Eciton hamatum

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Eciton hamatum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Dorylinae
Genus: Eciton
Species: E. hamatum
Binomial name
Eciton hamatum
(Fabricius, 1782)

E.hamatumSL1.25.jpg

Eciton-hamatumMCZC001SD1.25.jpg

Synonyms

von Beeren et al. (2018) found the Wasmannian mimic rove-beetle Ecitophya gracillima in colonies of this species in La Selva biological station in Costa Rica. An analysis of cuticular hydrocarbons showed both the ants and beetle had similar CHC profiles. Laboratory behavioral assays showed the beetles sought contact with host ants and often engaged in reciprocal grooming behavior with workers.

Photo Gallery

  • Soldier (major worker) of Eciton hamatum. Photo by Minsoo Dong.
  • Eciton hamatum major worker. Ecuador. Photo by Alex Wild.
  • Eciton hamatum returning to her nest with raided ant brood. And to the left, a beetle (Ecitophya) myrmecophile runs within the ant trail. Photo by Philipp Hönle.
  • Eciton hamatum with mites. Photo by Taku Shimada.

Identification

Jack Longino:

Minor worker: head, mesosoma, and metasoma evenly orange yellow; occipital tooth present; petiolar teeth in the form of short, acute flanges, separate or joined into a scoop-like structure, and with short separate carinae extending to a variable extent onto the posterior face, never fused into a single median carina on the posterior face; petiole long and low, subrectangular, with no anterodorsal elevated flange; fourth abdominal tergite with short, sparse appressed pubescence beneath erect setae.

Major worker: face smooth and shiny, not matte; long sickle-shaped mandibles simple, without tooth on inner margin; other characters as in minor.

Similar species: Eciton lucanoides.

Distribution

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 20.331° to -20.1°.

 
North
Temperate
North
Subtropical
Tropical South
Subtropical
South
Temperate

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Neotropical Region: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana (type locality), Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Distribution based on AntMaps

AntMapLegend.png

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.
pChart

Biology

Jack Longino: In lowland wet forest habitats this is one of the most common Eciton species. Raids are always in columns, never in a carpet like Eciton burchellii. Raids can be day or night, and I frequently observe raiding columns ascending trees. Prey are often brood of vespid wasps and the ant genera Dolichoderus and Camponotus, suggesting that E. hamatum is mainly an arboreal forager.

Brown & Fenner (1998) report this species conducting raids on the nests of an unknown species of Pheidole at Pakitza, Peru.

O'Donnell et al. (2020) report this species foraging both day and night.

Association with Other Organisms

Explore-icon.png Explore: Show all Associate data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
  • Eciton hamatum with mites. Photo by Taku Shimada.
  • Eciton hamatum with mite. Photo by Taku Shimada.
  • Eciton hamatum with mite. Photo by Taku Shimada.
  • Eciton hamatum with mite. Photo by Taku Shimada.
  • This species is a host for the diapriid wasp Mimopria campbellorum (a parasite) (www.diapriid.org) (potential host).
  • This species is a host for the diapriid wasp Mimopria ecitophila (a parasite) (www.diapriid.org) (potential host).
  • This species is a host for the diapriid wasp Mimopria ecitophila? (a parasite) (www.diapriid.org) (potential host).
  • This species is a associate (details unknown) for the phorid fly Apterophora attophila (a associate (details unknown)) (Quevillon, 2018).
  • This species is a associate (details unknown) for the phorid fly Apterophora caliginosa (a associate (details unknown)) (Quevillon, 2018).
  • This species is a associate (details unknown) for the phorid fly Ecitophora collegiana (a associate (details unknown)) (Quevillon, 2018).
  • This species is a associate (details unknown) for the phorid fly Ecitophora sp. (a associate (details unknown)) (Quevillon, 2018).
  • This species is a associate (details unknown) for the phorid fly Ecitoptera subciliata (a associate (details unknown)) (Quevillon, 2018).
  • This species is a associate (details unknown) for the phorid fly Ecituncula halterata (a associate (details unknown)) (Quevillon, 2018).
  • This species is a associate (details unknown) for the phorid fly Ecituncula tarsalis (a associate (details unknown)) (Quevillon, 2018).
  • This species is a associate (details unknown) for the phorid fly Puliciphora borinquenensis (a associate (details unknown)) (Quevillon, 2018).
  • This species is a associate (details unknown) for the phorid fly Puliciphora nitida (a associate (details unknown)) (Quevillon, 2018).
  • This species is a associate (details unknown) for the phorid fly Thalloptera schwarzmaieri (a associate (details unknown)) (Quevillon, 2018).
  • This species is a host for the phorid fly Apodicrania termitophila (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • This species is a host for the phorid fly Diocophora sp. (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • This species is a prey for the phorid fly Dohrniphora sp. (a predator) (Quevillon, 2018).

