Temnothorax tuberum

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Temnothorax tuberum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Myrmicinae
Tribe: Crematogastrini
Genus: Temnothorax
Species group: tuberum
Species: T. tuberum
Binomial name
Temnothorax tuberum
(Fabricius, 1775)

Temnothorax tuberum casent0008636 profile 1.jpg

Temnothorax tuberum casent0008636 dorsal 1.jpg

Specimen labels

Synonyms
At a Glance • Polygynous  

Identification

Colour varies from entirely pale yellowish brown with the head pale to almost black and the dorsum of the gaster brownish. The antennal clubs are brown to brownish black contrasting with the rest of the funiculus. The head and clypeus are longitudinally striate and the alitrunk rugose. The petiole node has a distinct but short truncate dorsal area; propodeal spines are very short but quite distinct. Length: 2.3-3.4 mm (Collingwood 1979).

Distribution

A common and very widely distributed species in the mountains of Central Europe from Spain to the Caucasus and North Italy to Central Sweden (Collingwood 1979).

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 65.505015° to 35.248591°.

 
North
Temperate 		North
Subtropical 		Tropical South
Subtropical 		South
Temperate

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Palaearctic Region: Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, France (type locality), Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, Iran, Jersey, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea, North Macedonia, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden (type locality), Switzerland, Türkiye.

Distribution based on AntMaps

AntMapLegend.png

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.
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Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.
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Biology

Collingwood (1979) - This species characteristically nests in small single queened colonies under stones and in rock crevices. In Scandinavia it is restricted to warm lowland habitats. The alatae are found in July and August.

The original and very brief description was based on Swedish material but the types are lost. Most Scandinavian samples have dark heads and could be referred to the supposed species L. nigriceps Mayr, 1855. In England where L. tuberum is locally abundant along the south coast, the colour tends to be uniformly pale but samples also occur with dark heads and there are no structural differences between dark headed and light coloured series.

Flight Period

X X X
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Source: antkeeping.info.

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Association with Other Organisms

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Nematode

  • This species is a host for the nematode Mermithidae (unspecified "Mermix") (a parasite) in Germany (Gosswald, 1930; Laciny, 2021).

Fungi

  • This species is a host for the fungus Myrmicinosporidium durum (a pathogen) in Germany (Holldobler, 1933; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012).

Life History Traits

  • Queen number: polygynous (Frumhoff & Ward, 1992)
  • Queen type: winged (Frumhoff & Ward, 1992) (queenless and queen-right(?) worker reproduction)

