Dorylus laevigatus
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Dorylus laevigatus | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Hymenoptera |
Family: | Formicidae |
Subfamily: | Dorylinae |
Genus: | Dorylus |
Species: | D. laevigatus |
Binomial name | |
Dorylus laevigatus (Smith, F., 1857) | |
Synonyms | |
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Evolutionary Relationships | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Based on Kronauer et al., 2007. Note only selected Dorylus species are included, and undescribed species are excluded. |
Contents
Identification
A member of the Dorylus laevigatus-group.
Highly polymorphic. Number of antennal segments varying allometrically from 10 to 12. Concolorous yellow brown. (Wilson 1964)
Distribution
Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Indo-Australian Region: Borneo (type locality), Indonesia, Malaysia.
Oriental Region: India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam.
Palaearctic Region: China.
Distribution based on AntMaps
Distribution based on AntWeb specimens
Check data from AntWeb
Biology
Castes
- The following images are provided by AntWeb
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- laevigatus. Typhlopone laevigata Smith, F. 1857a: 70 (w.) BORNEO (East Malaysia: Sarawak).
- Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
- Type-locality: Malaysia: Borneo, Sarawak (A.R. Wallace).
- Type-depository: BMNH.
- [Note: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 449, could not fine these specimens in OXUM. However, there are 3 syntype workers in BMNH, labelled “SAR”.]
- [Misspelled as laeviceps by Smith, F. 1862a: 49; misspelled as levigata by Roger, 1863b: 20, Emery, 1901c: 186, and others.]
- Forel, 1901a: 464 (q.m.).
- Combination in Dorylus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 12;
- combination in Dorylus (Dichthadia): Emery, 1895j: 729.
- Status as species: Smith, F. 1858b: 112; Roger, 1861a: 45; Smith, F. 1862a: 49; Mayr, 1862: 737; Roger, 1863b: 20; Mayr, 1863: 457; Mayr, 1867a: 91 (redescription); Smith, F. 1871a: 324; Mayr, 1872: 151; Emery, 1887b: 449; Emery, 1888b: 350; Dalla Torre, 1893: 12; Emery, 1893g: 259; Emery, 1895j: 729; Emery, 1895k: 453; Emery, 1900d: 661; Forel, 1901a: 464; Emery, 1901c: 186; Emery, 1901g: 566; Bingham, 1903: 3; Forel, 1909d: 221; Emery, 1910b: 8; Forel, 1912d: 104; Forel, 1913k: 20; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 61; Santschi, 1920h: 160; Santschi, 1924c: 97; Wheeler, W.M. 1924b: 239; Karavaiev, 1926d: 422; Donisthorpe, 1932c: 448; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 9; Wilson, 1964a: 440; Bolton, 1995b: 179; Jaitrong & Nabhitabhata, 2005: 21; Pfeiffer, et al. 2011: 35; Guénard & Dunn, 2012: 26; Bharti, Guénard, et al. 2016: 22; Jaitrong, Guénard, et al. 2016: 26.
- Senior synonym of breviceps: Dalla Torre, 1893: 12; Emery, 1895j: 729; Emery, 1895k: 453; Forel, 1901a: 464; Bingham, 1903: 3; Wilson, 1964a: 440; Bolton, 1995b: 179.
- Senior synonym of glaberrima: Emery, 1888b: 350; Forel, 1901a: 464; Bingham, 1903: 3; Emery, 1910b: 9; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 161; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 61; Santschi, 1931d: 407; Wilson, 1964a: 440; Bolton, 1995b: 179.
- Senior synonym of klugi: Emery, 1888b: 350; Forel, 1901a: 464; Bingham, 1903: 3; Emery, 1910b: 9; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 61; Wilson, 1964a: 440; Bolton, 1995b: 179.
- Distribution: China, India, Indonesia (Java, Sulawesi, Sumatra), Laos, Malaysia (Peninsula, Sabah, Sarawak), Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam.
- breviceps. Dorylus (Typhlopone) breviceps Emery, 1889b: 488 (w.) MYANMAR.
- Type-material: 2 syntype workers.
- Type-locality: Myanmar (“Birmania”): Tenasserim, Kawkareet (L. Fea).
- Type-depository: MSNG.
- Combination in D. (Dichthadia): Emery, 1895j: 729.
- Subspecies of laevigatus: Emery, 1910b: 9; Viehmeyer, 1916a: 110; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 9.
- Junior synonym of laevigatus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 12; Emery, 1895j: 729; Emery, 1895k: 453; Forel, 1901a: 464; Bingham, 1903: 3; Wilson, 1964a: 440; Bolton, 1995b: 178.
- glaberrima. Dichthadia glaberrima Gerstäcker, 1863: 93, pl. 1, fig. 2 (q.) INDONESIA (Java).
- Type-material: holotype queen.
