Camponotus vagus
Camponotus vagus | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Hymenoptera |
Family: | Formicidae |
Subfamily: | Formicinae |
Tribe: | Camponotini |
Genus: | Camponotus |
Species: | C. vagus |
Binomial name | |
Camponotus vagus (Scopoli, 1763) | |
Subspecies | |
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Synonyms | |
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This species is a common European species which can be found from southern Finland and Sweden to the north-western parts of North Africa, and from the Atlantic through the northern Mediterranean, Asia Minor, Caucasus, and northern Kazakhstan to the Altai Mountains (Czechowski et al. 2002). It inhabits mostly warm forests as well as dry pine forests, preferring open places and clearings. Nests are built mostly in dead trees and wood stumps. (Marko et al., 2009; Zryanin & Zryanina, 2007) It is a common species in the Greek mainland, and in islands it is known only from Aegean and Ionian Islands. Camponotus vagus was observed in urban areas and in a fir forest. In coastal areas, workers were collected while penetrating trunks of eucalyptus trees, in a single locality in mountains specimens were observed on trunks of fir (Borowiec & Salata, 2021).
Photo Gallery
Identification
Collingwood (1979) - In this group of species the anterior border of the clypeus is entire, straight or feebly convex and does not extend beyond the mandibular insertions. The alitrunk in the worker caste is high and steep sided; in profile the dorsum is convex without a break, the dorsal face of the propodeum abruptly curving into the long almost vertical basal face. From above the pronotum is much wider than the rest of the alitrunk which narrows to half its width posteriorly. Mandibles are large: with five strong teeth which are often blunted and worn in the larger workers. The male has the mandibles slender with an apical tooth only.
Uniformly black with profuse body hairs. The sculpture is finely transverse and closely punctured, obscured by long thick pubescence. Length: 6-12 mm.
Keys including this Species
- Key to Camponotus of Israel
- Key to Camponotus of Turkey
- Key to Camponotus species of the subgenus Camponotus of Greece
Distribution
A South European species abundant in the Mediterranean area, but recorded from Portugal to South Russia and the mountains of North Africa to Poland (Collingwood 1979).
Latitudinal Distribution Pattern
Latitudinal Range: 65.256706° to 14.480317°.
North Temperate |
North Subtropical |
Tropical | South Subtropical |
South Temperate |
- Source: AntMaps
Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Palaearctic Region: Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Austria (type locality), Balearic Islands, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czechia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, North Macedonia, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Türkiye, Ukraine.
Distribution based on AntMaps
Distribution based on AntWeb specimens
Check data from AntWeb
Countries Occupied
Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species. |
Habitat
Borowiec and Salata (2022) - Ubiquitous, found from woodlands to open habitats. Noted from all types of forests and olive plantations usually in sunny places. Often recorded from beaches and xerothermic meadows or stream valleys with plane trees. Foraging workers regularly observed on dirt roads, mountain pastures with limestone rocks, shrubs around the ancient buildings and old monasteries. Occasionally observed in gardens and parks in tourist resorts. It avoids high, cool mountains, most of the sites come from lowlands or warm mountain locations up to 1000 m, the highest location was from an altitude of 1370 m.
Biology
C. vagus nests in dry rotten wood among roots under stones in dry sun exposed banks. It is an active aggressive species biting freely on disturbance. As with other species of this group it is both carnivorous and aphidicolous. According to Pisarski (1961) alatae have been recorded in July in Poland where it occurs very locally in the Centre and South.
They are a host for the phorid fly Microselia southwoodi in southern France.
Borowiec and Salata (2022) - Ubiquitous, foraging workers regularly observed on dirt roads, in mountain pastures with limestone rocks, and on shrubs around ancient buildings and old monasteries. Occasionally observed in gardens and parks in tourist resorts. Nests in dead wood.
Flight Period
X | X | X | |||||||||
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Source: antkeeping.info.
- Check details at Worldwide Ant Nuptial Flights Data, AntNupTracker and AntKeeping.
- Explore: Show all Flight Month data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
Association with Other Organisms
- Explore: Show all Associate data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
- This species is a xenobiont for the ant Formica fusca (a xenobiont) in Hungary (Kanizsai et al., 2013) (Pine and poplar forest patches. In/under wood).
- This species is a host for the braconid wasp Elasmosoma berolinense (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
- This species is a host for the phorid fly Microselia southwoodi (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
- This species is a host for the virus Chronic bee paralysis virus (a parasite) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission within nest).