Life History Traits

  • Queen number: monogynous (Hagan, 1954; Rettenmeyer, 1963; Whelden, 1963; Mizuno et al., 2021)
  • Queen type: dichthadiiform (Hagan, 1954; Rettenmeyer, 1963; Whelden, 1963; Mizuno et al., 2021)
  • Mean colony size: 100,000-500,000 (Hagan, 1954; Schneirla, 1957; Rettenmeyer, 1963; Whelden, 1963; Beckers et al., 1989; Mizuno et al., 2021)
  • Foraging behaviour: group hunter (Schneirla, 1957; Rettenmeyer, 1963; Beckers et al., 1989)

Castes

Worker
Eciton-hamatumWF2.jpgEciton-hamatumWL1.jpgEciton-hamatumWD1.jpg
. Owned by Museum of Comparative Zoology.
Soldier
Eciton-hamatumSF1.jpgEciton-hamatumSL1.jpgEciton-hamatumSD1.jpg
.
Queen
Eciton-hamatumQF2.jpgEciton-hamatumQL0.jpgEciton-hamatumQD1.jpgEciton-hamatumQDG1.jpg
.
Male
Eciton-hamatumMF2.jpgEciton-hamatumML0.jpgEciton-hamatumMD0.jpg
.

Phylogeny

Relationships among species of Eciton based on Winston et al. (2016). The species Eciton jansoni, Eciton quadriglume, Eciton setigaster and Eciton uncinatum were not included in this study.

