Diacamma rugosum

AntWiki: The Ants --- Online
Diacamma rugosum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Ponerinae
Tribe: Ponerini
Genus: Diacamma
Species: D. rugosum
Binomial name
Diacamma rugosum
(Le Guillou, 1842)

Diacamma vagans casent0179003 profile 1.jpg

Diacamma vagans casent0179003 dorsal 1.jpg

Specimen labels

Subspecies
Synonyms
At a Glance • Gamergate  

Identification

Distribution

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 22.82° to -16.92529°.

 
North
Temperate
North
Subtropical
Tropical South
Subtropical
South
Temperate

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Indo-Australian Region: Borneo (type locality), Indonesia, Malaysia, New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore.
Oriental Region: Bangladesh, India, Laos, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam.
Palaearctic Region: China.

Distribution based on AntMaps

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Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.
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Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.
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Biology

Flight Period

X X X X
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Source: antkeeping.info.

Association with Other Organisms

Explore-icon.png Explore: Show all Associate data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
  • This species is a prey for the tiger beetle Cicindela whithilli (a predator) in Western Ghats, India (Sinu et al., 2006).
  • This species is a host for the fungus Ophiocordyceps irangiensis (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • This species is a host for the fungus Ophiocordyceps myrmecophila (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).

Life History Traits

  • Mean colony size: 100 (Fukumoto & Abe, 1983; Beckers et al., 1989)
  • Foraging behaviour: solitary forager (Fukumoto & Abe, 1983; Beckers et al., 1989)

Castes

Diacamma-rugosum-2H1.jpgDiacamma-rugosum-2L1.jpgDiacamma-rugosum-2D1.jpg
. Owned by Museum of Comparative Zoology.
Diacamma-sculpturataH3.2.jpgDiacamma-sculpturataL1.6.jpgDiacamma-sculpturataD1.6.jpgDiacamma-sculpturataLabel.jpg
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Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

  • rugosum. Ponera rugosa Le Guillou, 1842: 318 (w.) BORNEO. Ogata, 1987: 111 (m.). Combination in Diacamma: Mayr, 1862: 718. Senior synonym of versicolor: Roger, 1863b: 16; Emery, 1897b: 153; of frontalis, geminatum, geometrica, japensis, papuanum, saussurei, sculpturata, smithi, striata, vagans (and its junior synonym indica), and material of the unavailable names divergens, macreta, pulchellum referred here: Wilson, 1958d: 368. Current subspecies: nominal plus anceps, arcuatum, balinense, birmanum, celebense, doveri, gibbosum, hortense, javanum, jerdoni, latispina, lombokense, longiceps, ovale, rothneyi, sculptum, sikkimense, viridipurpureum.
  • versicolor. Ponera versicolor Smith, F. 1857a: 65 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in Diacamma: Emery, 1887b: 438. Subspecies of geometricum: Emery, 1887b: 438. Junior synonym of rugosum: Roger, 1863b: 16; Emery, 1897b: 153; Emery, 1911d: 66.
  • sculpturata. Ponera sculpturata Smith, F. 1859a: 142 (w.) INDONESIA (Aru I.). Karavaiev, 1926d: 417 (m.). Combination in Diacamma: Mayr, 1862: 718. Subspecies of geometricum: Dalla Torre, 1893: 28; of rugosum: Emery, 1897b: 159; Forel, 1901f: 338; Santschi, 1920g: 178; Crawley, 1924: 384; Karavaiev, 1925b: 120; Santschi, 1932b: 12; Karavaiev, 1935a: 65. Junior synonym of rugosum: Wilson, 1958d: 368.
  • striata. Ponera striata Smith, F. 1860b: 104 (w.) INDONESIA (Batjan I.). Combination in Diacamma: Mayr, 1886c: 361. Subspecies of versicolor: Emery, 1887b: 436 (footnote); of rugosum: Emery, 1897b: 161. Junior synonym of rugosum: Wilson, 1958d: 368.
  • tortuolosa. Ponera tortuolosa Smith, F. 1863: 18 (w.) INDONESIA (Seram I.). [Junior primary homonym of Ponera tortuolosa Smith, F. 1858b: 99 (now in Gnamptogenys).] Replacement name: smithi: Donisthorpe, 1943e: 115. Subspecies of geometricum: Emery, 1887b: 438; of rugosum: Emery, 1897b: 550. Revived status as species: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 471.
  • frontalis. Diacamma vagans var. frontalis Stitz, 1911a: 355 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Junior synonym of rugosum: Wilson, 1958d: 368.
  • papuanum. Diacamma vagans var. papuanum Stitz, 1911a: 354, fig. 5 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Junior synonym of rugosum: Wilson, 1958d: 368.
  • saussurei. Diacamma bispinosum var. saussurei Forel, 1922: 89 (w.) INDONESIA (Halmahera I.). Junior synonym of rugosum: Wilson, 1958d: 368.
  • japensis. Diacamma rugosum subsp.japensis Donisthorpe, 1941h: 52 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Junior synonym of rugosum: Wilson, 1958d: 368.
  • smithi. Diacamma rugosum subsp. smithi Donisthorpe, 1943e: 115. Replacement name for Ponera tortuolosa Smith, F. 1863: 18. [Junior primary homonym of Ponera tortuolosa Smith, F. 1858b: 99.] Junior synonym of rugosum: Wilson, 1958d: 368.


