Male Morphology
Measurements
These measurements were used by Ramamonjisoa et al. (2023) when describing males of the myrmicine species Erromyrma latinodis.
Definitions
- EL
- Maximum eye length measured in full-face view along its maximum vertical diameter.
- F1
- Maximum length of the pedicel (1st funicular segment, 2nd antennal segment) measured in a straight line.
- HL
- Maximum head length in full-face view, measured in a straight line, from the anterior clypeal margin to the midpoint of a straight line drawn across the occipital margin.
- HW1
- Head width at the level of the posterior margin of compound eyes, measured in full-face view.
- HW2
- Maximum head width including the compound eyes, measured in full-face view.
- IOD
- Inner ocellar distance. Minimum distance between the inner edges of the two lateral ocelli, measured in full-face view.
- LOD
- Lateral ocellar distance. Minimum distance between the inner edge of the median and lateral ocelli, measured in full-face view.
- OOD
- Ocular-ocellar distance. Minimum distance from the outer edge of a lateral ocellus to the compound eyes, measured in full-face view.
- PL
- Petiole length, measured in profile view from the anterior margin of the peduncle to posterior most point of the petiolar tergite.
- PW
- Petiolar width. Maximum petiole width, measured in dorsal view.
- PPW
- Postpetiolar width. Maximum postpetiole width, measured in dorsal view.
- SL
- Scape length. Maximum length of the antennal scape measured in a straight line, excluding the basal constriction and condylar bulb.
Indices
- CI
- Cephalic index. HW1/HL × 100.
- SI
- Scape index. SL/HW1 × 100.
- EI
- Eye index. EL/HW1 × 100.
- PI
- Petiolar index. PL/PPL.
Wings
Ramamonjisoa et al. (2023) describe the wings of the male of the myrmicine species Erromyrma latinodis:
Structures
- Pt
- pterostigma
- Sc
- subcosta
- R, r
- radius
- Rs, rs
- radial sector
- M, m
- media
- Cu
- cubitus
- A, a
- anal
Genitalia
Male genitalia in ants has been reviewed by Boudinot (2013).
Ward & Boudinot (2021) provide the following genitalic term equivalencies among key works (see also Boudinot (2013) and references within cited studies):
- Cupula (= basal ring of Snodgrass (1941, 1957))
- Cuspis (= cuspis or distivolsella)
- Gonocoxa (= gonocoxite in the strict sense, basimere of Snodgrass (1957), gonostipes of Schulmeister (2001))
- Gonopod (= gonopodites in the strict sense, parameres of Snodgrass (1941, 1957), latimeres of Schulmeister (2001), stipites of Kempf (1956), stipes of Birket-Smith (1981))
- Gonapophysis (= digitus of Snodgrass (1941, 1957); Schulmeister (2001))
- Gonostylus (= telomere or harpago of Snodgrass (1957), harpe of Schulmeister (2001))
- Penial sclerite (= aedeagal sclerite of Snodgrass (1941, 1957), sagitta of Snodgrass (1957), penisvalva of Schulmeister (2001))
References
- Boudinot, B.E. 2013. The male genitalia of ants: musculature, homology, and functional morphology (Hymenoptera, Aculeata, Formicidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 30, 29e49.
- Boudinot, B.E. 2018. A general theory of genital homologies for the Hexapoda (Pancrustacea) derived from skeletomuscular correspondences, with emphasis on the Endopterygota. Arthropod Structure & Development 47: 563–613 (doi:10.1016/j.asd.2018.11.001).
- Griebenow, Z. 2024. Systematic revision of the ant subfamily Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 1189, 83–184 (doi:10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506).
- Ramamonjisoa, M.M., Rasoamanana, N., Fisher, B.L. 2023. Description of the male of Erromyrma Bolton & Fisher, 2016 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 1163, 61-77 (doi:10.3897/zookeys.1163.95696).
- Tozetto, L., Lattke, J.E. 2020. Revealing male genital morphology in the giant ant genus Dinoponera with geometric morphometrics. Arthropod Structure & Development 57, 100943 (doi:10.1016/j.asd.2020.100943)).
- Ward, P.S., Boudinot, B.E. 2021. Grappling with homoplasy: taxonomic refinements and reassignments in the ant genera Camponotus and Colobopsis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 79, 37–56 (doi:10.3897/asp.79.e66978).
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