Agroecomyrmecinae

AntWiki: The Ants --- Online
Agroecomyrmecinae
Temporal range: 42–0 Ma Bartonian, Middle Eocene – Recent
Tatuidris tatusia
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Agroecomyrmecinae
Carpenter, 1930
Diversity
2 genera
2 species
2 fossil genera
3 fossil species

Both genera in this subfamily are monotypic, rarely collected and poorly known (Tatuidris; Tatuidris tatusia and Ankylomyrma; Ankylomyrma coronacantha). The former is found in the Neotropics: northern Mexico to central Brazil, French Guiana and Amazonian Peru. Most specimens and collections are currently known to occur in localities west of the Andes, with more collections tending to occur towards Central America and Mexico (Donoso 2012). The latter is known from the single type specimen, a canopy fogging sample from Ghana, and a subsequent handful of vegetation beating and litter samples from a number of surrounding countries.


Photo Gallery

Identification

Bolton (2003) provided the following diagnosis for the subfamily. At the time, the best evidence suggested this was a myrmicomorph subfamily but subsequent molecular analysis showed it to be a member of the poneriods. Additional morphological analysis of the ponderiods (Keller 2011) has in turn caste this in doubt. What is clear is this is an enigmatic taxon.

Mandibles large, masticatory margins oppose at full closure but do not overlap (note 1). Eye at extreme posterior apex of deep antennal scrobe (note 2). Clypeus very broadly triangular, broadly inserted between frontal lobes. Antennal sockets (and frontal lobes) strongly migrated laterally, far apart and close to lateral margins of head (note 3). Mesotibia and metatibia each with a pectinate spur. Alitrunk very short and compact. Petiole sessile; in posterior view the tergite and sternite not forming a circle. Abdominal segment III (postpetiole) without tergosternal fusion; segment large and very broadly articulated to segment IV. Helcium in frontal view with sternite bulging ventrally and overlapped by the tergite, sternite attached to tergite some distance up the inner tergal surface (note 4). Abdominal segment IV with complete tergosternal fusion (note 5), with stridulitrum on pretergite. Sternite of abdominal segment IV reduced, tergite much larger than sternite and strongly vaulted (note 6).

Notes (1) Mandibles that do not overlap at full closure are also characteristic of the dacetine tribe group and the isolated genus Lenomyrmex. These are certainly convergences as Tatuidris is otherwise very different morphologically and lacks Myrmicinae and dacetine tribe group apomorphies.

(2) Among the Myrmicinae eyes also occur at the apex of the scrobe only in some species of Cephalotes.

(3) Antennal sockets that are close to the lateral margins of the head also occur in the dacetine tribe group and in Cataulacini. In the former this is the result of narrowing of the anterior portion of the head, not of outward migration of the sockets which remain relatively close together. In Cataulacus the position of the sockets has been acquired by a parallel evolutionary process from a very different basic cephalic morphology.

(4) In other words the helcium here resembles that of the poneromorphs, which is also the generalised state prevalent throughout the Formicidae; see notes under dorylomorph subfamilies.

(5) With the exception of the strange amblyoponine genus Adetomyrma, tergosternal fusion of abdominal segment IV is otherwise universal only in the poneromorphs. Fusion of this segment in agroecomyrmecines is regarded, perhaps incorrectly, as independently evolved here (its presence is of course speculative in the fossil genera). Its only other occurrence is in the myrmicine Ankylomyrma (Ankylomyrmini), where the condition is certainly uniquely derived.

(6) For other reductions of abdominal sternite IV see notes under formicomorph subfamilies.

Males Boudinot (2015) - Uniquely identified globally by petiolation of abdominal segment III (post petiole) and supraaxial helcium. Furthermore, the petiolar comformation seems to be globally unique, with the posterior petiolar foramen raised completely dorsad the anterior foramen. Identification may be confirmed with the following combination of characters: mandibles reduced, edentate; antennal toruli situated distant from anterior clypeal margin; antenna 12-merous; meso- and metatibia with one ventroapical spur each; forewing with five closed cells; jugal lobe absent; petiolar tergum and sternum distinct; abdominal segment IV pre- and postsclerites separated by cinctus; abdominal tergum IV vaulted; abdominal tergum VIII not spiniform; abdominal sternum IX apex rounded.

AntWeb icon 02.png See images of genera within this subfamily

Keys including this Subfamily

Distribution

Distribution and Species Richness based on AntMaps

Statistics

Extant Taxa

Tribes Valid Genera % World Genera Invalid Genera Valid Species/Subsp. % World Species Invalid Species/Subsp.
2 2 0.4% 1 2 0.01% 1

Fossil Taxa

Fossil Genera % World Fossil Genera Valid Fossil Species/Subsp. % World Fossil Species/Subsp.
2 1.1% 3 0.33%

Fossils known from: Baltic amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Priabonian, Late Eocene), Bitterfeld amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Priabonian, Late Eocene), Florissant, Colorado, United States (Late Eocene).

