AntWiki: The Ants --- Online
| Dorylus fulvus
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| Scientific classification
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| Kingdom:
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Animalia
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| Phylum:
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Arthropoda
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| Class:
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Insecta
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| Order:
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Hymenoptera
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| Family:
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Formicidae
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| Subfamily:
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Dorylinae
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| Genus:
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Dorylus
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| Species:
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D. fulvus
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| Binomial name
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Dorylus fulvus
(Westwood, 1839)
Specimen Labels
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| Subspecies
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- Dorylus fulvus badius Gerstäcker, 1859
- Dorylus fulvus crosi Santschi, 1926
- Dorylus fulvus dentifrons Wasmann, 1904
- Dorylus fulvus eurous Emery, 1915
- Dorylus fulvus glabratus Shuckard, 1840
- Dorylus fulvus juvenculus Shuckard, 1840
- Dorylus fulvus mordax Santschi, 1931
- Dorylus fulvus obscurior Wheeler, W.M., 1925
- Dorylus fulvus punicus Santschi, 1926
- Dorylus fulvus ruficeps Santschi, 1926
- Dorylus fulvus saharensis Santschi, 1926
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| Synonyms
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Arnold (1915) observed these ants tending an unidentified Membracidae, one of just a few rare records of an army ant associating with honeydew producing insects.
Dorylus fulvus currently contains 11 subspecies and 7 junior synonyms. These taxa were described in the 1800's and early 1900's and the synonyms proposed in the early 1900's, with essentially no taxonomic consideration since. Of the 11 subspecies, 3 were described from workers, 4 were based on workers and males and 4 on males alone. This makes it almost impossible to taxonomically compare these taxa with each other, and makes the original descriptions essentially worthless. The true identity of these forms, and their relationships to each other, will remain uncertain until a full revision has been undertaken.
Photo Gallery
Dorylus fulvus worker, Israel. Photo by Eran Schnecke.
Identification
Distribution
Latitudinal Distribution Pattern
Latitudinal Range: 36.833333° to -27.6°.
Afrotropical Region: Central African Republic, Gambia, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, United Republic of Tanzania, Zimbabwe.
Oriental Region: India, Pakistan.
Palaearctic Region: Algeria, Balearic Islands, Oman, Türkiye.
Distribution based on AntMaps
Distribution based on AntWeb specimens
Check data from AntWeb
Countries Occupied
| Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.
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Estimated Abundance
| Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.
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Biology
Association with Other Organisms
Explore: Show all Associate data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
- This species is a associate (details unknown) for the phorid fly Aenigmatopoeus cucullatus (a associate (details unknown)) (Quevillon, 2018).
Castes
Worker
Male
Phylogeny
Relationships among selected Dorylus species based on Kronauer et al. (2007).
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- fulvus. Typhlopone fulva Westwood, 1839: 218 (in text), fig. 86.17-20 (w.) (no state data).
- Type-material: 3 syntype workers.
- [Note: number of specimens is given by Westwood, 1840b: 81.]
- Type-locality: none given, “found dead in sugar” (C.C. Babington).
- Type-depository: OXUM.
- [Misspelled as fulvis by Prins, 1963: 97, in the combination D. fulvis badius.]
- Emery, 1895j: 723 (m.).
- Combination in Dorylus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 10;
- combination in D. (Typhlopone): Emery, 1895j: 723.
- Status as species: Westwood, 1840b: 87 (redescription); Smith, F. 1858b: 110; Roger, 1861a: 45; Roger, 1863b: 20; Mayr, 1863: 457; Dalla Torre, 1893: 10; Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery 1897e: 595; Emery, 1899a: 499; Emery, 1901c: 196 (in key); Forel, 1904b: 369; Forel, 1904c: 5; Mayr, 1907a: 387; Mayr, 1907b: 8; Emery, 1910b: 13; Forel, 1910a: 6; Stitz, 1910: 128; Forel, 1910f: 4; Karavaiev, 1912a: 2; Forel, 1913d: 427; Santschi, 1914d: 333; Arnold, 1915: 125; Emery, 1915g: 6; Stitz, 1917: 335; Bondroit, 1918: 15; Donisthorpe, 1918b: 166; Emery, 1919c: 102; Crawley, 1920a: 163; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 742; Müller, 1923b: 30; Santschi, 1926e: 235; Kutter, 1928: 66; Crawley, in Santschi, 1928d: 55 (redescription); Santschi, 1931d: 407; Finzi, 1936: 156; Finzi, 1940: 155; Weber, 1952c: 6; Ceballos, 1956: 295; Cagniant, 1964: 86; Cagniant, 1968a: 142; Cagniant, 1970a: 413; Collingwood, 1985: 233; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 52; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 264; Kugler, J. 1988: 256; Bolton, 1995b: 178; Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 307; Espadaler, 1997b: 27; Cagniant, 2006a: 195; Petrov, 2006: 82 (in key); Kiran & Karaman, 2012: 5; Hita Garcia, et al. 2013: 203; Borowiec, L. 2014: 71 (see note in bibliography); Bharti, Guénard, et al. 2016: 22; Rasheed, et al. 2019: 428.
