Leptothorax muscorum

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Leptothorax muscorum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Myrmicinae
Tribe: Crematogastrini
Genus: Leptothorax
Species: L. muscorum
Binomial name
Leptothorax muscorum
(Nylander, 1846)

MCZ-ENT 001 Leptothorax muscorum hal.jpg

MCZ-ENT 001 Leptothorax muscorum had.jpg

Specimen Label

Synonyms

This species shows a preference for drier and warmer habitats (it does not inhabit bogs). In the mountains, it lives in meadows. Nests are built under small stones, under bark, in rotten wood, sometimes in litter. (Radchenko 2004)

At a Glance • Polygynous  • Tandem running  • Diploid male  

Identification

Pale brown to brown with antennal clubs and head often slightly darker. Propodeal spines short but distinct. General appearance more slender than Leptothorax acervorum. Head striate, mesosoma rugose and gaster smooth. Appendage hairs few and adpressed. Clypeus in some Scandinavian series have a distinct median concavity as described for Leptothorax gredleri Mayr (Buschinger, 1966) but they are not otherwise different from the typical species. Length: 2.4-3.2 mm (Collingwood 1979).

Keys including this Species

Distribution

Appenines to Central Scandinavia and Pyrenees to Urals, not found in British Isles but common in continental Europe (Collingwood 1979).

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 64.0722° to 40.55°.

 
North
Temperate 		North
Subtropical 		Tropical South
Subtropical 		South
Temperate

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Palaearctic Region: Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland (type locality), France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye, Ukraine.

Distribution based on AntMaps

AntMapLegend.png

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.
pChart

Biology

In Scandinavia, this species is restricted to sheltered valleys in woodland areas where it nests in stony banks, tree stumps or under bark. Its habits are similar to those of L. acervorum with small colonies having one or occasionally two queens. Males and alate queens are found in July and August.

This species is a host for the slave-making species Harpagoxenus canadensis (Smith, 1939; Québec, Canada) and Harpagoxenus sublaevis (Lenoir et al., 2001; Bauer et al., 2009; Brandt et al., 2007; Fischer-Blass et al., 2006; Foitzik et al., 2003; de la Mora et al., 2021).

Flight Period

X X X X
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Source: antkeeping.info.

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Association with Other Organisms

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  • This species is a xenobiont for the ant Formica rufa (a xenobiont) in Sweden (Kanizsai et al., 2013; Wheeler, 1901).
  • This species is a xenobiont for the ant Myrmica rubra (a xenobiont) in Finland (Czechowski, 2004; Kanizsai et al., 2013) (Shore meadow. Under stone).

Hemiptera

  • This species is a mutualist for the aphid Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (a trophobiont) (Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019).

Gregarine

  • This species is a host for the gregarine Neogregarinorida, Ophryocystidae (species unspecified) (a parasite) in United States (Montana) (Buschinger et al., 1995) (reported as Leptothorax muscorum complex, includes European species).
  • This species is a host for the gregarine Mattesia geminata (a parasite) in United States (Montana), Germany, Canada (Alberta), Europe (Kleespies et al., 1997; Buschinger & Kleespies, 1999).

Life History Traits

  • Queen number: polygynous (Frumhoff & Ward, 1992)
  • Mean colony size: 300 (Buschinger, 1966; Moglich et al., 1974; Beckers et al., 1989)
  • Foraging behaviour: tandem recruitment (Buschinger, 1966; Moglich et al., 1974; Beckers et al., 1989)

Castes

Worker

Images from AntWeb

Leptothorax muscorum casent0104847 head 1.jpgLeptothorax muscorum casent0104847 profile 1.jpgLeptothorax muscorum casent0104847 dorsal 1.jpgLeptothorax muscorum casent0104847 label 1.jpg
Worker. Specimen code casent0104847. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by UCDC, Davis, CA, USA.
Leptothorax muscorum casent0173190 head 1.jpgLeptothorax muscorum casent0173190 profile 1.jpgLeptothorax muscorum casent0173190 dorsal 1.jpgLeptothorax muscorum casent0173190 label 1.jpg
Worker. Specimen code casent0173190. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Queen

Images from AntWeb

Leptothorax muscorum casent0173195 head 1.jpgLeptothorax muscorum casent0173195 profile 1.jpgLeptothorax muscorum casent0173195 dorsal 1.jpgLeptothorax muscorum casent0173195 label 1.jpg
Queen (alate/dealate). Specimen code casent0173195. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Male

Diploid males are known to occur in this species (found in 17.6% of 169 examined nests) (Loiselle et al., 1990; Cournault & Aron, 2009).

