Plagiolepis pallescens

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Plagiolepis pallescens
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Formicinae
Tribe: Plagiolepidini
Genus: Plagiolepis
Species: P. pallescens
Binomial name
Plagiolepis pallescens
Forel, 1889

Plagiolepis pallescens casent0906084 p 1 high.jpg

Plagiolepis pallescens casent0906084 d 1 high.jpg

Specimen Labels

Subspecies
Synonyms

This minute species lives in small isolated colonies nesting under flat stones usually with several queens (Collingwood 1979). In Russia it occurs in steppe habitats on rocky slopes with nests in soil (Zryanin & Zryanina, 2007). It is common in Greece, being known from all Greek provinces except Epirus. It is a thermophilous species that prefers open and warm habitats. In Achaia and Aetolia-Acarnania, its nests were observed under stones in rural sites in urban areas, alpine pastures and stream valleys with plane trees (Borowiec & Salata, 2021).

At a Glance • Ergatoid queen  

Identification

Borowiec et al. (2018) - Plagiolepis pallescens differs from Plagiolepis pygmaea in elongate 3rd segment of funiculus, which is equal or only slightly shorter than 4th segment. Because of its wide variability in body colouration and shape of head the only strong feature that allows distinguishing it from Plagiolepis schmitzii and Plagiolepis perperamus is very sparse pilosity on the first segment of gaster. In P. pallescens the distance between setae is equal to full or half of the length of setae (see P. perperamus identification section). Whereas, in P. schmitzii and P. perperamus the distance between setae is equal to one third (or less) of the length of setae.

Distribution

This is a common species, recorded from all Greek provinces except Epirus (Borowiec et al., 2022).

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 50.513° to 28.133333°.

   
North
Temperate 		North
Subtropical 		Tropical South
Subtropical 		South
Temperate

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Palaearctic Region: Albania, Armenia, Austria (type locality), Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Channel Islands, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, France, Germany, Greece (type locality), Hungary, Iran, Israel, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Montenegro, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Türkiye (type locality), Ukraine (type locality), United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Distribution based on AntMaps

AntMapLegend.png

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.
pChart

Biology

Association with Other Organisms

Explore-icon.png Explore: Show all Associate data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
  • This species is a host for the ant Plagiolepis ampeloni (a workerless inquiline).
  • This species is a host for the ant Plagiolepis delaugerrei (a workerless inquiline) in Corsica, France (Casevitz-Weulersse, J. 2014).
  • This species is associated with the aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis frangulae, Aphis spiraecola, Brachycaudus (Appelia) tragopogonis, Brachycaudus tragopogonis, Callaphis juglandis, Hyalopterus amygdali, Staegeriella necopinata, Tinocallis platani and Toxoptera aurantii (Saddiqui et al., 2019 and included references).

Fungi

  • This species is a host for the fungus Myrmicinosporidium durum (a parasitoid) in Austria (Sanchez-Peña et al., 1993; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012) (as Plagiolepis vindobonensis).
  • This species is a host for the fungus Myrmicinosporidium durum (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission within nest).

Flight Period

X X X
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Source: antkeeping.info.

Explore-icon.png Explore: Show all Flight Month data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.

Castes

Ergatoid queens reported by Espadaler (2007)

Images from AntWeb

Plagiolepis pallescens casent0906253 h 1 high.jpgPlagiolepis pallescens casent0906253 d 1 high.jpgPlagiolepis pallescens casent0906253 p 1 high.jpgPlagiolepis pallescens casent0906253 l 1 high.jpg
Worker. Specimen code casent0906253. Photographer Estella Ortega, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by NHMUK, London, UK.
Plagiolepis taurica cfh000040 l 1 high.jpgPlagiolepis taurica cfh000040 h 1 high.jpgPlagiolepis taurica cfh000040 d 1 high.jpgPlagiolepis taurica cfh000040 p 1 high.jpg
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Plagiolepis vindobonensis casent0281165 d 1 high.jpgPlagiolepis vindobonensis casent0281165 h 1 high.jpgPlagiolepis vindobonensis casent0281165 p 1 high.jpgPlagiolepis vindobonensis casent0281165 l 1 high.jpg
Worker. Specimen code casent0281165. Photographer Cerise Chen, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by PSWC, Philip S. Ward Collection.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

