Tapinoma nigerrimum

Tapinoma nigerrimum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Dolichoderinae
Genus:	Tapinoma
Species group:	nigerrimum
Species:	T. nigerrimum
Binomial name
	Tapinoma nigerrimum; Nylander, 1856 Specimen Labels

A west-Mediterranean ant, relatively common in the warmest areas. In Italy it occurs mostly in central and southern regions (Rigato & Toni, 2011).

At a Glance

• Supercolonies • Limited invasive

Photo Gallery

Tapinoma nigerrimum nest, over 400mm high. Photo by Kajetan Mszk.

Identification

A member of the Tapinoma nigerrimum complex.

Keys including this Species

Key to Central European Tapinoma

Distribution

Borowiec & Salata (2020): According to the recent revision of the Tapinoma nigerrimum species group (Seifert 2017) the true T. nigerrimum is distributed only in southern France and Spain and generally this group occurs only in the western part of Mediterranean basin. Only Tapinoma magnum was recorded also as invasive species from disturbed urban habitats of Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Slovenia, and the Netherlands but not from the countries of the eastern part of Mediterranean Basin except Slovenia. Thus, record of Tapinoma nigerrimum from Jordan is doubtful and probably concerns Tapinoma simrothi.

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 45.320278° to 30.4°.


North Temperate	North Subtropical	Tropical	South Subtropical	South Temperate

Source: AntMaps

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Palaearctic Region: Algeria, Balearic Islands, Belgium, France (type locality), Gibraltar, Greece, Italy, Malta, Montenegro, Morocco, Spain, Türkiye.

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Biology

Seifert et al. (2017) - Tapinoma nigerrimum differs from the other three nigerrimum species group in having monodomous, not very large colonies which behave aggressively to each other. Polydomous colonies seem to exist but true supercoloniality or an invasive potential are not confirmed so far. Furthermore, there seems to be some trend in T. nigerrimum of selecting more natural or semi-natural habitats – without avoiding habitats with anthropogenous impact. The other three species, in contrast, are clearly more abundant in sites with strong anthropogenous pressure. T. nigerrimum, furthermore, shows a clear avoidance of coastal areas: Only two samples were taken along the shore line within a maximum distance of 4 km from beach but 17 samples more than 4 km inland from shore. This is significantly different from a homogenous distribution over shore line and inland (p = 0.0185). As the sampling schedule of this study strongly underrecorded inland areas and thus the main habitats of T. nigerrimum, the relative rarity and disjunct distribution suggested by their distribution are probably not real traits. Alates were observed: 4 May ± 10 d [29 April - 21 May] n = 5.

Obregon et al. (2015) - This ant was observed on larvae of Lampides boeticus that were feeding on Erophaca baetica in Sierra Morena, southern Spain. T. nigerrimum has also been associated with the butterflies Tomares ballus and Leptotes pirithous.

Gonçalves et al. (2017) found Tapinoma nigerrimum to be abundant in the Iberian vineyards they sampled (pitfall trapping).

Guiliani et al. (2019) observed this species foraging on extrafloral nectaries of the invasive Reynoutria x bohemica (Polygonaceae) in Tuscany. The habitats examined were river banks and disturbed habitats.

Genetics

Palomeque et al. (2015) discovered and studied class II mariner elements, a form of transposable elements, in the genome of this ant. "Tapinoma nigerrimum has a chromosome number of n=9. Three different complete mariner elements were found in the genome of the ant Tapinoma nigerrimum. One (Tnigmar-Mr) was interrupted by a 900-bp insertion that corresponded to an incomplete member of a fourth mariner element, called Azteca.

Association with Other Organisms

Explore: Show all Associate data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.

Fungi

This species is a host for the fungus Myrmicinosporidium durum (a pathogen) in Portugal (Gonçalves et al., 2012.).

Castes

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

nigerrima. Formica nigerrima Nylander, 1856b: 71 (w.) FRANCE. [Unresolved junior primary homonym of Formica nigerrima Christ, 1791: 513 (now in Lasius) (Bolton, 1995b: 401).] Emery, 1869b: 10 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1951: 199 (l.). Combination in Tapinoma: Mayr, 1861: 41. Junior synonym of erraticum: Mayr, 1865: 62. Revived from synonymy as subspecies of erraticum: Emery & Forel, 1879: 454. Subspecies of erraticum: André, 1882b: 224; Forel, 1902a: 154; Forel, 1904b: 376; Ruzsky, 1905b: 478; Emery, 1916b: 215; Finzi, 1924a: 14; Kutter, 1928: 65. Status as species: Ruzsky, 1902d: 20; Bondroit, 1918: 89; Emery, 1925d: 46; Finzi, 1930d: 316; Santschi, 1931a: 10; Bernard, 1967: 258; Kutter, 1977c: 181. Senior synonym of magnum: Forel, 1876: 61; of ibericum: Collingwood, 1978: 71. Junior synonym of erraticum: Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 169; Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 192.]; Bolton, 1995b: 401. Revived from synonymy: Shattuck, 1994: 150; Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 478; Seifert, 2012a: 145.

Type Material

Formica nigerrima: Neotype (designated by Seifert et al., 2017: 126), major worker, Prades-le-Lez - 1.5 SE, 88 m, France, 43°41′03″N 3°52′35″E / 43.6843°N 3.8763°E / 43.6843; 3.8763, 30 April 2012, Kaufmann, SMN Görlitz; Neotype is top specimen on a pin with four workers. The neotype nest sample totals 18 males, 2 gynes, and 24 workers. Monodomous colony.

Seifert et al. (2017) - As types are not present in the Nylander collection in Helsinki, a neotype was fixed. The descriptive statements in the original description allow to conclude on a Tapinoma nigerrimum complex species but not which of the four cryptic species Nylander could have seen. Yet, the type locality "Locus aridis prope Monspelium" (Dry locality near Montpellier) gives an indication. Accordingly, we fixed a neotype in the species accounting for any of the nine Tapinoma nigerrimum complex colonies found within a radius of less than 20 km around Montpellier under exclusion of the immediate shore line.

Description

Karyotype

n = 9, 2n = 18, karyotype = 10M+4SM+4ST (Spain) (Palomeque et al., 1988; Palomeque et al., 1990a; Palomeque et al., 1990b; Palomeque et al., 1993a; Lorite et al., 1996a; Lorite et al., 1997; Lorite et al., 1998b; Lorite et al., 1999a; Lorite et al., 1999b; Lorite et al., 2002a).
n = 9 (Tunisia) (Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1983).

References

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