Images from AntWeb

Leptothorax muscorum casent0173191 head 1.jpgLeptothorax muscorum casent0173191 profile 1.jpgLeptothorax muscorum casent0173191 dorsal 1.jpgLeptothorax muscorum casent0173191 label 1.jpg
Male (alate). Specimen code casent0173191. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Radchenko, Dlussky, and Perfilieva 2018. Figure 9.
Radchenko, Dlussky, and Perfilieva 2018. Figure 11.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

  • muscorum. Myrmica muscorum Nylander, 1846b: 1054 (w.q.m.) FINLAND.
    • Combination in Leptothorax: Mayr, 1855: 439.
    • Combination in L. (Mychothorax): Ruzsky, 1904a: 288.
    • Subspecies of acervorum: Forel, 1874: 84 (in key); Emery & Forel, 1879: 458; Ruzsky, 1896: 72; Escherich, 1917: 328 (in key); Soudek, 1922: 50.
    • Status as species: Foerster, 1850a: 59; Mayr, 1855: 439 (redescription); Nylander, 1856b: 90; Smith, F. 1858b: 118; Mayr, 1861: 58 (in key); Roger, 1863b: 26; Mayr, 1863: 427; André, 1874: 189 (in key); André, 1883a: 294 (in key); Nasonov, 1889: 31; Dalla Torre, 1893: 125; Emery, 1895c: 318; Wheeler, W.M. 1901b: 519; Ruzsky, 1902d: 21; Ruzsky, 1903c: 207; Ruzsky, 1905b: 616; Wasmann, 1906: 119 (in key); Bondroit, 1910: 497; Karavaiev, 1912b: 582; Stitz, 1914: 62; Forel, 1915d: 26 (in key); Karavaiev, 1916: 503; Wheeler, W.M. 1917a: 511; Bondroit, 1918: 121; Bondroit, 1920a: 153; Müller, 1923b: 88 (in key); Emery, 1924d: 262; Menozzi, 1925d: 33; Lomnicki, 1928: 5; Karavaiev, 1931e: 212; Karavaiev, 1934: 145 (redescription); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 89 (in key); Novák, in Kratochvíl, Novák & Šnoflák, 1944: 112; Röszler, 1950: 225; Brown, 1955a: 47; Bernard, 1956a: 161; Buschinger, 1966b: 165; Francoeur & Béique, 1966: 142; Bernard, 1967: 200 (redescription); Pisarski, 1969a: 229; Pisarski, 1969b: 297; Dlussky & Pisarski, 1970: 86; Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 99; Pisarski, 1975: 23; Aktaç, 1977: 122; van Boven, 1977: 101; Kutter, 1977c: 130; Collingwood, 1978: 83 (in key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 543 (in key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1978: 391; Collingwood, 1979: 72; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1397; Pisarski & Krzysztofiak, 1981: 157; Espadaler & Collingwood, 1982: 41; Allred, 1982: 484; Kupyanskaya, 1986b: 96; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 53; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 273 (in key); Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 60; Loiselle, et al. 1990: 323; Kupyanskaya, 1990: 139; Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 132; Arakelian, 1994: 55; Radchenko, 1994b: 111 (in key); Radchenko, 1994d: 147 (in key); Douwes, 1995: 89; Bolton, 1995b: 241; Radchenko, 1995a: 25; Czechowski, et al. 2002: 42; Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 129; Radchenko, 2004: 130; Coovert, 2005: 79; Seifert, 2007: 225; Radchenko, 2007: 31; Zryanin & Zryanina, 2007: 231; Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 488; Lapeva-Gjonova, et al. 2010: 20; Boer, 2010: 50; Legakis, 2011: 16; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2012: 510; Czechowski, et al. 2012: 132; Borowiec, L. 2014: 99; Radchenko, 2016: 210; Schar et al., 2018: 6.
    • Senior synonym of betulae: Radchenko, 1995a: 25; Radchenko, 2016: 210.
    • Senior synonym of fagi: Radchenko, 1995a: 25; Radchenko, 2016: 210.
    • Senior synonym of flavescens: Radchenko, 1995a: 25; Radchenko, 2016: 210.
    • Material of the unavailable name “uvicensis” referred here.
  • flavescens. Leptothorax muscorum var. flavescens Ruzsky, 1896: 72 (w.) RUSSIA. [First available use of Leptothorax acervorum subsp. muscorum var. flavescens Ruzsky, 1895: 26; unavailable name.] Subspecies of muscorum: Ruzsky, 1905b: 621. Junior synonym of muscorum: Radchenko, 1995a: 25.
  • betulae. Leptothorax muscorum var. betulae Ruzsky, 1916: 6 (w.) RUSSIA. Subspecies of muscorum: Ruzsky, 1936: 94. Junior synonym of muscorum: Radchenko, 1995a: 25.
  • fagi. Leptothorax (Mychothorax) muscorum var. fagi Ruzsky, 1905b: 619, fig. 151 (w.) CAUCASUS. Junior synonym of muscorum: Radchenko, 1995a: 25.

Description

Karyotype

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  • n = 17, 2n = 34 (Canada; Germany; USA) (Buschinger et al., 1980; Fischer, 1987; Loiselle et al., 1990) (possible variation due B chromosomes).
  • n = 18, 2n = 36 (Canada; Germany; USA) (Fischer, 1987; Loiselle et al., 1990) (possible variation due B chromosomes).
  • n = 22, 2n = 44 (Canada; Germany; USA) (Fischer, 1987) (possible variation due B chromosomes).

References

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

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