Tapinoma simrothi

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Tapinoma simrothi
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Dolichoderinae
Genus: Tapinoma
Species: T. simrothi
Binomial name
Tapinoma simrothi
Krausse, 1911

Tapinoma simrothi casent0178242 profile 1.jpg

Tapinoma simrothi casent0178242 dorsal 1.jpg

Specimen labels

Synonyms

Mainly a west-Mediterranean taxon, mentioned also from Afghanistan and the Arabian Peninsula (Rigato & Toni, 2011). Pashaei Rad et al. (2018) found this species in Iran on the ground and on trees, and on the ground in a moderate to low rainfall area.

At a Glance • Invasive  

Identification

Borowiec and Salata (2022) – Within Greece: Tapinoma magnum and T. simrothi form a complex of species with deep, parallelsided median emargination of clypeus. They are difficult to separate based only on external characters and the best distinguishing character is structure of male genitalia. For other distinguishing characters see comparative remarks in Tapinoma magnum.

Keys including this Species

Distribution

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 43.95° to 25.923333°.

   
North
Temperate 		North
Subtropical 		Tropical South
Subtropical 		South
Temperate

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Afrotropical Region: Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen.
Palaearctic Region: Afghanistan, Algeria, Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, China, Cyprus, Gibraltar, Greece, Iberian Peninsula, Iran, Italy (type locality), Kuwait, Malta, Montenegro, Oman, Portugal, Qatar, Spain, Türkiye.

Distribution based on AntMaps

AntMapLegend.png

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.
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Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.
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Biology

Tapinoma simrothi in Saudi Arabia was observed nesting in a decaying carpet, among roots of graminae plants and attending unidentified mealybugs, and also coexisting with Solenopsis abdita (as Solenopsis saudiensis) (Sharaf and Aldawood 2011).

Karami-jamour et al (2018) studied interactions between this ant and the aphid Aphis gossypii. Tapinoma simrothi tends this aphid and potentially protects it from predators. Laboratory microcosm experiments with plants, ants, aphids and two aphid predators (Chrysoperla carnea Stephens, green lacewing and Coccinellia septempunctata Mulsant, ladybird/ladybug) suggested T. simrothi can decrease predation of the aphid.

Borowiec and Salata (2022) - A thermophilous species, it prefers strongly sun-exposed habitats especially with saline soil. It was noted from seashores and salines, pastures with limestones rocks and ruderal places in tourist resorts. Most localities are close to towns and tourist resorts and this suggests that perhaps it is a species introduced in historical times to Greece and it originates from Asia Minor or the Middle East. Its colonies were observed on the cliff walls and in the soil of salt pans. Most records are from low altitude up to 200 m, only in mountains of Peloponnese colonies were observed at higher altitude up to 1070 m.

Association with Other Organisms

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This species is associated with the following aphids: Aphis craccivora, Aphis davletshinae, Aphis fabae, Aphis frangulae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis nasturtii, Aphis nerii, Aphis pomi, Aphis punicae, Aphis rumicis, Aphis umbrella, Brachycaudus cardui, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Brachyonguis harmalae, Brachyonguis tamaricophilus, Capitophorus inulae, Cinara cedri, Colorado absinthiella, Eulachnus tuberculostommata, Hyalopterus pruni, Myzus persicae, Nearctaphis bakeri, Pterochloroides persicae, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum padi and Thelaxes suberis (Saddiqui et al., 2019 and included references).

Fungi

This species is a host for the fungus Myrmicinosporidium durum (a pathogen) in Portugal (Gonçalves et al., 2012.).

Castes

Tapinoma minor casent0913749 h 1 high.jpgTapinoma minor casent0913749 p 1 high.jpgTapinoma minor casent0913749 d 1 high.jpgTapinoma minor casent0913749 l 1 high.jpg
Syntype of Tapinoma minor. Worker. Specimen code casent0913749. Photographer Will Ericson, Antweb.org, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by MNHN, Paris, France.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

  • simrothi. Tapinoma erraticum var. simrothi Krausse, 1911: 18 (w.) ITALY (Sardinia). Emery, 1925d: 49 (q.m.). Raised to species: Emery, 1925d: 48; Menozzi, 1933b: 77; Santschi, 1936c: 204. Junior synonym of erraticum: Baroni Urbani, 1964b: 55. Revived from synonymy, status as species: Bernard, 1967: 259; Kutter, 1977c: 182. See also: Shattuck, 1994: 154.
  • minor. Tapinoma minor Bernard, 1945: 135 (w.) MOROCCO.
    • Junior synonym of simrothi: Seifert et al., 2024: 49.

Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.

Description

Worker

Borowiec and Salata (2022) - Small to moderately large, polymorphic. The largest workers: HL: 1.016-1.048 (mean 1.036); HW: 0.929-1.003 (mean 0.969); SL: 0.905-0.968 (mean 0.933); EL: 0.222-0.253 (mean 0.239); ML: 1.18-1.43; MW: 0.60-0.68; the smallest workers: HL: 0.683-0.730 (mean 0.707); HW: 0.540-0.627 (mean 0.582); SL: 0.635-0.682 (mean 0.659); EL: 0.178-0.190 (mean 0.184); ML: 0.79-0.90; MW: 0.38-0.41. Color. Body brown to black, gena sometimes slightly paler than rest of head, yellowish brown, antennae and legs brown, coxa often slightly paler brown than femora, in pale specimens tibiae yellowish brown, tarsi always paler than femora, yellow to yellowish brown. Head. In major workers approximately as long as wide, in minor workers 1.2 times as long as wide, widest in basal 1/3 length then softly converging anterad, occipital corners rounded, occipital margin concave . Clypeus microreticulated but shiny, triangularly extended to the front, in the middle deeply emarginate to 0.35-0.39 length of clypeus, sides of the emargination usually concave and divergent, only occasionally parallel; sides of clypeus deeply concave, posterior margin rounded, surface covered with moderately dense appressed hairs, explanate anterior margin close to median emargination with one or two pairs of erected setae and few decumbent short setae partly extending behind margin of clypeus but usually not extending behind margins of median emargination. Head distinctly microreticulated but shiny, with moderately long and moderately dense appressed pubescence not covering head surface, erected setae absent, ventral side of head with0ut erected setae. Scape moderately elongate, in major workers 1.0-1.1, in minor workers 1.1- 1.2 times as long as width of head, very thin, only slightly widened from base to apex, its surface microreticulate but shiny, with short and moderately dense appressed pubescence, erected setae absent. Funicular segments elongate, thin, first segment 2.5 times as long as wide and 1.4 times as long as second segment which is 1.7 times as long as wide, the rest of funicular segments clearly longer than broad. Eyes big, placed in the middle of frontal surface of head, almost circular, 0.23-0.26 length of head. Mandibles long, without striation, teeth of masticatory margin gradually smaller posterad. Mesosoma. Elongate, 1.9-2.2 times as long as wide, dorsally and laterally distinctly microreticulated but shiny, with short and moderately dense appressed pubescence. In lateral view pronotum and mesonotum regularly convex, propodeum forms obtuse angle, mesonotal groove moderately deep. Mesosomal dorsum lacking erected setae. Waist and gaster. Petiolar scale small, thin, hidden under protruding anterad anterior face of first gastral tergite. Gaster longer than mesosoma, tergites distinctly microreticulated sometimes tending to form transverse sculpture, surface shiny, covered with moderately long and dense appressed pubescence, first three tergites lacking erected setae, sternites with median keel. Legs. Moderately long, tibiae distinctly widened from base to apex, mid and hind tibiae with very long, sharp apical spur, first segment of tarsi longer than subsequent segments combined, surface covered with moderately long and moderately dense appressed hairs, erected setae absent, inner margin of tibiae lacking row of thorns.

Queen

Large: HL: 1.111-1.143 (mean 1.131); HW:1.144-1.222 (mean 1.176); SL: 0.971-1.016 (mean 1.003); ML: 2.10-2.13; MW: 1.16-1.22; HL/HW: 0.923-0,996 (mean 0.963); SL/HW: 0.831-0.888 (mean 0.853); ML/MW: 1.724-1.823 (mean 1.781).

Karyotype

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  • n = 9, 2n = 18 (Spain; Tunisia) (Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1983).
  • n = 9 (Crozier, 1975).

References

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