Dorylus laevigatus

Dorylus laevigatus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Dorylinae
Genus:	Dorylus
Species:	D. laevigatus
Binomial name
Dorylus laevigatus (Smith, F., 1857) Specimen Labels
Synonyms
Dichthadia glaberrima Gerstäcker, 1863 Dorylus breviceps Emery, 1889 Dorylus klugi Emery, 1887

Evolutionary Relationships

Dorylus Dorylus laevigatus Dorylus conradti Dorylus orientalis Dorylus fimbriatus laevipodex Dorylus fulvus Dorylus spininodis Dorylus mayri Dorylus nigricans rubellus Dorylus nigricans molestus Dorylus nigricans terrificus Dorylus wilverthi Dorylus nigricans burmeisteri Dorylus nigricans sjostedti Dorylus nigricans arcens Dorylus nigricans Dorylus emeryi Dorylus gerstaeckeri Dorylus gribodoi Dorylus kohli Dorylus emeryi opacus Dorylus braunsi Dorylus affinis Dorylus helvolus

Based on Kronauer et al., 2007. Note only selected Dorylus species are included, and undescribed species are excluded.

Identification

A member of the Dorylus laevigatus-group.

Highly polymorphic. Number of antennal segments varying allometrically from 10 to 12. Concolorous yellow brown. (Wilson 1964)

Distribution

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Indo-Australian Region: Borneo (type locality), Indonesia, Malaysia.
Oriental Region: India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam.
Palaearctic Region: China.

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Castes

• The following images are provided by AntWeb
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Wilson 1964 Army Ant fig 1-14

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

• laevigatus. Typhlopone laevigata Smith, F. 1857a: 70 (w.) BORNEO (East Malaysia: Sarawak).
  • Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
  • Type-locality: Malaysia: Borneo, Sarawak (A.R. Wallace).
  • Type-depository: BMNH.
  • [Note: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 449, could not fine these specimens in OXUM. However, there are 3 syntype workers in BMNH, labelled “SAR”.]
  • [Misspelled as laeviceps by Smith, F. 1862a: 49; misspelled as levigata by Roger, 1863b: 20, Emery, 1901c: 186, and others.]
  • Forel, 1901a: 464 (q.m.).
  • Combination in Dorylus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 12;
  • combination in Dorylus (Dichthadia): Emery, 1895j: 729.
  • Status as species: Smith, F. 1858b: 112; Roger, 1861a: 45; Smith, F. 1862a: 49; Mayr, 1862: 737; Roger, 1863b: 20; Mayr, 1863: 457; Mayr, 1867a: 91 (redescription); Smith, F. 1871a: 324; Mayr, 1872: 151; Emery, 1887b: 449; Emery, 1888b: 350; Dalla Torre, 1893: 12; Emery, 1893g: 259; Emery, 1895j: 729; Emery, 1895k: 453; Emery, 1900d: 661; Forel, 1901a: 464; Emery, 1901c: 186; Emery, 1901g: 566; Bingham, 1903: 3; Forel, 1909d: 221; Emery, 1910b: 8; Forel, 1912d: 104; Forel, 1913k: 20; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 61; Santschi, 1920h: 160; Santschi, 1924c: 97; Wheeler, W.M. 1924b: 239; Karavaiev, 1926d: 422; Donisthorpe, 1932c: 448; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 9; Wilson, 1964a: 440; Bolton, 1995b: 179; Jaitrong & Nabhitabhata, 2005: 21; Pfeiffer, et al. 2011: 35; Guénard & Dunn, 2012: 26; Bharti, Guénard, et al. 2016: 22; Jaitrong, Guénard, et al. 2016: 26.
  • Senior synonym of breviceps: Dalla Torre, 1893: 12; Emery, 1895j: 729; Emery, 1895k: 453; Forel, 1901a: 464; Bingham, 1903: 3; Wilson, 1964a: 440; Bolton, 1995b: 179.
  • Senior synonym of glaberrima: Emery, 1888b: 350; Forel, 1901a: 464; Bingham, 1903: 3; Emery, 1910b: 9; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 161; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 61; Santschi, 1931d: 407; Wilson, 1964a: 440; Bolton, 1995b: 179.
  • Senior synonym of klugi: Emery, 1888b: 350; Forel, 1901a: 464; Bingham, 1903: 3; Emery, 1910b: 9; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 61; Wilson, 1964a: 440; Bolton, 1995b: 179.
  • Distribution: China, India, Indonesia (Java, Sulawesi, Sumatra), Laos, Malaysia (Peninsula, Sabah, Sarawak), Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam.
• breviceps. Dorylus (Typhlopone) breviceps Emery, 1889b: 488 (w.) MYANMAR.
  • Type-material: 2 syntype workers.
  • Type-locality: Myanmar (“Birmania”): Tenasserim, Kawkareet (L. Fea).
  • Type-depository: MSNG.
  • Combination in D. (Dichthadia): Emery, 1895j: 729.
  • Subspecies of laevigatus: Emery, 1910b: 9; Viehmeyer, 1916a: 110; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 9.
  • Junior synonym of laevigatus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 12; Emery, 1895j: 729; Emery, 1895k: 453; Forel, 1901a: 464; Bingham, 1903: 3; Wilson, 1964a: 440; Bolton, 1995b: 178.
• glaberrima. Dichthadia glaberrima Gerstäcker, 1863: 93, pl. 1, fig. 2 (q.) INDONESIA (Java).
  • Type-material: holotype queen.
  • Type-locality: Indonesia: Java (no further data).
  • Type-depository: unknown (“Mus. Berol.”).
  • Combination in Dorylus (Dichthadia): Emery, 1888b: 345.
  • Status as species: Mayr, 1863: 407; Roger, 1863b: 42; Dalla Torre, 1893: 10; Emery, 1895j: 729.
  • Junior synonym of laevigatus: Emery, 1888b: 350; Forel, 1901a: 464; Bingham, 1903: 3; Emery, 1910b: 9; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 161; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 61; Santschi, 1931d: 407; Wilson, 1964a: 440; Bolton, 1995b: 179.
• klugi. Dorylus klugi Emery, 1887b: 448, pl. 1, fig. 10 (m.) INDONESIA (Sumatra) (attributed to Hagenbach).
  • Type-material: holotype male.
  • Type-locality: Indonesia: Sumatra, Padan Panjan, Mt Singalang (O. Beccari).
  • Type-depository: MSNG.
  • Status as species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 12; Emery, 1895j: 729; Forel, 1901h: 47.
  • Junior synonym of laevigatus: Emery, 1888b: 350; Forel, 1901a: 464; Bingham, 1903: 3; Emery, 1910b: 9; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 61; Wilson, 1964a: 440; Bolton, 1995b: 179.