Castes

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

  • tuberum. Formica tuberum Fabricius, 1775: 393 (w.) SWEDEN.
    • [Misspelled as tuberosa by Latreille, 1802c: 259, Latreille, 1809: 131.]
    • Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 183 (q.m.); Nylander, 1846a: 939 (q.m.); Adlerz, 1886: 82 (gynandromorph); Hauschteck, 1962: 219 (k.).
    • Combination in Manica: Jurine, 1807: 279;.
    • Combination in Myrmica: Latreille, 1809: 131.
    • Combination in Leptothorax: Mayr, 1855: 442.
    • Combination in Temnothorax: Bolton, 2003: 271.
    • Status as species: Fabricius, 1782: 492; Fabricius, 1787: 309; Gmelin, 1790: 2801; Christ, 1791: 505; Olivier, 1792: 497; Fabricius, 1793: 358; Fabricius, 1804: 407; Latreille, 1809: 131; Billberg, 1820: 104; Stephens, 1829: 356; Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 183; Zetterstedt, 1838: 452; Nylander, 1846a: 939; Smith, F. 1851: 4; Schenck, 1852: 131; Curtis, 1854: 216; Mayr, 1855: 442 (redescription); Nylander, 1856b: 91; Smith, F. 1858b: 119; Mayr, 1861: 59 (in key); Roger, 1863b: 26; Mayr, 1863: 427; Forel, 1874: 84 (in key); André, 1874: 191 (in key); Emery & Forel, 1879: 458; Provancher, 1881b: 359; Provancher, 1883: 602; André, 1883a: 298 (in key); Forel, 1886e: clxviii; Cresson, 1887: 261; Nasonov, 1889: 31; Emery, 1891b: 5 (in key); Forel, 1892i: 314; Lameere, 1892: 68; Dalla Torre, 1893: 127; Ruzsky, 1896: 72; Saunders, E. 1896: 37; Ruzsky, 1902d: 21; Ruzsky, 1905b: 582; Viehmeyer, 1906: 68; Wasmann, 1906: 119 (in key); Bondroit, 1910: 496; Santschi, 1910e: 649; Karavaiev, 1912b: 581; Krausse, 1912b: 162; Stitz, 1914: 62; Crawley, 1914a: 91 (in key); Emery, 1914d: 157; Emery, 1914e: 2; Forel, 1915d: 22 (in key); Karavaiev, 1916: 499; Escherich, 1917: 328 (in key); Menozzi, 1918: 85; Nadig, 1918: 339; Santschi, 1919e: 242; Soudek, 1922: 51; Finzi, 1924a: 13; Emery, 1924d: 256; Donisthorpe, 1927b: 181; Karavaiev, 1927c: 266 (in key); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929b: 43; Santschi, 1926f: 287; Karavaiev, 1930b: 146; Karavaiev, 1931e: 212; Karavaiev, 1934: 139; Novák & Sadil, 1941: 92 (in key); Novák, in Kratochvíl, et al. 1944: 120; Schmitz, 1950: 15; Ceballos, 1956: 307; Collingwood, 1962: 218; Baroni Urbani, 1964c: 157; Arnol'di, 1971: 1825 (in key); Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 124; Pisarski, 1975: 21; Arnol’di, 1977a: 204; Tarbinsky, 1976: 96 (redescription); van Boven, 1977: 106; Kutter, 1977c: 134; Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 543 (in key); Collingwood, 1978: 85 (in key); Collingwood, 1979: 75; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 276 (in key); Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 60; Casevitz-Weulersse, 1990c: 418 (in key); Douwes & Stille, 1991: 173; Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 142; Arakelian, 1994: 58; Radchenko, 1994d: 157 (in key); Douwes, 1995: 90; Bolton, 1995b: 246; Radchenko, 1995c: 14; Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 16 (in key); Orledge, 1998: 25; Czechowski, et al. 2002: 44; Seifert, 2007: 234; Zryanin & Zryanina, 2007: 231; Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 496; Lapeva-Gjonova, et al. 2010: 25; Boer, 2010: 52; Legakis, 2011: 19; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2012: 546; Czechowski, et al. 2012: 139; Salata & Borowiec, 2013: 407; Borowiec, L. 2014: 192; Radchenko, 2016: 229.
    • Senior synonym of acutinodis: Arakelian, 1994: 58; Radchenko, 2016: 229.
    • Senior synonym of alaicus: Radchenko, 1995c: 14; Radchenko, 2016: 229.
    • Senior synonym of curvithorax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 496.
    • Senior synonym of melanocephalus: Blatrix et al., 2020: 426.
    • Senior synonym of nigricephalus: Radchenko, 1995c: 14; Radchenko, 2016: 229.
    • Senior synonym of pratostepposus: Radchenko, 1994d: 157 (in key); Radchenko, 2016: 229.
    • Senior synonym of pyrenaeus: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 496.
    • Senior synonym of stipaceus: Radchenko, 1995c: 14; Radchenko, 2016: 229.
    • Senior synonym of tuberosa: Stephens, 1829: 356; Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 183; Nylander, 1846a: 939; Smith, F. 1851: 4; Dalla Torre, 1893: 127; Ruzsky, 1905b: 582; Emery, 1924d: 256; Radchenko, 2016: 229.
    • Material of the nomen nudum nigroscutellata referred here by Emery, 1914e: 2.
  • melanocephalus. Leptothorax melanocephalus Emery, 1870: 197 (w.) FRANCE (Corsica).
    • As unavailable (infrasubspecific) name: Emery & Forel, 1879: 458.
    • Subspecies of tuberum: André, 1883a: 298; Forel, 1890a: lxxiv; Emery, 1891b: 5; Dalla Torre, 1893: 128; Emery, 1914d: 158; Santschi, 1919e: 242; Ceballos, 1956: 307.
    • Junior synonym of nigriceps: Forel, 1874: 102 (in list).
    • Status as species: Bondroit, 1920a: 154; Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 115; Collingwood, 1978: 70; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 276 (in key); Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 138; Lapeva-Gjonova, et al. 2010: 23; Radchenko, 2016: 223.
    • Junior synonym of tuberum: Casevitz-Weulersse, 1990c: 420; Bolton, 1995b: 241; Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 496; Borowiec, L. 2014: 192; Blatrix et al., 2020: 426.
  • pyrenaeus. Leptothorax nigriceps var. pyrenaeus Bondroit, 1918: 126 (w.q.) FRANCE.
    • Status as species: Bondroit, 1920b: 304; Borowiec, L. 2014: 187 (error).
    • Subspecies of nigriceps: Bolton, 1995b: 243.
    • Junior synonym of tuberum: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 496.
  • tuberosa. Formica tuberosa Latreille, 1802c: 259 (w.q.) FRANCE. Erroneous rendering and hence junior synonym of tuberum: Stephens, 1829: 356; Dalla Torre, 1893: 127.
  • stipaceus. Leptothorax tuberum subsp. stipaceus Ruzsky, 1905b: 586 (w.q.m.) RUSSIA. Raised to species: Ruzsky, 1925b: 45. See also: Arnol'di, 1971: 1825. Junior synonym of tuberum: Radchenko, 1995c: 14.
  • nigricephala. Leptothorax (Leptothorax) tuberum var. nigricephala Karavaiev, 1930b: 146 (w.q.) SWEDEN. [Also described as new by Karavaiev, 1931e: 212.] Junior synonym of tuberum: Radchenko, 1995c: 14.
  • alaicus. Leptothorax tuberum subsp. alaicus Tarbinsky, 1976: 97 (w.) KYRGYZSTAN. Junior synonym of tuberum: Radchenko, 1995c: 14.
  • acutinodis. Leptothorax tuberum subsp. acutinodis Arnol'di, 1977a: 204 (w.) ARMENIA. [Leptothorax tuberum subsp. acutinodis Arnol'di, 1948: 211. Nomen nudum.] Junior synonym of tuberum: Arakelian, 1994: 58; Radchenko, 1995c: 15.
  • pratostepposus. Leptothorax pratostepposus Arnol'di, 1977a: 202 (w.q.) RUSSIA. Junior synonym of tuberum: Radchenko, 1994d: 157 (in key); Radchenko, 1995c: 14.

