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Afrotropical Tetramorium species groups
NOTE: this page is benefiting from the invaluable comments of Paco Hita-Garcia, and reflect some unpublished points of view about the genus structure.
The following species groups are defined according to Bolton (1980)[1] with the following modifications:
- Species groups from the former genus Triglyphothrix according to Bolton (1976)[2] are kept as valid species groups. Exception to this rule are Tetramorium arnoldi, placed under the simillimum group by Bolton (1980), and Tetramorium rothschildi moved to solidum species group following Bolton (1985)[3]
- A new globulinode group is created with the former Rhoptromyrmex species
- A new decem group is defined following Hita-Garcia & Fischer (2014)[4]
- weitzeckeri group structure follows Hita-Garcia et al (2010)[5]
Although Bolton (1980) consistently defined the species groups, additional research has led to some species being moved from their placement in 1980. The table here lists those changes.
| Species | Belongs to group | Keyed in | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tetramorium flabellum | flabellum | ericae, osiris, inezulae, gabonensis | Branched pilosity |
| Tetramorium plumosum | grassii | ericae, osiris, inezulae, gabonensis | Branched pilosity |
| Tetramorium rothschildi | solidum | ericae, osiris, inezulae, gabonensis | Branched pilosity |
| Tetramorium pauper | simillimum | shiloense | Small eyes |
To determine the group affinity of a specimen, use the Key to Afrotropical species groups.
aculeatum group (former Macromischoides genus)
- Tetramorium aculeatum (Mayr, 1866)
- Tetramorium africanum (Mayr, 1866)
- Tetramorium rimytyum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium rotundatum (Santschi, 1924)
angulinode group
- Tetramorium angulinode Santschi, 1910
- Tetramorium calinum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium chloe (Santschi, 1920)
- Tetramorium legone Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium minusculum (Santschi, 1914)
- Tetramorium sudanense (Weber, 1943)
- Tetramorium zapyrum Bolton, 1980
bicarinatum group
bicarinatum species complex
- Tetramorium amentete Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium bicarinatum (Nylander, 1846)
- Tetramorium peutli Forel, 1916
- Tetramorium phasias Forel, 1914
- Tetramorium pullulum Santschi, 1924
cristatum species complex
- Tetramorium cristatum Stitz, 1910
- Tetramorium gazense Arnold, 1958
- Tetramorium notiale Bolton, 1980
emeryi species complex
- Tetramorium emeryi Mayr, 1901
- Tetramorium erectum Emery, 1895
caespitum group
This group is primarily Palaearctic, and has been difficult to characterize. The only member of this group native to the Afrotropical region:
- Tetramorium nautarum Santschi, 1918
camerunese group
camerunense species complex
- Tetramorium boehmei Hita Garcia & Fisher, 2010
- Tetramorium browni Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium camerunense Mayr, 1895
- Tetramorium gegaimi Forel, 1916
- Tetramorium hapale Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium ictidum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium luteipes Santschi, 1910
- Tetramorium miserabile Santschi, 1918
- Tetramorium ubangense Santschi, 1937
lucayanum species complex
- Tetramorium amissum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium lucayanum Wheeler, W.M., 1905
- Tetramorium tychadion Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium versiculum Bolton, 1980
capense group
- Tetramorium amatongae Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium capense Mayr, 1865
- Tetramorium dominum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium lobulicorne Santschi, 1916
- Tetramorium semireticulatum Arnold, 1917
convexum group
- Tetramorium convexum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium wadje Bolton, 1980
decem group
- Tetramorium decem Forel, 1913
- Tetramorium raptor Hita Garcia, 2014
- Tetramorium uelense Santschi, 1923
- Tetramorium ultor Forel, 1913
- Tetramorium venator Hita Garcia, 2014
dumezi group
dumezi species complex
- Tetramorium candidum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium dumezi Menozzi, 1942
- Tetramorium elidisum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium isipingense Forel, 1914
- Tetramorium pialtum Bolton, 1980
jauresi species complex
- Tetramorium jauresi Forel, 1914
- Tetramorium nodiferum (Emery, 1901)
- Tetramorium qualarum Bolton, 1980
meressei complex
- Tetramorium meressei Forel, 1916
- Tetramorium psymanum Bolton, 1980
ericae group
- Tetramorium antrema (Bolton, 1976)
- Tetramorium crypticum (Bolton, 1976)
- Tetramorium distinctum (Bolton, 1976)
- Tetramorium ericae Arnold, 1917
- Tetramorium menkaura (Bolton, 1976)
- Tetramorium minimum (Bolton, 1976)
- Tetramorium muscorum Arnold, 1926
flabellum group
coloreum species complex
- Tetramorium coloreum Mayr, 1901
- Tetramorium invictum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium postpetiolatum Santschi, 1919