References

• Bingham, C. T. 1903. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Hymenoptera, Vol. II. Ants and Cuckoo-wasps. London: Taylor and Francis, 506 pp. (page 3, see also)
• Dalla Torre, K. W. von. 1893. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 7. Formicidae (Heterogyna). Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 289 pp. (page 12, Senior synonym of breviceps)
• Dias, R.K.S., Rajapaksa, R.P.K.C. 2017. Geographic records of subfamilies, genera and species of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the four climatic zones of Sri Lanka: A review. Journal of Science of the University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka 11, 23-45. (doi:10.4038/josuk.v11i2.7999).
• Emery, C. 1895l. Die Gattung Dorylus Fab. und die systematische Eintheilung der Formiciden. Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Syst. Geogr. Biol. Tiere 8: 685-778 (page 729, Combination in Dorylus (Dichthadia), Senior synonym of breviceps)
• Emery, C. 1895m. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. LXIII. Formiche di Birmania del Tenasserim e dei Monti Carin raccolte da L. Fea. Parte II. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. 34[=(2(14): 450-483 (page 453, see also)
• Forel, A. 1901a. Les Formicides de l'Empire des Indes et de Ceylan. Part VIII. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 13: 462-477 (page 464, queen, male described, Senior synonym of klugi and glaberrima)
• Kronauer, D. J. C.; Schöning, C.; Vilhelmsen, L. B.; Boomsma, J. J. 2007. A molecular phylogeny of Dorylus army ants provides evidence for multiple evolutionary transitions in foraging niche. BMC Evolutionary Biology 7: Article 56 (doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-56).
• Liu, C., Fischer, G., Hita Garcia, F., Yamane, S., Liu, Q., Peng, Y.Q., Economo, E.P., Guénard, B., Pierce, N.E. 2020. Ants of the Hengduan Mountains: a new altitudinal survey and updated checklist for Yunnan Province highlight an understudied insect biodiversity hotspot. ZooKeys 978, 1–171 (doi:10.3897/zookeys.978.55767).
• Smith, F. 1857a. Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo; Mount Ophir, Malacca; and at Singapore, by A. R. Wallace. [part]. J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. 2: 42-88 (page 70, worker described)
• Wilson, E. O. 1964a. The true army ants of the Indo-Australian area (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dorylinae). Pac. Insects 6: 427-483 (page 440, see also)

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

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• Borowiec M. L. 2016. Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dorylinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 608: 1–280.
• Chapman, J. W., and Capco, S. R. 1951. Check list of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Asia. Monogr. Inst. Sci. Technol. Manila 1: 1-327
• Chapman, J.W. and S.R. Capco. 1951. Check list of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Asia. Monographs of the Institute of Science and Technology (Manila) 1: 1- 327
• Dias R. K. S., K. R. K. A. Kosgamage, and H. A. W. S. Peiris. 2012. The Taxonomy and Conservation Status of Ants (Order: Hymenoptera, Family: Formicidae) in Sri Lanka. In: The National Red List 2012 of Sri Lanka; Conservation Status of the Fauna and Flora. Weerakoon, D.K. & S. Wijesundara Eds., Ministry of Environment, Colombo, Sri Lanka. p11-19.
• Dias R. K. S., and R. P. K. C. Rajapaksa. 2016. Geographic records of subfamilies, genera and species of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the four climatic zones of Sri Lanka: a review. J. Sci. Univ. Kelaniya 11(2): 23-45.
• Eguchi K., B. T. Viet, and S. Yamane. 2014. Generic Synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part II—Cerapachyinae, Aenictinae, Dorylinae, Leptanillinae, Amblyoponinae, Ponerinae, Ectatomminae and Proceratiinae. Zootaxa 3860: 001-046.
• Emery C. 1887. Catalogo delle formiche esistenti nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Parte terza. Formiche della regione Indo-Malese e dell'Australia (continuazione e fine). [concl.]. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. 25(5): 427-473.
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• Emery C. 1901. Formiciden von Celebes. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 14:565-580.
• Emery C. 1901. Studi sul polimorfismo e la metamorfosi nel genere Dorylus. Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna (5)9: 183-201.
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• Emery, C.. "Catalogo delle formiche esistenti nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Parte terza. Formiche della regione Indo-Malese e dell'Australia (continuazione e fine)." Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria (Genova) (2) 5, no. 25 (1887): 427-473.
• Emery, C.. "Formiche raccolte da Elio Modigliani in Sumatra, Engano e Mentawei." Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria (Genova) (2) 20, no. 40 (1900): 661-722.
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