Castes
Worker
Images from AntWeb
Worker. Specimen code casent0103335. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. | Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA. |
Worker. Specimen code casent0173860. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. | Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA. |
Worker. Specimen code casent0103337. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. | Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA. |
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- vagus. Formica vaga Scopoli, 1763: 312 (w.) SLOVENIA.
- Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
- Type-locality: Slovenia (“Carniola”): (no further data) (J.A. Scopoli).
- Type-depository: unknown.
- [Note: Horn & Kahle, 1936: 252, say something about a shipwreck concerning Scopoli’s collection, and then “destroyed by fire”.]
- [Misspelled as vagans by Emery, 1891b: 20.]
- Latreille, 1802c: 96 (w.q.m.). Hauschteck, 1961: 221 (k.).
- Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 1;
- combination in C. (Camponotus): Forel, 1914a: 266.
- Subspecies of herculeanus: Emery, 1896d: 372 (in list); Emery, 1908a: 185; Bondroit, 1910: 488; Krausse, 1912b: 166; Stitz, 1914: 95; Escherich, 1917: 330 (in key); Karavaiev, 1926e: 192; Karavaiev, 1927a: 295; Teranishi, 1940: 72; Azuma, 1951: 88.
- Status as species: Gmelin, 1790: 2804; Christ, 1791: 512; Olivier, 1792: 492; Emery, 1891b: 20; Forel, 1892i: 306; Dalla Torre, 1893: 255; Ruzsky, 1896: 68; Ruzsky, 1902d: 5; Forel, 1904b: 380; Ruzsky, 1905b: 241; Forel, 1907e: 15; Forel, 1914a: 266; Forel, 1915d: 68 (in key); Emery, 1916b: 225; Menozzi, 1918: 87; Bondroit, 1918: 71; Nadig, 1918: 340; Emery, 1920b: 255; Menozzi, 1921: 32; Kulmatycki, 1922: 85; Soudek, 1922: 94; Müller, 1923a: 73; Müller, 1923b: 158; Finzi, 1923: 4; Finzi, 1924a: 14; Emery, 1925b: 74; Schkaff, 1925: 275; Santschi, 1926f: 288; Karavaiev, 1927c: 275 (in key); Donisthorpe, 1927a: 8; Lomnicki, 1928: 10; Santschi, 1929e: 158; Finzi, 1930d: 317; Santschi, 1931a: 11; Santschi, 1932c: 71; Santschi, 1932g: 4; Arnol'di, 1933b: 602 (in key); Grandi, 1935: 103; Zimmermann, 1935: 57; Karavaiev, 1936: 182 (redescription); Stitz, 1939: 246; Novák & Sadil, 1941: 110 (in key); Röszler, 1950: 210; Donisthorpe, 1950e: 1066; Yasumatsu & Brown, 1951: 31; Consani & Zangheri, 1952: 43; Ceballos, 1956: 315; Pisarski, 1961a: 161; Baroni Urbani, 1964c: 162; Cagniant, 1964: 90; Arnol’di, 1967: 1827; Bernard, 1967: 341 (redescription); Cagniant, 1968a: 146; Kutter, 1968a: 60; Collingwood & Yarrow, 1969: 81; Cagniant, 1970c: 37; Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 179; Collingwood, 1971: 164; Pisarski, 1975: 30; Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 551; Collingwood, 1978: 90 (in key); Collingwood, 1979: 90; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 59; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 283 (in key); Le Moli & Rosi, 1991: 34; Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 214; Bolton, 1995b: 128; Douwes, 1995: 92; Poldi, et al. 1995: 7; Cagniant, 1996b: 92; Radchenko, 1996b: 1202 (in key); Espadaler, 1997b: 27; Radchenko, 1997a: 558; Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 24 (in key); Gallé, et al. 1998: 216; Czechowski, et al. 2002: 97; Karaman, M.G. & Karaman, 2003: 48; Csösz, & Markó, 2005: 228; Karaman, G.S. & Karaman, 2005: 59; Bračko, 2006: 146; Cagniant, 2006a: 194; Markó, Sipos, et al. 2006: 67; Bračko, 2007: 19; Seifert, 2007: 264; Werner & Wiezik, 2007: 143; Zryanin & Zryanina, 2007: 233; Gratiashvili & Barjadze, 2008: 131; Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowsky, 2009: 480; Lapeva-Gjonova, et al. 2010: 46; Boer, 2010: 19; Csösz, et al. 2011: 58; Karaman, M.G. 2011b: 74; Legakis, 2011: 33; Ran & Zhou, 2011: 70; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2012: 483; Czechowski, et al. 2012: 245; Guénard & Dunn, 2012: 30; Kiran & Karaman, 2012: 8; Karaman, C. & Aktaç, 2013: 51 (in key); Borowiec, L. 2014: 45 (see note in bibliography); Bračko, et al. 2014: 18; Lebas, et al. 2016: 130; Radchenko, 2016: 331; Steiner, et al. 2017: 7; Salata & Borowiec, 2018c: 43; Seifert, 2018: 259; Werner, et al. 2018: 6; Arcos, Chavez, et al. 2022: 10; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2022: 63.