flabellum species complex
- Tetramorium ataxium Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium flabellum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium geminatum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium kestrum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium sigillum Bolton, 1980
granulatum species complex
- Tetramorium bellicosum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium granulatum Bolton, 1980
pylacum species complex
- Tetramorium pylacum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium saginatum Bolton, 1980
gabonense group
- Tetramorium agna (Santschi, 1935)
- Tetramorium baufra (Bolton, 1976)
- Tetramorium brevispinosum (Stitz, 1910)
- Tetramorium constanciae Arnold, 1917
- Tetramorium dedefra (Bolton, 1976)
- Tetramorium eminii (Forel, 1894)
- Tetramorium gabonense (André, 1892)
- Tetramorium monardi (Santschi, 1937)
- Tetramorium pulcherrimum (Donisthorpe, 1945)
- Tetramorium sericeum Arnold, 1926
- Tetramorium surrogatum Bolton, 1985
- Tetramorium thoth (Bolton, 1976)
globulinode group
- Tetramorium caritum (Bolton, 1986)
- Tetramorium critchleyi (Bolton, 1976)
- Tetramorium globulinode (Mayr, 1901)
- Tetramorium opacum (Emery, 1909)
- Tetramorium transversinode (Mayr, 1901)
grassii group
- Tetramorium grassii Emery, 1895
- Tetramorium plumosum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium regulare Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium titus Forel, 1910
- Tetramorium vexator Arnold, 1926
inezulae group
- Tetramorium desertorum (Forel, 1910)
- Tetramorium furtivum (Arnold, 1956)
- Tetramorium gestroi (Menozzi, 1933)
- Tetramorium imbelle (Emery, 1915)
- Tetramorium inezulae (Forel, 1914)
- Tetramorium microps (Mayr, 1901)
- Tetramorium talpa (Bolton, 1976)
- Tetramorium tenebrosum Arnold, 1926
- Tetramorium trimeni (Emery, 1895)
osiris group
- Tetramorium osiris (Bolton, 1976)
- Tetramorium reptana (Bolton, 1976)
- Tetramorium yarthiellum (Bolton, 1976)
quadridentatum group
- Tetramorium longoi Forel, 1915
- Tetramorium magnificum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium quadridentatum Stitz, 1910
- Tetramorium simulator Arnold, 1917
- Tetramorium unicum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium viticola Weber, 1943
sericeiventre group
bequaerti species complex
- Tetramorium bequaerti Forel, 1913
- Tetramorium bulawayense Forel, 1913
- Tetramorium hortorum Arnold, 1958
- Tetramorium xuthum Bolton, 1980
sericeiventre species complex
- Tetramorium asetyum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium gladstonei Forel, 1913
- Tetramorium khyarum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium longicorne Forel, 1907
- Tetramorium microgyna Santschi, 1918
- Tetramorium petersi Forel, 1910
- Tetramorium sepositum Santschi, 1918
- Tetramorium sericeiventre Emery, 1877
setigerum group
perlongum species complex
- Tetramorium dolichosum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium perlongum Santschi, 1923
youngi species complex
- Tetramorium metactum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium youngi Bolton, 1980
doriae species complex
- Tetramorium doriae Emery, 1881
- Tetramorium gracile Forel, 1894
- Tetramorium praetextum Bolton, 1980
setigerum species complex
- Tetramorium agile Arnold, 1960
- Tetramorium avium Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium frenchi Forel, 1914
- Tetramorium laevithorax Emery, 1895
- Tetramorium parasiticum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium setigerum Mayr, 1901
shiloense group
somniculosum species group
- Tetramorium somniculosum Arnold, 1926
- Tetramorium diomandei Bolton, 1980
shilohense species complex
- Tetramorium intonsum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium jugatum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium shilohense Forel, 1913
- Tetramorium termitobium Emery, 1908
dysderke species group
- Tetramorium dysderke Bolton, 1980
subcoecum species group
- Tetramorium amaurum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium subcoecum Forel, 1907
- Tetramorium traegaordhi Santschi, 1914
- Tetramorium typhlops Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium warreni Arnold, 1926
simillinum group
oculatum species complex
- Tetramorium argenteopilosum Arnold, 1926
- Tetramorium berbiculum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium bevisi Arnold, 1958
- Tetramorium incruentatum Arnold, 1926
- Tetramorium krynitum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium luteolum Arnold, 1926
- Tetramorium oculatum Forel, 1913
poweri species complex
- Tetramorium altivagans Santschi, 1914
- Tetramorium caldarium (Roger, 1857)
- Tetramorium ghindanum Forel, 1910
- Tetramorium intextum Santschi, 1914
- Tetramorium mossamedense Forel, 1901
- Tetramorium nefassitense Forel, 1910
- Tetramorium nigrum Forel, 1907
- Tetramorium pauper Forel, 1907
- Tetramorium poweri Forel, 1914