List of Tribes and Genera

Tribes

Extant Genera

Fossil Genera

Notes

Two extant genera are known in the Agroecomyrmecinae, the Neotropical Tatuidris and Afrotropical Ankylomyrma (Ward et al. 2015). The male of Ankylomyrma is unknown and will be a notable discovery.

Brown and Kempf (1967) - Like Myrmica and allies among the lower Myrmicinae, the Agroecomyrmecini have pectinate spurs on the last two pairs of tibiae, but they are more primitive than Myrmica in the structure of the petiole, postpetiole and gaster. These characters recall the ectatommine genera Gnamptogenys and Proceratium, and the sculpture of Agroecomyrmex and Eulithomyrmex also matches that of various Gnamptogenys species-groups. The genus Tatuidris is more specialized in its almost complete loss of sculpture, as it is also in other obvious ways. Tatuidris affords one case in a small but growing list of insect taxa found alive only after their other representatives had already been described as fossils. The Agroecomyrmecini are evidently a very old group, probably widespread during the early Tertiary in both hemispheres.

Biology

Flight Period

Explore-icon.png Explore: Show all Flight Month data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
Click here to show/hide Flight Month data.

Flight Months for Genera within this Subfamily:

Taxon Month
Agroecomyrmex
Ankylomyrma
†Agroecomyrmex
†Eulithomyrmex
†Lithomyrmex
Eulithomyrmex
Tatuidris

Morphology

Worker

Very similar to the female, apparently differing only in the smaller size.

Queen

Head subquadrate; mandibles small; clypeus large; antennal scrobes present; antennae short, 12-segmented, with a two-jointed club; epinotum not armed; petiole and postpetiole short and compressed, the forewing with two cubital cells; head, thorax, and pedicel, coarsely sculptured.

Male

Antennae 13-segmented; scape short, but a little longer than the second segment; sculpturing weaker than that of the female; forewing with two cubital cells.

Karyotype Data

Explore-icon.png Explore: Show all Karyotype data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
Click here to show/hide karyotype count data.

Known Haploid Counts: No results.

Haploid Count Details: No results.

Known Diploid Counts: No results.

Diploid Count Details: No results.

Phylogeny

Formicoidea
Camelomecia clade
(unplaced to family)

Camelomecia

Camelosphecia

Formicidae              
Stem Formicidae

Unplaced to subfamily (Baikuris, Cretomyrma, Dlusskyidris)

Clade Sphecomyrmines

Haidomyrmecinae

Sphecomyrminae

Zigrasimeciinae

Clade Antennoclypeata

Brownimeciinae

Crown Formicidae              

Leptanillinae

Martialinae

Amblyoponinae - see relationships

Apomyrminae

Proceratiinae

Ponerinae - see relationships

Agroecomyrmecinae

Paraponerinae

Dorylinae - see relationships

Aneuretinae

Dolichoderinae - see relationships

Myrmeciinae - see relationships

Pseudomyrmecinae - see relationships

Formicinae - see relationships

Ectatomminae - see relationships

Myrmicinae - see relationships

See Phylogeny of Formicidae for details.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

  • AGROECOMYRMECINAE [subfamily of Formicidae]
  • Agroecomyrmicini Carpenter, 1930: 34. Type-genus: †Agroecomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1910a: 265.

Taxonomic History

  • Agroecomyrmecini as tribe of Myrmicinae: Carpenter, 1930: 34 [Agroecomyrmicini].
  • Agroecomyrmecini as myrmicomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Bolton, 2003: 51, 181 [Agroecomyrmecinae]; Ward, 2007a: 555 [Agroecomyrmecinae].
  • Agroecomyrmecini as poneroid subfamily of Formicidae: Brady, et al. 2006: 18173 [Agroecomyrmecinae]; Moreau, et al. 2006: 102 [Agroecomyrmecinae]; Ward, 2007a: 555 [Agroecomyrmecinae].
  • Tribes of Agroecomyrmecinae: Agroecomyrmecini, Ankylomyrmini.
  • Agroecomyrmecinae references: Brown & Kempf, 1968: 184 (diagnosis, revision of tribe); Bolton, 1994: 105 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 2003: 51, 181 (diagnosis, synopsis); Brady, et al. 2006: 18173 (phylogeny); Moreau, et al. 2006: 102 (phylogeny); Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 75 (classification); Ward, 2007a: 555 (classification); Keller, 2011: 1 (morphology, phylogeny); Ward, et al. 2015: 65 (reclassification); Boudinot, 2015: 46 (diagnosis); Fisher & Bolton, 2016: 38 (diagnosis).

Taxonomic Notes

The subfamily was described by Carpenter (1930) as a new tribe to place the newly described fossil species Eulithomyrmex rugosus into a higher order clade.

References

Retrieved from "https://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Agroecomyrmecinae&oldid=700529"