Leptothorax acervorum

Leptothorax acervorum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Myrmicinae
Tribe:	Crematogastrini
Genus:	Leptothorax
Species:	L. acervorum
Binomial name
	Leptothorax acervorum; (Fabricius, 1793) Specimen Label
Synonyms
	Leptothorax acervorum kamtshaticus Ruzsky, 1920; Leptothorax acervorum nigrescens Ruzsky, 1905; Leptothorax acervorum superus Ruzsky, 1905; Mychothorax acervorum orientalis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1928; Mychothorax acervorum vandeli Bondroit, 1920; Myrmica lacteipennis Zetterstedt, 1838;

This species is most abundant in dry and lighted coniferous forests with scarce undergrowth, it reaches to the north the Forest-Tundra zone. It also can be found in open habitats, ranging from moist peat bogs to xerothermal grasslands. Nests are built (depending on habitat) in rotten logs or stumps, in fallen branches, under bark and, more rarely, under stones or in rock crevices, also under moss; in bogs they are found in peat. (Radchenko 2004) Colonies are known to switch from monogyny to polygyny as a result of seasonal fluctuations (Heinze, 1994).

At a Glance

• Facultatively polygynous • Tandem running • Diploid male

Common Name

Takane-muneboso-ari
Language:	Japanese

Photo Gallery

Leptothorax acervorum queen with numerous mites attached to her gaster. Photo by Michal Kukla.

Identification

Terayama and Onoyama (1999) - Total length of workers around 3-3.5 mm. Head and gaster black; mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole reddish brown, their dorsa blackish brown; legs brown. Antennae 11-segmented; scapes short, not reaching posterior margin of head in full-face view. Pro- and mesonotal dorsa depressed in profile. Propodeal dorsum weakly convex. Propodeal spines longer than wide in side view, with acute tips. Petiolar node high, triangular; anterior margin sloping steeply forwards in profile; peduncle obscure.

Collingwood (1979) - Reddish to brownish yellow with the head, antennal club and dorsal surface of gaster darker. Dorsa of petiole nodes and femora frequently infuscated. Antennae with eleven segments. Head longitudinally striate, alitrunk rugose and gaster smooth. Propodeal spines strong. Mesopropodeal suture distinct and depressed. Tibiae and scapes with numerous erect hairs. Length: 3.8-4.5 mm.

This is a comparatively large and robust species easily recognized by the abundant suberect appendage hairs in all castes. The species tends to darken in colour from south to north varying from bright yellowish brown to nearly black, the darker samples occurring chiefly in high mountain areas, peat bogs and in the arctic north but with no clear break in colour gradation to the dark form sometimes referred to as the variety nigrescens Ruzsky (1905).

Keys including this Species

Distribution

Northernmost Scandinavia to mountains of South Europe and from Spain to Japan (Collingwood 1979).

Terayama and Onoyama (1999) - In Japan this species is distributed in the lowlands of Hokkaido and mountainous areas of Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. In central Honshu L. acervorum is found at 1,350-2,590 m above sea level (Sonobe, 1979), at 1,900-1,980 m on Mt. Ishizuchi in Shikoku (Takechi, 1960a, 1960b; Sonobe, 1979), and at 1,740 m on Mt. Kujyu, Kyushu (Sonobe, 1979).

In Japan this species is distributed in the lowlands of Hokkaido and mountainous areas of Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu. In central Honshu L. acervorum is found at 1300-2600 m above sea level; at 1920 - 1980 m on Mt. Ishizuchi in Shikoku, and at 1740 m on Mt. Kujyu, Kyushu (Japanese Ant Image Database).

The Reinig Line faunal divide separates East Siberian, Inner Mongolian, Chinese and Tibetan species from those of Central Siberia, West Siberia and the Turanian region (DE LATTIN, 1967). In ants, the Reinig Line is crossed only by a cold resistant species including Camponotus herculeanus, Formica exsecta, Formica gagatoides, Formica lugubris, Formica manchu, Formica picea, Formica pisarskii, Formica uralensis, Lasius flavus, Leptothorax acervorum and Tetramorium sibiricum (DLUSSKY, 1967; FRANCOEUR, 1983; SEIFERT, 2000, 2021a, 2021b).

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 70.377854° to 33.367°.


North Temperate	North Subtropical	Tropical	South Subtropical	South Temperate

Source: AntMaps

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Nearctic Region: United States.
Oriental Region: India, Pakistan.
Palaearctic Region: Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czechia, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Denmark (type locality), Estonia, Finland, France (type locality), Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, Iran, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Abundance

Patchily distributed within and between the various habitats it inhabits.

Biology

Collingwood (1979) -This species nests in small isolated colonies of 25 to 60 individuals with one or several queens; worker-queen intercastes are frequent. It is found nesting in open moorland in peat, rock crevices and under stones and in woodland areas on fallen tree trunks, rotten branches, stumps or under bark. The workers forage singly, predating small insects or scavenging insect corpses. It has not been observed to tend aphids, is non-aggressive and avoids combat with other ants. Alatae occur in the nests in June and July and have been observed flying and mating on high ground in July.

Terayama and Onoyama (1999) - Monogynous and polygynous colonies are present in Japan, but even in polygynous colonies only one of the queens has functional ovaries and lays eggs (Ito, 1991), which is (“functional monogyny”). Three socially parasitic ant species are known to associate with L. acervorum in Europe, but none are yet known to occur in Japan.