- Senior synonym of fuscoptera: Forel, 1892i: 306; Emery, 1896d: 372 (in list); Forel, 1915d: 68 (in key); Emery, 1925b: 74; Karavaiev, 1936: 183; Kutter, 1977c: 205; Bolton, 1995b: 128; Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowsky, 2009: 480; Radchenko, 2016: 331.
- Senior synonym of kodorica: Radchenko, 1997a: 558; Radchenko, 2016: 331.
- Synonym of pubescens Fabricius: Olivier, 1792: 492; Latreille, 1802c: 96; Fabricius, 1804: 399; Stephens, 1829: 356; Nylander, 1846a: 899; Mayr, 1855: 310; Smith, F. 1858b: 11; Roger, 1863b: 1; André, 1874: 201 (in list); Forel, 1874: 96 (in list) ; Forel, 1879a: 56.
- [Note: all the authors above give pubescens as senior synonym, but vagus has priority.]
- Senior synonym of pubescens: Emery, 1891b: 20; Forel, 1892i: 306; Dalla Torre, 1893: 255; Emery, 1896d: 372 (in list); Ruzsky, 1905b: 241; Forel, 1907e: 15; Bondroit, 1910: 488; Forel, 1915d: 68 (in key); Emery, 1916b: 225; Soudek, 1922: 94; Emery, 1925b: 74; Lomnicki, 1928: 10; Karavaiev, 1936: 183; Pisarski, 1961a: 161; Bernard, 1967: 341; Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 179; Pisarski, 1975: 30; Bolton, 1995b: 128; Radchenko, 1997a: 558; Gallé, et al. 1998: 216; Czechowski, et al. 2002: 97; Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowsky, 2009: 480; Csösz, et al. 2011: 58; Czechowski, et al. 2012: 245; Radchenko, 2016: 331.
- Distribution: Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France (+ Corsica), Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy (+ Sardinia, Sicily), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (+ Balearics), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Turkey.
- [Note: distribution based on Borowiec, L. 2014: 45.]
- Current subspecies: nominal plus ifranensis.
- fuscoptera. Formica fuscoptera Geoffroy, in Fourcroy, 1785: 452 (q.) FRANCE.
- Type-material: holotype (?) queen.
- [Note: no indication of number of specimens is given.]
- Type-locality: France: vic. Paris (no collector’s name).
- Type-depository: unknown.
- [Note: according to Horn & Kahle, 1935: 88, Geoffroy material is in MNHN and “Mus. Autun”.]
- Status as species: Olivier, 1792: 491.
- Junior synonym of pubescens: Latreille, 1802c: 96; Stephens, 1829: 356; Nylander, 1846a: 899; Mayr, 1855: 310; Smith, F. 1858b: 11; Roger, 1863b: 1; André, 1874: 201 (in list); Forel, 1874: 96 (in list); Emery & Forel, 1879: 447; Forel, 1879a: 56.
- Junior synonym of vagus: Forel, 1892i: 306; Emery, 1896d: 372 (in list); Forel, 1915d: 68 (in key); Emery, 1925b: 74; Karavaiev, 1936: 183; Kutter, 1977c: 205; Bolton, 1995b: 101; Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowsky, 2009: 480; Radchenko, 2016: 331.
- kodorica. Camponotus vagus var. kodorica Forel, 1913a: 145 (w.) GEORGIA.
- Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
- Type-locality: Georgia (“S of W Caucasus”): upper Kodor river valley, 1400 m. (C. Keller).
- Type-depository: MHNG.
- Subspecies of vagus: Emery, 1925b: 74; Bolton, 1995b: 107.
- Junior synonym of vagus: Radchenko, 1997a: 558; Radchenko, 2016: 331.