- Senior synonym of clausii: Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 744; Müller, 1923b: 30; Bolton, 1995b: 178.
- Senior synonym of dahlbomii: Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 743; Bolton, 1995b: 178.
- Senior synonym of homalinus: Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 160; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 743.
- Senior synonym of kirbii: Smith, F. 1858b: 110; Mayr, 1863: 457; Roger, 1863b: 20; Dalla Torre, 1893: 10; Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 743; Bolton, 1995b: 178.
- Senior synonym of shuckardi: Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 743; Bolton, 1995b: 178.
- Senior synonym of spinolae: Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 743; Bolton, 1995b: 178.
- Senior synonym of thwaitsii: Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 743; Bolton, 1995b: 178.
- Distribution: Algeria, Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia, France, Ghana, Guinea, India, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kenya, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Slovenia, Somalia, Spain (+ Balearics), Sudan, Syria, Tanzania (+ Zanzibar), Tunisia, Turkey, Yemen.
- Current subspecies: nominal plus badius, crosi, dentifrons, eurous, glabratus, juvenculus, mordax, obscurior, punicus, ruficeps, saharensis.
- clausii. Typhlopone clausii Joseph, 1882: 47 (w.) SLOVENIA.
- Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
- Type-locality: Slovenia: Krain (“Krainer Tropfsteingrotten”), caves of S. Kanzian (Mataún), Corgnale, and S. Servolo, iv.1875, and 1881 (G. Joseph).
- Type-depository: NHMW.
- Combination in Dorylus: André, 1882c: 252.
- Status as species: André, 1882c: 252 (in key).
- Junior synonym of juvenculus: Emery, 1891b: 1.
- Subspecies of juvenculus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 12.
- Junior synonym of fulvus: Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 744; Müller, 1923b: 30; Bolton, 1995b: 178.
- dahlbomii. Typhlopone dahlbomii Westwood, 1840b: 88, pl. 2, fig. 3 (w.) (no state data).
- Type-material: holotype(?) worker.
- [Note: no indication of number of specimens is given.]
- Type-locality: none given (“In saccharo detecta”).
- [Note: Smith, F. 1858b: 111, has “Hab. West India Islands?” which is unlikely.].
- Type-depository: unknown (“In Mus. D.C.C. Babington”; perhaps OXUM).
- Combination in Dorylus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 10.
- Status as species: Smith, F. 1858b: 111; Roger, 1861a: 45; Roger, 1863b: 20; Mayr, 1863: 457; Dalla Torre, 1893: 10.
- Junior synonym of fulvus: Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 743; Bolton, 1995b: 178.
- homalinus. Cosmaecetes homalinus Spinola, 1851b: 55 (w.) Brazil (Pará).
- Type-material: holotype worker.
- Type-locality (in error): Brazil: Pará, 1846 (Ghiliani).
- [Note: Spinola, 1853b: 71, says that he found three workers in M. Rambur’s collection that were exactly the same as the holotype, but from Algeria. Emery, 1893h: 1, confirms that homalinus is from North Africa.]
- Type-depository: MRSN.
- [Also described as new by Spinola, 1853: 71.]
- [Misspelled as omalinus by Emery, 1893h: 1, Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 160.]
- Combination in Typhlopone: Smith, F. 1858b: 111;
- combination in Dorylus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 11.
- Status as species: Smith, F. 1858b: 111; Roger, 1861a: 45; Roger, 1863b: 20; Mayr, 1863: 457; Dalla Torre, 1893: 11.
- Junior synonym of juvenculus: Emery, 1893h: 1; Bolton, 1995b: 179 (error).
- Junior synonym of fulvus: Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 160; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 743.
- kirbii. Labidus (Typhlopone) kirbii Shuckard, 1840b: 265 (w.) (no state data).
- Type-material: holotype worker.
- [Note: Shuckard, 1840b: 265, says of the holotype, “I have only the head, which is attached to the thigh of a Formica.”]
- Type-locality: none given.
- Type-depository: BMNH? (Shuckard says, “in my own collection”.)
- Junior synonym of fulvus: Smith, F. 1858b: 110; Roger, 1861a: 45; Mayr, 1863: 457; Roger, 1863b: 20; Dalla Torre, 1893: 10; Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 743; Bolton, 1995b: 179.
- shuckardi. Typhlopone shuckardi Westwood, 1840b: 88, pl. 2, fig. 2 (w.) (no state data).