- Type-locality: Indonesia: Java (no further data).
- Type-depository: unknown (“Mus. Berol.”).
- Combination in Dorylus (Dichthadia): Emery, 1888b: 345.
- Status as species: Mayr, 1863: 407; Roger, 1863b: 42; Dalla Torre, 1893: 10; Emery, 1895j: 729.
- Junior synonym of laevigatus: Emery, 1888b: 350; Forel, 1901a: 464; Bingham, 1903: 3; Emery, 1910b: 9; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 161; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 61; Santschi, 1931d: 407; Wilson, 1964a: 440; Bolton, 1995b: 179.
- klugi. Dorylus klugi Emery, 1887b: 448, pl. 1, fig. 10 (m.) INDONESIA (Sumatra) (attributed to Hagenbach).
- Type-material: holotype male.
- Type-locality: Indonesia: Sumatra, Padan Panjan, Mt Singalang (O. Beccari).
- Type-depository: MSNG.
- Status as species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 12; Emery, 1895j: 729; Forel, 1901h: 47.
- Junior synonym of laevigatus: Emery, 1888b: 350; Forel, 1901a: 464; Bingham, 1903: 3; Emery, 1910b: 9; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 61; Wilson, 1964a: 440; Bolton, 1995b: 179.
Description
References
- Bingham, C. T. 1903. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Hymenoptera, Vol. II. Ants and Cuckoo-wasps. London: Taylor and Francis, 506 pp. (page 3, see also)
- Dalla Torre, K. W. von. 1893. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 7. Formicidae (Heterogyna). Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 289 pp. (page 12, Senior synonym of breviceps)
- Dias, R.K.S., Rajapaksa, R.P.K.C. 2017. Geographic records of subfamilies, genera and species of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the four climatic zones of Sri Lanka: A review. Journal of Science of the University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka 11, 23-45. (doi:10.4038/josuk.v11i2.7999).
- Emery, C. 1895l. Die Gattung Dorylus Fab. und die systematische Eintheilung der Formiciden. Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Syst. Geogr. Biol. Tiere 8: 685-778 (page 729, Combination in Dorylus (Dichthadia), Senior synonym of breviceps)
- Emery, C. 1895m. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. LXIII. Formiche di Birmania del Tenasserim e dei Monti Carin raccolte da L. Fea. Parte II. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. 34[=(2(14): 450-483 (page 453, see also)
- Forel, A. 1901a. Les Formicides de l'Empire des Indes et de Ceylan. Part VIII. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 13: 462-477 (page 464, queen, male described, Senior synonym of klugi and glaberrima)
- Kronauer, D. J. C.; Schöning, C.; Vilhelmsen, L. B.; Boomsma, J. J. 2007. A molecular phylogeny of Dorylus army ants provides evidence for multiple evolutionary transitions in foraging niche. BMC Evolutionary Biology 7: Article 56 (doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-56).
- Liu, C., Fischer, G., Hita Garcia, F., Yamane, S., Liu, Q., Peng, Y.Q., Economo, E.P., Guénard, B., Pierce, N.E. 2020. Ants of the Hengduan Mountains: a new altitudinal survey and updated checklist for Yunnan Province highlight an understudied insect biodiversity hotspot. ZooKeys 978, 1–171 (doi:10.3897/zookeys.978.55767).
- Smith, F. 1857a. Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo; Mount Ophir, Malacca; and at Singapore, by A. R. Wallace. [part]. J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. 2: 42-88 (page 70, worker described)
- Wilson, E. O. 1964a. The true army ants of the Indo-Australian area (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dorylinae). Pac. Insects 6: 427-483 (page 440, see also)
References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics
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- Chapman, J. W., and Capco, S. R. 1951. Check list of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Asia. Monogr. Inst. Sci. Technol. Manila 1: 1-327
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- Dias R. K. S., K. R. K. A. Kosgamage, and H. A. W. S. Peiris. 2012. The Taxonomy and Conservation Status of Ants (Order: Hymenoptera, Family: Formicidae) in Sri Lanka. In: The National Red List 2012 of Sri Lanka; Conservation Status of the Fauna and Flora. Weerakoon, D.K. & S. Wijesundara Eds., Ministry of Environment, Colombo, Sri Lanka. p11-19.
- Dias R. K. S., and R. P. K. C. Rajapaksa. 2016. Geographic records of subfamilies, genera and species of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the four climatic zones of Sri Lanka: a review. J. Sci. Univ. Kelaniya 11(2): 23-45.
- Eguchi K., B. T. Viet, and S. Yamane. 2014. Generic Synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part IICerapachyinae, Aenictinae, Dorylinae, Leptanillinae, Amblyoponinae, Ponerinae, Ectatomminae and Proceratiinae. Zootaxa 3860: 001-046.
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