- pubescens. Formica pubescens Fabricius, 1775: 392 (w.) HUNGARY.
- Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
- [Note: Zimsen, 1964: 424, cites 2w syntypes ZMUK.]
- Type-locality: Hungary: (“Habitat in Hungaria. Mus. Tottianum.”) (no further data).
- Type-depository: ZMUK.
- Latreille, 1802c: 97 (q.m.); Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 211 (q.m.); Schenck, 1852: (q.m.).
- Combination in Camponotus: Mayr, 1861: 36 (in key).
- Subspecies of herculeanus: Forel, 1879a: 59.
- Status as species: Fabricius, 1782: 489; Fabricius, 1787: 308; Gmelin, 1790: 2798; Christ, 1791: 511; Fabricius, 1793: 352; Latreille, 1798: 34; Latreille, 1802c: 96; Walckenaer, 1802: 159; Fabricius, 1804: 399; Jurine, 1807: 272; Latreille, 1809: 126; Latreille, 1817d: 97; Lamarck, 1817: 95; Stephens, 1829: 356; Losana, 1834: 312; Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 211 (redescription); Brullé, 1840: 84; Nylander, 1846a: 899; Lucas, H. 1849: 302; Schenck, 1852: 124; Mayr, 1855: 310 (redescription); Nylander, 1856b: 56; Gredler, 1858: 3; Smith, F. 1858b: 11; Motschoulsky, 1860b: 500; Mayr, 1861: 36 (in key); Mayr, 1863: 400; Roger, 1863b: 1; Emery, 1869b: 2; Dours, 1873: 164; Forel, 1874: 40 (in key); André, 1874: 176 (in key); Emery, 1878b: 44; Emery & Forel, 1879: 447; André, 1882a: 142 (in key); Costa, 1883: 60; Forel, 1886e: clxvii; Cresson, 1887: 255; Nasonov, 1889: 12; Ruzsky, 1895: 8.
- Synonym of vagus: Olivier, 1792: 492; Latreille, 1802c: 96; Fabricius, 1804: 399; Stephens, 1829: 356; Nylander, 1846a: 899; Mayr, 1855: 310; Smith, F. 1858b: 11; Roger, 1863b: 1; André, 1874: 201 (in list); Forel, 1874: 96 (in list); Forel, 1879a: 56.
- [Note: these authors give pubescens as senior synonym, but vagus has priority.]
- Junior synonym of vagus: Emery, 1891b: 20; Forel, 1892i: 306; Dalla Torre, 1893: 255; Emery, 1896d: 372 (in list); Ruzsky, 1905b: 241; Forel, 1907e: 15; Bondroit, 1910: 488; Forel, 1915d: 68 (in key); Emery, 1916b: 225; Soudek, 1922: 94; Emery, 1925b: 74; Lomnicki, 1928: 10; Karavaiev, 1936: 183; Pisarski, 1961a: 161; Bernard, 1967: 341; Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 179; Pisarski, 1975: 30; Kutter, 1977c: 205; Bolton, 1995b: 118; Radchenko, 1997a: 558; Gallé, et al. 1998: 216; Czechowski, et al. 2002: 97; Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowsky, 2009: 480; Csösz, et al. 2011: 58; Czechowski, et al. 2012: 245; Radchenko, 2016: 331.
Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.