The following notes on F. Smith type specimens have been provided by Barry Bolton (details):

Ponera tortuolosa

Type-series is supposed to be two syntypes, one worker and one queen, but the queen cannot be located in either Oxford University Museum of Natural History or The Natural History Museum. Two localities were given in the original description, Ceram and Bouru. Donisthorpe, in his review of Smith types, put a type label on a worker specimen with “B” (= Bouru) upon the data disc, indicating it as a type of tortuolosa. However, a second specimen in OXUM has a data disc “Cer.” and a det. label (by Kirby?), and this specimen also has a Donisthorpe type-label stating “tortuolosa.”

It is my opinion that the “Cer.” specimen is the genuine syntype worker and that the “B” worker specimen is not. Comparing both workers to the original description there is agreement on most points, but there are the following differences.

  • Description says, “striae on prothorax transverse and curved.” The “Cer.” specimen matches this but on the “B” specimen the pronotal striae are notably circular in direction.
  • Descripton says that behind the pronotum, striae are, “oblique, running from the middle forwards down the sides.” The “Cer.” specimen matches this but the “B” specimen does not.
  • Description says, “First node of abdomen has a curved striation much more delicate than on the thorax.” The “Cer.” specimen matches this but on the “B” specimen striation is visible only on the basal third of the segment, and even here it is extremely faint.

I conclude that the Bouru locality was that of the now lost queen, and have placed a blue “syntype” disc on the Seram worker.

Ponera sculpturata

Holotype worker in Oxford University Museum of Natural History. Labelled “Aroo” (= Aru I., New Guinea) and with a Donisthorpe type-label.

Ponera striata

No type-material was found at either Oxford University Museum of Natural History or The Natural History Museum. A single worker in Oxford University Museum of Natural History fits the description reasonably well and is labelled “striata,” but its locality of “M” (Mysol I.) is incorrect, not the stated type-locality of “Bac” (= Batjan I.).

Ponera tortuolosa

Holotype worker in The Natural History Museum. Labelled “Swainson. Brazil.”

Ponera versicolor

Two worker syntypes in The Natural History Museum. Labelled “Phil. Isla. 42/22.” Acc. Reg.: “1842 no. 22. Philippine Islds. Purchased of Mr Cuming.”

Smith gives two localities in the original description, Sarawak and Philippines. A specimen from “SAR” (= Sarawak), the correct type-locality for versicolor, has a Donisthorpe label that declares it to be the type, but it also carries a Donisthorpe det.-label “rugosum Le Guil.” This appears to be the correct det. for the specimen as all versicolor material that has been seen very clearly exhibits the colour characters given by Smith: “P. purpureo et violaceo variegata........”, and, “Black, with purple, violet and green tints in different lights,” and, “Some specimens of this species are entirely bronze-green.” The two Philippines workers in The Natural History Museum show the requisite colours.

Description

References

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

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