  • pallescens. Plagiolepis pygmaea var. pallescens Forel, 1889: 265 (w.) GREECE.
    • [Misspelled as pallecens by Santschi, 1920g: 168.]
    • Santschi, 1911i: 287 (q.); Finzi, 1928c: 790 (m.).
    • Subspecies of pygmaea: Forel, 1890a: lxvii; Forel, 1889: 265; Emery, 1891b: 16; Dalla Torre, 1893: 173; Forel, 1902a: 155; Ruzsky, 1902d: 18; Ruzsky, 1903b: 308; Ruzsky, 1905b: 467; Forel, 1911d: 350; Forel, 1911h: 457; Santschi, 1911i: 287; Santschi, 1920g: 168; Ruzsky, 1923: 3.
    • Status as species: Emery, 1921d: 315; Emery, 1925b: 21; Karavaiev, 1926e: 188; Wheeler, W.M. 1927g: 114; Karavaiev, 1927a: 294; Finzi, 1928c: 790; Karavaiev, 1931a: 311; Menozzi, 1936d: 297; Finzi, 1936: 184; Arnol'di, 1948: 212 (in list); Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 168; Tarbinsky, 1976: 127 (redescription); Aktaç, 1977: 124; Dlussky, 1981a: 17; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 57; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 280 (in key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 162; Collingwood, 1993b: 195; Arakelian, 1994: 78; Bolton, 1995b: 335; Mei, 1995: 767; Radchenko, 1996a: 184; Schultz, R. et al. 2006: 205; Gratiashvili & Barjadze, 2008: 134; Csösz, et al. 2011: 58; Legakis, 2011: 25; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2012: 528; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2013: 364; Borowiec, L. 2014: 146 (see note in bibliography); Salata, Borowiec & Radchenko, 2018: 812 (redescription); Salata & Borowiec, 2018c: 48.
    • Senior synonym of ancyrensis: Salata, Borowiec & Radchenko, 2018: 812.
    • Senior synonym of satunini: Salata, Borowiec & Radchenko, 2018: 812 (by implication).
    • Senior synonym of taurica: Salata, Borowiec & Radchenko, 2018: 812.
    • Senior synonym of vindobonensis: Salata, Borowiec & Radchenko, 2018: 812.
    • Current subspecies: nominal plus atlantis, elguerrhae, isis, kabyla, polygyna, sordida.
  • ancyrensis. Plagiolepis maura var. ancyrensis Santschi, 1920g: 171, fig. 1 (w.q.) TURKEY.
    • [Misspelled as angyrensis by Santschi, 1921a: 114.]
    • Finzi, 1936: 184 (m.).
    • Subspecies of maura: Santschi, 1921a: 114; Emery, 1921b: 208.
    • Subspecies of pallescens: Emery, 1925b: 21; Menozzi, 1933b: 78; Finzi, 1936: 184.
    • Status as species: Tohmé, G. 1969: 10; Kugler, J. 1988: 258; Bolton, 1995b: 334; Legakis, 2011: 25; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2012: 528; Borowiec, L. 2014: 145; Pashaei Rad et al., 2018: 7.
    • Junior synonym of pallescens: Salata, Borowiec & Radchenko, 2018: 812.
  • satunini. Plagiolepis (Plagiolepis) satunini Karavaiev, 1931a: 314, fig. 4 (w.) ARMENIA.