Description
Worker
Borowiec and Salata (2022) - Large to very large, polymorphic; minor workers HL: 1.634-1.950 (mean 1.806); HW: 1.290-1.660 (mean 1.450); SL: 1.792-2.080 (mean 1.936); EL: 0.381-0.441 (mean 0.408); ML: 2.43-2.80; MW: 1.10-1.32. Color. Whole body black, only mandibles sometimes partly reddish brown to brown, occasionally also clypeus anterior part of gena reddish brown to brown, antennae from dark brown to completely black, coxa black, rest of legs from dark brown to black. Head. 1.2-1.3 times longer than wide, sides in front of eyes straight, softly converging anterad, behind eyes regularly rounded, posterior margin also rounded. Clypeus pentagonal, transverse, its anterior margin convex with slightly crenulate anterior margin, on sides clypeal margin deeply emarginate and forms with gena angulation protruding anterad, sides of clypeus strongly convergent posterad, slightly concave, posterior margin straight but in the middle emarginate by frontal triangle, whole surface distinctly microreticulated, surface from slightly shiny to slightly dull, covered with sparse and short, hardly visible appressed hairs, anterior margin in the middle with 6 very long setae, on sides with few short additional setae, central plate with pair of long setae anterolaterally and a pair of long setae close to frontal triangle. Head distinctly microreticulate, appears indistinctly dull, the sculpture in posterior 1/3 length of head tends to form transverse striation, covered with sparse and short appressed pubescence, appears partly unhaired, frons along sides with a row of long erected setae, vertex with two very long and occipital corners with 1-2 short erected setae, gena and sides of head and central part of occipital part of headlacking erected setae, gular area with 4-8 short to moderately long erected setae. Scape elongate, thin, 1.3-1.4 times as long as width of head, slightly, regularly widened from base to apex, its surface microreticulate but shiny, with short and sparse appressed pubescence and in apical half with slightly decumbent hairs. Funicular segments elongate, thin, first segment 2.5 times as long as wide and approximately 1.3-1.4 times as long as second segment, third segment as long as to slightly shorter than second, the rest of funicular segments distinctly longer than broad. Eyes moderately large, elongate oval, 0.23 length of head. Mandibles stout, microreticulate and elongate punctate, surface indistinctly shiny. Mesosoma. Elongate, 2.1-2.3 times as long as wide, dorsally and laterally distinctly microreticulated, sculpture on sides of mesosoma tends to form longitudinal and oblique striation, surface from slightly shiny to slightly dull. In lateral view dorsum form regular arch, without mesonotal groove, propodeum softly, broadly rounded. Surface of pronotal dorsum and mesonotum with short and scarce, hardly visible depressed hairs, lateral sides mostly unhaired, pronotum with 10-14, mesonotum 4-8, propodeum 7-12 long erected setae, number of erected setae increases with the size of the ant. Waist and gaster. Petiole in form of broad, thick scale with convex anterior and flat posterior face, apex regularly rounded; surface with distinct transverse striation covered with short and sparse appressed hairs, apical crest with 2-8 very long erected setae. Gaster shorter than mesosoma, tergites with transverse microstriation, dorsally and laterally indistinctly dull, covered with long but scarce appressed hairs not covering background of tergites; all tergites with numerous very long erected setae). Legs. Moderately long and thin, hind femora shorter than mesosoma, surface of legs covered with sparse appressed to slightly decumbent hairs, inner margin of tibiae apically with row of thorns. Ventral surface of fore femora with 3-6 long erected setae. Major workers: HL: 2.750-3.233 (mean 3.013); HW: 3.017-3.433 (mean 3.225); SL: 2.573-2.733 (mean 2.668); EL: 0.587-0.634 (mean 0.609); ML: 3.85-4.41; MW: 2.08-2.23. In body color and sculpture similar to minor workers but sculpture on sides of mesosoma mostly reticulate and duller than in minor workers. Head stouter, 0.9 times as long as wide, anterior margin of clypeus distinctly crenulate, central plate of clypeus with additional 2-4 short erected setae, frontal area of head and vertex with more numerous erected setae, also occipital part on the whole surface with erected setae, gular area with more than 10 short to long erected setae. Scape proportionally shorter, 0.8-0.9 times as long as width of head. Eyes proportionally smaller, 0.2 length of head. Setation of all mesosomal parts more numerous, especially on pronotum and propodeum more than 20 setae, petiolar crest with 12-22 long setae.
Karyotype
- See additional details at the Ant Chromosome Database.
- Explore: Show all Karyotype data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
- 2n = 28 (Switzerland) (Hauschteck, 1961).
References
- Arcos, J., Chaves, D., Alarcón, P., Rosado, A. 2022. First record of Temnothorax convexus (Forel, 1894) in Portugal (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with an updated checklist of the ants from the country. Sociobiology, 69(2), e7623 (doi:10.13102/sociobiology.v69i2.7623).
- Arcos, J., Chaves, D., Alarcón, P., Rosado, Á. 2022. First record of Temnothorax convexus (Forel, 1894) in Portugal (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with an updated checklist of the ants from the country. Sociobiology, 692), e7623 (doi:10.13102/sociobiology.v69i2.7623).
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- Collingwood, C.A., Prince, A. 1998. A guide to ants of Continental Portugal (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia. Supl nº5, pp 49.
- Csősz, S., Báthori, F., Gallé, L., Lőrinczi, G., Maák, I., Tartally, A., Kovács, É., Somogyi, A.Á., Markó, B. 2021. The myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Hungary: Survey of ant species with an annotated synonymic inventory. Insects 16;12(1):78 (doi:10.3390/insects12010078).
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