Eciton

Eciton dulcium

Eciton vagans

Eciton quadriglume

Eciton rapax

Eciton mexicanum

Eciton lucanoides

Eciton burchellii

Eciton drepanophorum

Eciton hamatum

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

  • hamatum. Formica hamata Fabricius, 1782: 494 (s.) FRENCH GUIANA.
    • Type-material: holotype worker.
    • Type-locality: French Guiana: Cayenne (no collector’s name).
    • Type-depository: ZMUC.
    • Mayr, 1886b: 121 (w.); Emery, 1896g: 39 (m.); Wheeler, W.M. 1925c: 145 (q.); Wheeler, G.C. 1943: 327 (l.).
    • Combination in Myrmecia: Fabricius, 1804: 425;
    • combination in Atta: Latreille, 1809: 129; Leach, 1815: 147;
    • combination in Eciton: Latreille, 1804: 179; Latreille, 1817c: 75; Smith, F. 1855c: 161;
    • combination in E. (Eciton): Emery, 1910b: 20; Santschi, 1925b: 12.
    • Status as species: Fabricius, 1787: 311; Gmelin, 1790: 2803; Olivier, 1792: 502; Fabricius, 1793: 364; Latreille, 1802c: 242; Fabricius, 1804: 425; Latreille, 1804: 179; Leach, 1815: 147; Latreille, 1817c: 75; Lamarck, 1817: 97; Smith, F. 1855c: 161; Smith, F. 1858b: 148; Mayr, 1863: 409; Roger, 1863b: 36; Norton, 1868a: 61; Norton, 1868b: 45; Mayr, 1886b: 117 (in key); Forel, 1886a: 217; Emery, 1890b: 38; Dalla Torre, 1893: 3; Emery, 1894c: 176; Emery, 1894k: 45; Forel, 1895b: 119; Emery, 1896g: 39; Forel, 1899c: 22; Emery, 1900a: 176 (in key); Wheeler, W.M. 1907a: 271; Forel, 1907e: 2; Emery, 1910b: 20; Forel, 1912c: 41; Mann, 1916: 419; Crawley, 1916b: 368; Forel, 1921b: 133; Santschi, 1921g: 88; Wheeler, W.M. 1921d: 309; Mann, 1922: 19; Borgmeier, 1923: 38; Wheeler, W.M. 1923a: 1; Wheeler, W.M. 1925a: 1; Santschi, 1925b: 12; Borgmeier, 1936: 51; Santschi, 1939f: 161; Borgmeier, 1953: 9; Borgmeier, 1955: 214 (redescription); Tafuri, 1957: 21; Borgmeier, 1958: 204; Kempf, 1960e: 387; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1964c: 134; Kempf, 1970b: 323; Kempf, 1972a: 102; Watkins, 1976: 10 (in key); Watkins, 1982: 209 (in key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1984: 269; Bolton, 1995b: 185; Palacio, 1999: 152 (in key); Branstetter & Sáenz, 2012: 254; Bezděčková, et al. 2015: 109; Palacio, 2019: 601.
    • Senior synonym of amazona: Borgmeier, 1953: 14; Borgmeier, 1955: 214; Kempf, 1972a: 102; Bolton, 1995b: 185.
    • Senior synonym of curvidentata: Shuckard, in Swainson & Shuckard, 1840: 174; Smith, F. 1858b: 148; Mayr, 1863: 409; Roger, 1863b: 36; Dalla Torre, 1893: 3; Forel, 1899c: 23; Emery, 1910b: 20; Borgmeier, 1923: 38; Borgmeier, 1955: 214; Kempf, 1972a: 102; Bolton, 1995b: 185.
    • Senior synonym of funesta: Borgmeier, 1953: 13; Borgmeier, 1955: 214; Kempf, 1972a: 102; Bolton, 1995b: 185.
    • Senior synonym of mattogrossensis: Borgmeier, 1953: 10; Borgmeier, 1955: 214; Kempf, 1972a: 102; Bolton, 1995b: 185.
    • Senior synonym of pittieri: Borgmeier, 1953: 9; Borgmeier, 1955: 214; Kempf, 1972a: 102; Bolton, 1995b: 185.
    • Senior synonym of testacea: Mayr, 1863: 409; Borgmeier, 1955: 214; Kempf, 1972a: 102; Bolton, 1995b: 185.
    • Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Suriname.
  • amazona. Eciton amazona Santschi, 1923d: 68 (s.w.) BRAZIL (Pará).
    • Type-material: 3 syntype workers.
    • Type-locality: Brazil: Pará, Monte Alegre (Reichensperger).
    • Type-depository: NHMB.
    • Subspecies of mattogrosense: Santschi, 1925d: 221.
    • Junior synonym of hamatum: Borgmeier, 1953: 14; Borgmeier, 1955: 214; Kempf, 1972a: 102; Bolton, 1995b: 184.
  • curvidentata. Formica curvidentata Latreille, 1802c: 269, pl. 8, fig. 55 (w.) FRENCH GUIANA.
    • Type-material: holotype(?) worker.
    • [Note: no indication of number of specimens is given.]
    • Type-locality: French Guiana: Cayenne (no collector’s name).
    • Type-depository: MNHN.
    • Combination in Eciton: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 179.
    • Status as species: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 179; Smith, F. 1855c: 162.
    • Junior synonym of hamatum: Shuckard, in Swainson & Shuckard, 1840: 174; Smith, F. 1858b: 148; Mayr, 1863: 409; Roger, 1863b: 36; Dalla Torre, 1893: 3; Forel, 1899c: 23; Emery, 1910b: 20; Borgmeier, 1923: 38; Borgmeier, 1955: 214; Kempf, 1972a: 102; Bolton, 1995b: 184.
  • funesta. Eciton hamatum var. funesta Santschi, 1921g: 89 (s.w.) COSTA RICA.
    • Type-material: 3 syntype workers.
    • Type-locality: Costa Rica: (no further data) (Ritter).
    • Type-depository: NHMB.
    • [Note: perhaps also in MHNG as Santschi says he received the specimens from Forel.]
    • Junior synonym of hamatum: Borgmeier, 1953: 13; Borgmeier, 1955: 214; Kempf, 1972a: 102; Bolton, 1995b: 185.
  • mattogrossensis. Eciton (Eciton) hamatum var. mattogrossensis Luederwaldt, 1920: 4 (w.) BRAZIL (Mato Grosso).
    • Type-material: 7 syntype workers.
    • Type-locality: Brazil: Mato Grosso, Luiz de Cáceres (E. Garbe).
    • Type-depositories: MZSP, NHMB.
    • Santschi, 1925d: 221 (s.m.); Reichensperger, 1926: 401 (q.).
    • Subspecies of hamatum: Borgmeier, 1923: 38.
    • Status as species: Santschi, 1925d: 221.
    • Junior synonym of hamatum: Borgmeier, 1953: 10; Borgmeier, 1955: 214; Kempf, 1972a: 102; Bolton, 1995b: 185.
  • pittieri. Eciton pittieri Forel, 1899c: 24, pl. 1, fig. 15 (w.) COSTA RICA.
    • Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
    • Type-locality: Costa Rica: Buenos Aires (Pittier).
    • Type-depository: MHNG.
    • Combination in E. (Labidus): Emery, 1910b: 23;
    • combination in E. (Holopone): Santschi, 1925b: 11.
    • Status as species: Emery, 1900a: 185; Emery, 1910b: 23.
    • Junior synonym of hamatum: Borgmeier, 1953: 9; Borgmeier, 1955: 214; Kempf, 1972a: 102; Bolton, 1995b: 185.
  • testacea. Camptognatha testacea Gray, G.R. 1832: 516, pl. 76, fig. 4 (w.) (no state data).
    • Type-material: holotype(?) worker.
    • [Note: no indication of number of specimens is given.]
    • Type-locality: none given.
    • Type-depository: unknown.
    • [Note: the entry in Gray, G.R. 1832: 516, says only, “We have also figured a species under the name of Camptognatha testacea, of Dr Leach’s MSS., but which may probably be the Eciton hamata of Latreille”.]
    • Junior synonym of hamatum: Mayr, 1863: 409; Borgmeier, 1955: 214; Kempf, 1972a: 102; Bolton, 1995b: 186.

Description

References

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

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