Flight Period

					X	X	X	X
Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec

Source: antkeeping.info.

Check details at Worldwide Ant Nuptial Flights Data, AntNupTracker and AntKeeping.

Explore: Show all Flight Month data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.

Association with Other Organisms

Explore: Show all Associate data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.

This species is a host for the ant Harpagoxenus sublaevis (a slave maker) (Beibl et al., 2005; de la Mora et al., 2021 (and included references)).
This species is a host for the ant Leptothorax goesswaldi (a workerless inquiline).
This species is a host for the ant Leptothorax kutteri (a workerless inquiline).
This species is a host for the ant Leptothorax pacis (a workerless inquiline).
This species is a xenobiont for the ant Formica fusca (a xenobiont) in Finland (Czechowski, 2004; Kanizsai et al., 2013) (In different successional series of rocky habitats, in mound of Formica lugubris).

Nematode

This species is a host for the nematode Mermithidae (unspecified "Mermix") (a parasite) in Germany (Gosswald, 1930; Laciny, 2021).

Cestoda

This species is a host for the cestode Choanotaenia unicoronata (a parasite) in South Tyrol, Italy; Bavaria, Germany (Buschinger, 1973; Peru et al., 1990; Laciny, 2021).

Gregarine

This species is a host for the gregarine Mattesia geminata (a parasite) in United States (Montana), Germany, Italy (Kleespies et al., 1997; Buschinger & Kleespies, 1999).

Life History Traits

Queen number: facultatively polygynous (see introduction in Herbers and Grieco, 1994)
Colony type: polydomous (studies by Herbers, her co-authors, and others) (colonies expand across numerous nest sites during the summer months and coalesce to overwinter)
Mean colony size: 250 (Dobrzanski, 1966; Buschinger, 1971; Moglich et al., 1974; Moglich, 1979; Beckers et al., 1989)
Foraging behaviour: tandem recruitment (Dobrzanski, 1966; Buschinger, 1971; Moglich et al., 1974; Moglich, 1979; Beckers et al., 1989)

Castes

Worker

Images from AntWeb


Queen (alate/dealate). Specimen code casent0104846. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by UCDC, Davis, CA, USA.


Worker. Specimen code casent0173138. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Queen

Images from AntWeb


Queen (alate/dealate). Specimen code casent0173140. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Male

Images from AntWeb


Male (alate). Specimen code casent0173139. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Diploid males are known to occur in this species (found in 1.3% of 239 examined nests) (Hammond et al., 2001; Cournault & Aron, 2009).

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

acervorum. Formica acervorum Fabricius, 1793: 358 (w.) DENMARK. Latreille, 1798: 49 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1955b: 21 (l.). Combination in Leptothorax: Mayr, 1855: 436; in L. (Mychothorax): Ruzsky, 1904a: 288. Senior synonym of lacteipennis: Nylander, 1846a: 936; of kamtshaticus: Kupyanskaya, 1986b: 96; of orientalis: Kupyanskaya, 1990: 137; of nigrescens, superus: Radchenko, 1995a: 23. Material of the nomen nudum melanocephala referred here by Mayr, 1855: 411. Current subspecies: nominal plus vandeli. See also: Donisthorpe, 1915d: 147; Stitz, 1939: 158; Tarbinsky, 1976: 86; Kutter, 1977c: 128; Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 130; Terayama & Onoyama, 1999: 75.
lacteipennis. Myrmica lacteipennis Zetterstedt, 1838: 452 (m.) SWEDEN. Junior synonym of acervorum: Nylander, 1846a: 936.
nigrescens. Leptothorax acervorum var. nigrescens Ruzsky, 1905b: 614 (w.) RUSSIA. Subspecies of acervorum: Ruzsky, 1936: 94; Pisarski, 1969b: 297. Junior synonym of acervorum: Radchenko, 1995a: 23.
superus. Leptothorax (Mychothorax) acervorum var. superus Ruzsky, 1905b: 614 (w.m.) RUSSIA. [Later misspelled as superbus by Ruzsky, 1936: 94.] Junior synonym of acervorum: Radchenko, 1995a: 23.
kamtshaticus. Leptothorax (Mychothorax) acervorum subsp. kamtshaticus Ruzsky, 1920: 77 (w.) RUSSIA. Junior synonym of acervorum: Kupyanskaya, 1986b: 96.
orientalis. Mychothorax acervorum subsp. orientalis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1928b: 31 (w.) RUSSIA. Junior synonym of acervorum: Kupyanskaya, 1990: 137.
vandeli. Mychothorax acervorum var. vandeli Bondroit, 1920a: 153 (w.q.) FRANCE.
- [Also described as new by Bondroit, 1920b: 303.]
- Combination in Temnothorax: Borowiec, L. 2014: 193 (error).
- Subspecies of acervorum: Bolton, 1995b: 246.
- Junior synonym of acervorum: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 488.
- Status as species: Borowiec, L. 2014: 193 (error).

Description

Karyotype

See additional details at the Ant Chromosome Database.

Explore: Show all Karyotype data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.

n = 13, 2n = 26 (Canada; France; Germany; Sweden; Switzerland) (Fischer, 1987; Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1983; Loiselle et al., 1990).

Worker Morphology

Explore: Show all Worker Morphology data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.

References

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