- Type-material: holotype(?) worker.
- [Note: no indication of number of specimens is given.]
- Type-locality: none given (“In saccharo detecta”).
- [Note: Smith, F. 1858b: 111, has “Hab. West India Islands?” which is unlikely.].
- Type-depository: unknown (“In Mus. nostr. Communic. D. Raddon”; perhaps OXUM).
- Combination in Dorylus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 13.
- Status as species: Smith, F. 1858b: 111; Roger, 1861a: 45; Roger, 1863b: 20; Mayr, 1863: 457; Dalla Torre, 1893: 13.
- Junior synonym of fulvus: Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 743; Bolton, 1995b: 180.
- spinolae. Labidus (Typhlopone) spinolae Shuckard, 1840c: 327 (w.) (no state data).
- Type-material: holotype worker.
- Type-locality: none given (G.H.K. Thwaites).
- Type-depository: unknown (“in the collection of Mr Thwaites”.)
- [Note: Smith, F. 1858b: 111, says that the single specimen was in “sugar casks from South America”. There is no such statement in the original description, but if the comment is correct then spinolae can not be a Dorylus species.]
- Combination in Labidus: Westwood, 1842: 77;
- combination in Typhlopone: Smith, F. 1858b: 111;
- combination in Dorylus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 13.
- Status as species: Smith, F. 1858b: 111; Roger, 1861a: 45; Roger, 1863b: 20; Mayr, 1863: 457; Dalla Torre, 1893: 13.
- Junior synonym of fulvus: Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 743; Bolton, 1995b: 180.
- thwaitsii. Labidus (Typhlopone) thwaitsii Shuckard, 1840c: 326 (w.) (no state data).
- Type-material: holotype(?) worker.
- [Note: no indication of number of specimens is given.]
- Type-locality: none given (G.H.K. Thwaites).
- Type-depository: unknown (“in the collection of Mr Thwaites”.)
- [Note: Smith, F. 1858b: 111, says that the specimen(s) were in, “sugar casks from South America”. There is no such statement in the original description, but if the comment is correct then thwaitsii can not be a Dorylus species.]
- [Misspelled as twaitsi by Emery, 1910b: 13.]
- Combination in Typhlopone: Smith, F. 1858b: 111;
- combination in Dorylus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 13.
- Status as species: Smith, F. 1858b: 111; Roger, 1861a: 45; Roger, 1863b: 20; Mayr, 1863: 457; Dalla Torre, 1893: 13.
- Junior synonym of fulvus: Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 743; Bolton, 1995b: 180.
Description
References
- Arnold G. 1915. A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Part I. Ponerinae, Dorylinae. Annals of the South African Museum. 14: 1 – 159.
- Barth, M.B., Moritz, R.F.A., Pirk, C.W.W., Kraus, F.B. 2013. Male-biased dispersal promotes large scale gene flow in a subterranean army ant, Dorylus (Typhlopone) fulvus. Population Ecology (DOI 10.1007/s10144-013-0383-4).
- Borowiec, L. 2014. Catalogue of ants of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin and adjacent regions (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus (Wroclaw) 25(1-2): 1-340.
- Borowiec, L., Salata, S. 2018. Notes on ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Gambia (Western Africa). Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology 26 (online 010), 1-13 (doi:10.5281/ZENODO.1243767).
- Borowiec, M.L. 2019. Convergent evolution of the army ant syndrome and congruence in big-data phylogenetics. Systematic Biology 68, 642–656 (doi:10.1093/sysbio/syy088).
- Cantone S. 2017. Winged Ants, The Male, Dichotomous key to genera of winged male ants in the World, Behavioral ecology of mating flight (self-published).
- Dalla Torre, K. W. von. 1893. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 7. Formicidae (Heterogyna). Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 289 pp. (page 10, Combination in Dorylus)
- Emery, C. 1895l. Die Gattung Dorylus Fab. und die systematische Eintheilung der Formiciden. Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Syst. Geogr. Biol. Tiere 8: 685-778 (page 723, male described, Combination in D. (Typhlopone), Senior synonym of clausii, dahlbomii, shuckardi, spinolae and thwaitsii)
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- Westwood, J. O. 1839a. An introduction to the modern classification of insects; founded on the natural habits and corresponding organisation of the different families. Volume 2. Part XI. London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green and Longmans, pp. 193-224. (page 219, fig. 86 worker described)
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- Cagniant, H. 1968. Liste preliminaire de fourmis forestieres d'Algerie. Resultats obtenus de 1963 a 1964. Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse 104: 138-147
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- Santschi, F.. "Quelques fourmis nord-africaines [FALTAN PÁGINAS]." Bulletin de la Société d' Histoire naturelle de l' Afrique du Nord 17 (1926): 229-236.
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