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Chronoxenus
| Chronoxenus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Formicidae |
| Subfamily: | Dolichoderinae |
| Tribe: | Bothriomyrmecini |
| Genus: | Chronoxenus Santschi, 1919 |
| Type species | |
| Bothriomyrmex myops, now Chronoxenus myops | |
| Diversity | |
| 9 species (Species Checklist, Species by Country)
| |
| At a Glance | • Haiku |
Identification
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See images of species within this genus |
Distribution
Distribution and Richness based on AntMaps
Species by Region
Number of species within biogeographic regions, along with the total number of species for each region.
| Afrotropical Region | Australasian Region | Indo-Australian Region | Malagasy Region | Nearctic Region | Neotropical Region | Oriental Region | Palaearctic Region | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Species | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 6 |
| Total Species | 2841 | 1736 | 3045 | 932 | 835 | 4379 | 1741 | 2862 |
Biology
Life History Traits
- Mean colony size: ? (Greer et al., 2021)
- Compound colony type: not parasitic (Greer et al., 2021)
- Nest site: hypogaeic (Greer et al., 2021)
- Diet class: omnivore (Greer et al., 2021)
- Foraging stratum: subterranean/leaf litter; arboreal (Greer et al., 2021)
Morphology
Worker Morphology
Explore: Show all Worker Morphology data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
• Eyes: 11-100 ommatidia • Pronotal Spines: absent • Mesonotal Spines: absent • Propodeal Spines: absent • Petiolar Spines: absent • Caste: none or weak • Sting: absent • Metaplural Gland: present • Cocoon: absent
Castes
Phylogeny
| Dolichoderinae |
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See Phylogeny of Dolichoderinae for details.
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- CHRONOXENUS [Dolichoderinae: Bothriomyrmecini]
- Chronoxenus Santschi, 1919i: 202 [as subgenus of Bothriomyrmex]. Type-species: Bothriomyrmex myops, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1944e: 102.
- Chronoxenus junior synonym of Bothriomyrmex: Shattuck, 1992c: 54.
- Chronoxenus revived from synonymy and raised to genus: Dubovikov, 2005a: 92.
Taxonomic history
- Chronoxenus in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 690; all subsequent authors to the following.
- Chronoxenus in Dolichoderini, Iridomyrmecini, Bothriomyrmecina: Dubovikov, 2005a: 92.
- Chronoxenus in Dolichoderinae, Bothriomyrmecini: Ward, Brady, et al. 2010: 361.
- Chronoxenus as subgenus of Bothriomyrmex: Santschi, 1919i: 202; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 690.
- Chronoxenus as junior synonym of Bothriomyrmex: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Shattuck, 1992c: 54; Bolton, 1994: 26; Shattuck, 1994: 31; Bolton, 1995b: 24; Bolton, 2003: 84.
- Chronoxenus as genus: Dubovikov, 2005a: 92.
References
- Bolton, B. 1994. Identification guide to the ant genera of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 222 pp. (page 26, Chronoxenus as junior synonym of Bothriomyrmex)
- Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and Classification of Formicidae. Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. 71: 370pp (page 84, Chronoxenus as junior synonym of Bothriomyrmex)
- Brown, W. L., Jr. 1973b. A comparison of the Hylean and Congo-West African rain forest ant faunas. Pp. 161-185 in: Meggers, B. J., Ayensu, E. S., Duckworth, W. D. (eds.) Tropical forest ecosystems in Africa and South America: a comparative review. Wash (page 179, Chronoxenus as junior synonym of Bothriomyrmex [provisional])
- Cantone S. 2017. Winged Ants, The Male, Dichotomous key to genera of winged male ants in the World, Behavioral ecology of mating flight (self-published).
- Cantone S. 2018. Winged Ants, The queen. Dichotomous key to genera of winged female ants in the World. The Wings of Ants: morphological and systematic relationships (self-published).
- Donisthorpe, H. 1944e. A new species of Bothriomyrmex Emery (Hym. Formicidae), and some notes on the genus. Proc. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. Ser. B 13: 100-103 (page 102, Chronoxenus type-species: Bothriomyrmex myops, by subsequent designation)
- Dubovikoff, D.A. 2005. The system of taxon Bothriomyrmex Emery, 1869 sensu lato (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and relatives genera. Kavkazskii Entomologicheskii Byulleten 1(1): 89-94 (page 92, Combination in Iridomyrmecini;Chronoxenus revived from synonymy and raised to genus)
- Greer, J. A., Moreau, C. S. 2021. Phylogenetic analysis and trait evolution of ant cocoons. Insect Systematics & Evolution 53(1), 60–77 (doi:10.1163/1876312x-bja10008).
- Rabeling, C. 2020. Social Parasitism. In: Starr, C. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Social Insects. Springer, Cham. (doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90306-4_175-1).
- Santschi, F. 1919i. Fourmis du genre Bothriomyrmex Emery. (Systématique et moeurs.). Rev. Zool. Afr. (Bruss.) 7: 201-224 (page 202, Chronoxenus as subgenus of Bothriomyrmex)
- Shattuck, S. O. 1992c. Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 21: 1-181 (page 54, Chronoxenus as junior synonym of Bothriomyrmex)
- Wheeler, W. M. 1922i. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. VII. Keys to the genera and subgenera of ants. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 45: 631-710 (page 690, Chronoxenus as subgenus of Bothriomyrmex)