The following notes on V.A. Karavaiev type specimens have been provided by Martynov & Radchenko (2016) based on material held in the Institute of Zoology, Ukrainian Academy of Science:

Leptothorax (Leptothorax) tuberum F. var. nigricephala Karawajew, 1930: 146.

Type locality(-ies): “Gotland (44 Fundorte, 47 Proben): 2, 3, 11, 12, 31, 32, 38, 39, 41, 43, 68, 72, 75, 79, 79*, 80, 81, 91, 103, 107, 108, 111, 192, 193, 194, 206, 207, 217, 218, 220, 221, 221*, 225, 226, 228, 229.

Oeland: (19 Fundorte, 21 Proben): 2,b, 3, 9, 12,c, 15,c, 15,e, 18,a, 18,f, 22, 27,e, 35,d, 35,h, 36,a, 36,c, 41,b, 42,b, 51,c, 52,b, 55, 57,a, 69,c, 80,c” (for details of these localities see Karawajew, 1930, pp. 110–144).

Original Karawajew label(-s): “Leptothorax (Leptothorax) / tuberum F. v. nigricephala Kar. / typus. Gotland, H. Lohmander / leg. Karavaiev dt.”; “Leptothorax (Leptothorax) / tuberum F. v. nigricephala / Kar. typus. Oeland, Loh- / mader leg. Karavaiew det.”.

Material: SYNTYPES, 12 w, 2 q, 1 m (newly mounted, IN 314/6/1), 1078 w, 61 q, 40 m, 12 pupae (in alcohol, IN 314/BAMS1/Karaw62, 64).

Notes. Karawajew (1930, 1931) had investigated abundant material from Sweden (including Islandes Gotland and Öland) collected by H. Lohmander. He had recorded for these territories only three species from the former genus Leptothorax: L. acervorum (F.), L. muscorum (Nyl.), and L. tuberum nigricephala (for the details of the taxonomic history of this genus see Bolton 2003). Thus, any material of var. nigricephala collected by Lohmander in Sweden and preserved in Karawajew’s collection could be considered as syntypes of this taxon.

Taxonomic Notes

Salata & Borowiec (2019): Results presented by Prebus (2017) suggest that the tuberum species group (sensu Cagniant and Espadaler 1997) and unifasciatus species group (sensu Bernard 1967) are paraphyletic. In both cases species groups were defined based on West-Mediterranean taxa. Only two Greek members of the tuberum species group were included in analysis presented by Prebus (2017): Temnothorax nigriceps and Temnothorax unifasciatus and they created a separate cluster. Confirmation, if the tuberum species group as defined by us here is a natural, monophyletic group requires further studies.

Description

Karyotype

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  • n = 9 (France, Sweden, Switzerland) (Fischer, 1987) (as Leptothorax tuberum).
  • n = 9, 2n = 18 (Switzerland) (Hauschteck, 1962; Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1983) (as Leptothorax tuberum).

References

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

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