    • Status as species: Arakelian, 1994: 80; Bolton, 1995b: 336.
    • Junior synonym of taurica: Radchenko, 1996a: 185; Radchenko, 2016: 343.
    • Junior synonym of pallescens: Salata, Borowiec & Radchenko, 2018: 812 (by implication).
  • taurica. Plagiolepis maura var. taurica Santschi, 1920g: 171 (w.) RUSSIA (Crimea), TURKMENISTAN.
    • Subspecies of pallescens: Emery, 1921d: 314; Santschi, 1922a: 67; Emery, 1925b: 21; Karavaiev, 1927a: 294.
    • Subspecies of pygmaea: Karavaiev, 1931a: 309.
    • Status as species: Radchenko, 1989b: 155; Bolton, 1995b: 336; Radchenko, 1996a: 185; Markó, Sipos, et al. 2006: 69; Schultz, R. et al. 2006: 205; Zryanin & Zryanina, 2007: 232; Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 485; Lapeva-Gjonova, et al. 2010: 34; Csösz, et al. 2011: 58; Legakis, 2011: 25; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2012: 529; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2013: 364; Borowiec, L. 2014: 147; Bračko, et al. 2014: 20; Casevitz-Weulersse, 2014: 28; Radchenko, 2016: 343; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2018: 7.
    • Junior synonym of pallescens: Salata, Borowiec & Radchenko, 2018: 812.
  • vindobonensis. Plagiolepis vindobonensis Lomnicki, 1925c: 77, figs. 1-4 (w.) AUSTRIA.
    • Santschi, 1926f: 293 (q.); Kratochvíl, in Kratochvíl, et al. 1944: 84 (m.).
    • Subspecies of pygmaea: Bernard, 1967: 275 (in key).
    • Status as species: Santschi, 1926f: 288; Stärcke, 1936: 278; Novák & Sadil, 1941: 99 (in key); Kratochvíl, in Kratochvíl, et al. 1944: 82; van Boven, 1946: 9; van Boven, 1947: 181 (in key); Kutter, 1968a: 60; Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 172; Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 5 (in key); van Boven, 1977: 129; Kutter, 1977c: 189; Collingwood, 1979: 110; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 57; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 280 (in key); Casevitz-Weulersse, 1990c: 427; Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 203; Collingwood, 1993b: 195; Seifert, 1994: 29; Bolton, 1995b: 336; Csösz, & Markó, 2005: 227; Bračko, 2006: 151; Bračko, 2007: 20; Seifert, 2007: 259; Werner & Wiezik, 2007: 142; Boer, 2010: 46; Legakis, 2011: 25.
    • Junior synonym of pygmaea: Bernard, 1967: 277 (in taxonomic synopsis and footnote).
    • Junior synonym of taurica: Radchenko, 1989b: 155; Radchenko, 1996a: 185; Markó, Sipos, et al. 2006: 69; Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowsky, 2009: 485; Lapeva-Gjonova et al. 2010: 34; Csösz, et al. 2011: 58; Borowiec, L. 2014: 147; Casevitz-Weulersse, 2014: 28; Radchenko, 2016: 343.
    • Junior synonym of pallescens: Salata, Borowiec & Radchenko, 2018: 812.

