmex insinuator
- Fungus Associate
- Host of Ophiocordyceps kniphofioides
- Nematode Associate
- Host of Steinerema carpocapsae
- Species
- Extant species
- Formicidae
- Myrmicinae
- Attini
- Acromyrmex
- Acromyrmex octospinosus
- Myrmicinae species
- Attini species
- Acromyrmex species