- Tetramorium pusillum Emery, 1895
- Tetramorium zambezium Santschi, 1939
simillimum species complex
- Tetramorium anxium Santschi, 1914
- Tetramorium bothae Forel, 1910
- Tetramorium buthrum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium delagoense Forel, 1894
- Tetramorium rhetidum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium simillimum (Smith, F., 1851)
solidum group
- Tetramorium aisha Mbanyana, Robertson & Hita Garcia 2018
- Tetramorium barbigerum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium brigitteae Mbanyana, Robertson & Hita Garcia 2018
- Tetramorium clunum Forel, 1913
- Tetramorium dichroum Santschi, 1932
- Tetramorium duncani Mbanyana, Robertson & Hita Garcia 2018
- Tetramorium galoasanum Santschi, 1910
- Tetramorium glabratum Stitz, 1923
- Tetramorium grandinode Santschi, 1913
- Tetramorium jordani Santschi, 1937
- Tetramorium lerouxi Mbanyana, Robertson & Hita Garcia 2018
- Tetramorium margueriteae Mbanyana, Robertson & Hita Garcia 2018
- Tetramorium nama Hawkes, 2020
- Tetramorium peringueyi Arnold, 1926
- Tetramorium pogonion Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium rothschildi (Forel, 1907)
- Tetramorium rufescens Stitz, 1923
- Tetramorium setuliferum Emery, 1895
- Tetramorium signatum Emery, 1895
- Tetramorium solidum Emery, 1886
squaminode group
repentinumspecies complex
- Tetramorium repentinum Arnold, 1926
- Tetramorium sitefrum Bolton, 1980
squaminode species complex
- Tetramorium akermani Arnold, 1926
- Tetramorium do Forel, 1914
- Tetramorium dogieli Karavaiev, 1931
- Tetramorium flaviceps Arnold, 1960
- Tetramorium frigidum Arnold, 1926
- Tetramorium jejunum Arnold, 1926
- Tetramorium matopoense Arnold, 1926
- Tetramorium nube Weber, 1943
- Tetramorium platynode Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium squaminode Santschi, 1911
- Tetramorium umtaliense Arnold, 1926
tortuosum group
There are three species present. These species form a discrete species complex. Additional complexes in the tortuosum species group occur in other regions.
capillosum species complex
- Tetramorium capillosum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium hecate Hita Garcia & Fisher, 2013
- Tetramorium tabarum Bolton, 1980
weitzeckeri group
Diagnosis and key to species complexes, Key to species
T. edouardi species complex
- Tetramorium edouardi Forel, 1894
- Tetramorium mkomazi Hita Garcia, Fischer & Peters, 2010
- Tetramorium philippwagneri Hita Garcia, Fischer & Peters, 2010
- Tetramorium pinnipilum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium robertsoni Hita Garcia, Fischer & Peters, 2010
- Tetramorium rogatum Bolton, 1980
- Tetramorium rubrum Hita Garcia, Fischer & Peters, 2010
- Tetramorium schoutedeni Santschi, 1924
- Tetramorium zonacaciae (Weber, 1943)
T. muralti species complex
- Tetramorium akengense (Wheeler, W.M., 1922)
- Tetramorium flavithorax (Santschi, 1914)
- Tetramorium intermedium Hita Garcia, Fischer & Peters, 2010
- Tetramorium kakamega Hita Garcia, Fischer & Peters, 2010
- Tetramorium muralti Forel, 1910
- Tetramorium occidentale (Santschi, 1916)
- Tetramorium susannae Hita Garcia, Fischer & Peters, 2010
- Tetramorium trirugosum Hita Garcia, Fischer & Peters, 2010
T. weitzeckeri species group
- Tetramorium bendai Hita Garcia, Fischer & Peters, 2010
- Tetramorium boltoni Hita Garcia, Fischer & Peters, 2010
- Tetramorium guineense (Bernard, 1953)
- Tetramorium humbloti Forel, 1891
- Tetramorium mpala Hita Garcia & Fischer, 2014
- Tetramorium renae Hita Garcia, Fischer & Peters, 2010
- Tetramorium snellingi Hita Garcia, Fischer & Peters, 2010
- Tetramorium tanaense Hita Garcia, Fischer & Peters, 2010
- Tetramorium weitzeckeri Emery, 1895
incertae sedis
Doubtful ID. Indian species cited from Nigeria, needs review
- Tetramorium belgaense Forel, 1902
References
<references>
- ↑ Bolton, B. 1980. The ant tribe Tetramoriini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The genus Tetramorium Mayr in the Ethiopian zoogeographical region. Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 40: 193-384.
- ↑ Bolton, B. 1976. The ant tribe Tetramoriini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Constituent genera, review of smaller genera and revision of Triglyphothrix Forel. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology. 34: 281-379.
- ↑ Bolton, B. 1985. The ant genus Triglyphothrix Forel a synonym of Tetramorium Mayr. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Natural History. 19: 243-248.
- ↑ Hita Garcia, F. & Fisher, B.L. 2014. The ant genus Tetramorium Mayr in the Afrotropical region (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae): synonymisation of Decamorium Forel under Tetramorium, and taxonomic revision of the T. decem species group. ZooKeys 411:67-103.
- ↑ Hita Garcia, F.; Fischer, G.; Peters, M. K. 2010b. Taxonomy of the Tetramorium weitzeckeri species group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropical zoogeographical region. Zootaxa 2704:1-90. [2010-12-03]