Taxonomic Notes

Pashaei Rad et al. (2018) treat the junior synonyms Plagiolepis ancyrensis and Plagiolepis taurica as a valid species although they provide no evidence to support their treatment of either name as representing distinct species. Note that Bolton (in his unpublished An online catalogue of the ants of the world, 15 Feb. 2020) does not recognise the species status proposed by Pashaei Rad et al. (2018), noting that "the entries in this publication are omitted from the catalogue as it contains numerous nomenclatural errors; it also ignores previous taxonomic decisions, and entirely fails to apply ICZN rules that govern the availability of names in the species-group." Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.

Description

Worker

Sharaf et al. (2011) - Syntype. TL 1.49, HL 0.45, HW 0.39, SL 0.39, EL 0.12, CI 87, SI 100, PRW 0.25, ML 0.46.

Yellowish brown, gaster yellowish paler than rest of body, legs and antennae yellow, propodeum dorsum characteristically reddish brown. Body smooth and shining. Head distinctly longer than broad with clearly convex sides. Eyes, in full-face view, fail to break head sides. Antennae with appressed pubescence. Second funicular segment as long as or little broader than long. Third funicular segment little longer than broad. Second and third funicular segments nearly subequal. Fourth funicular segment distinctly longer than broad, and little longer than broad. Scape surpassing posterior margin of head by 2-3 X its thickeness. Eyes large (EL 0.12), 0.3 x HW, with eleven ommatadia in the longest row. Anterior clypeal margin with several pairs of long hairs. Occiput nearly straight or feebly concave with strongly rounded posterior corners. Promesonotal suture indistinct. Metanotal groove feebly impressed. Erect hairs limited to anterior margin of clypeus and a small number on the gaster. Dorsum of head with abundant but widely spaced pubescence; other pubescence sparse.

Borowiec and Salata (2022) - HL: 0.427-0.575 (mean 0.473); HW: 0.369-0.542 (mean 0.430); SL: 0.382-0.508 (mean 0.442); ML: 0.47-0.63. Color. Whole body from bright yellow to brown, head and mesosoma usually sligtly paler than gaster. In dark specimens legs, scapus and up to four first segments of funiculus brighter, from orange to bright yellow. Head. Longer than wide, oval or trapezoidal, its sides always convex, occipital margin nearly straight or concave. Clypeus shiny, its posterior edge convex, setosity sparse and long, setae from adjacent to subdecumbent. Head smooth and shiny, bearing short, sparse and adjacent setae. Scape reaches beyond the occipital margin, widening upward from ¾ of its length, its surface shiny, with feeble, sparse microreticulation, dense, adjacent microsetae covers its whole surface. The second funicular segment square or slightly rectangular, the third segment elongate, equal or only slightly shorter than the fourth one, the rest of funicular segments clearly longer than broad. Eyes big, oval, 1.4 times as long as wide. Mesosoma. Elongate, 1.9 times as long as wide. In lateral view dorsal surface of promesonotum slightly convex, metanotal groove shallow, propodeum with convex dorsal and straight or slightly concave posterior sides. The whole mesosoma smooth and shiny, bearing sparse, short and adjacent micropilosity. Waist and gaster. Petiolar scale thin and short, its anterior and posterior sides slightly convex, apex concave, its surface smooth and shiny. Gaster longer than mesosoma, shiny, with sparsely microreticulate, bearing sparse, appressed hairs, the distance between hairs is equal to full or half of the length of setae, additionally thick, long hairs occur on posterior margins of all tergites. Legs. Short, surface with appressed pubescence.

Queen

Sharaf et al. (2011) - Syntype (gaster is broken) HL 0.63, HW 0.56, SL 0.53, EL 0.19, CI 89, SI 95, PRW 0.25, ML 0.92.

Body brown, legs and antennae yellowish brown. Eyes very large (EL 0.19) occupying about half head sides. Anterior clypeal margin with two pairs of long hairs. Palp formula 6,4. Second funicular segment about twice broader than long. Third funicular segment twice longer than broad, and twice longer than second. Fourth funicular segment clearly longer than broad and nearly as long as, or little shorter than, second and third segments combined. Occiput nearly straight or feebly concave with rounded posterior corners. Mesosoma robust, distinctly dorsoventrally compressed. Propodeal spiracle circular. Preonotal humeri with one pair of long hairs. Body with abundant appressed pubescence.

Male

Sharaf et al. (2011) - Syntype. TL 1.42-1.49, HL 0.38, HW 0.35-0.36, SL 0.34-0.38, EL 0.17, CI 92-95, SI 97-106, PRW 0.35-0.36, ML 0.61-0.63.

Body pale brown, legs yellow, all covered with relatively few sparse pubescence. Head distinctly broader than long. Occiput straight. Third funicular segment about twice longer than second segment. Fourth funicular segment as long as or little longer than second and third segments combined. Anterior clypeal margin with one pair of long hairs. Eyes prominent occupying more than half of head sides.

Type Material

Sharaf et al. (2011) - Syntype worker and two syntype males and one syntype queen, Morocco: Magador, iv.1905 (Vaucher) (Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel) [examined].

References

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

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