Pseudoneoponera tridentata

Pseudoneoponera tridentata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Ponerinae
Tribe:	Ponerini
Genus:	Pseudoneoponera
Species:	P. tridentata
Binomial name
Pseudoneoponera tridentata Smith, F., 1858 Specimen Labels
Subspecies
Pseudoneoponera tridentata debilior Forel, 1901 Pseudoneoponera tridentata exasperans Forel, 1911

At a Glance

• Gamergate

Distribution

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 5.016666667° to -5.304919°.

North Temperate	North Subtropical	Tropical	South Subtropical	South Temperate

• Source: AntMaps

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Indo-Australian Region: Borneo (type locality), Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore.

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.

Biology

Queens and gamergates can cohabit in the same colonies of P. tridentata (Sommer & Hölldobler 1992; Sommer et al. 1994). Some dealated queens do not lay eggs because they are behaviourally dominated by gamergates.

Castes

Winged queens are similar in body size to workers.

.	Owned by Museum of Comparative Zoology.

Images from AntWeb

Worker. Specimen code casent0270004. Photographer Noel Tawatao, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Syntype of Pachycondyla tridentata. Worker. Specimen code casent0901365. Photographer Will Ericson, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by OUM, Oxford, UK.

Syntype of Pachycondyla tridentata. Worker. Specimen code casent0902481. Photographer Will Ericson, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by NHMUK, London, UK.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

• tridentata. Pachycondyla tridentata Smith, F. 1858b: 106 (w.) BORNEO (East Malaysia: Sarawak).
  • Type-material: 3 syntype workers.
  • Type-locality: Malaysia: Borneo, Sarawak, “SAR.”, and “Borneo. 57/36” (no collector’s name).
  • Type-depositories: BMNH, OXUM.
  • [Note: the OXUM syntype, labelled only “SAR.” has been remounted in the past by cutting short the large pin through the mesosoma, and driving it through a piece of card. In the 2 BMNH syntypes the original pins are the only ones present.]
  • Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 142 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976a: 45; Imai, et al. 1984: 67 (k.).
  • [Misspelled as tridens by Santschi, 1928h: 124.]
  • Combination in Ponera: Roger, 1860: 287;
  • combination in Pachycondyla (Bothroponera): Emery, 1900d: 667;
  • combination in Bothroponera: Mayr, 1872: 149; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 55;
  • combination in Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1995b: 311;
  • combination in Pseudoneoponera: Schmidt, C.A. & Shattuck, 2014: 135.
  • Subspecies of rufipes: Roger, 1860: 287.
  • Junior synonym of rufipes: Mayr, 1863: 450.
  • Status as species: Mayr, 1872: 149; Emery, 1887b: 442 (in key, footnote); Emery, 1888a: 531; Dalla Torre, 1893: 37; Emery, 1900d: 667; Emery, 1911d: 77; Forel, 1912n: 52; Forel, 1913k: 7; Forel, 1915a: 23; Viehmeyer, 1916a: 113; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 55; Crawley, 1924: 384; Wheeler, W.M. & Chapman, 1925: 67; Santschi, 1928h: 124; Menozzi, 1930a: 1; Menozzi, 1932d: 4; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 51; Baltazar, 1966: 241; Bolton, 1995b: 311; Pfeiffer, et al. 2011: 57.
  • Distribution: Indonesia (Nias, Simeulue, Sumatra), Malaysia (Sarawak), Philippines (Jolo, Tawi-Tawi), Singapore.
  • Current subspecies: nominal plus debilior, exasperans.

The following notes on F. Smith type specimens have been provided by Barry Bolton (details):

Ponera tridentata

Two worker syntypes in The Natural History Museum, one worker syntype in Oxford University Museum of Natural History. Of the The Natural History Museum specimens, one has two data discs, “SAR.” and “Borneo. 57/36.” Acc. Reg.: “1857 no. 36 (May 2) Borneo. Purchased of Stevens.” The second is labelled as “P. tridentata Sm. type” and has a note in Donisthorpe’s handwriting, “Borneo. Sarawak.”

The Oxford University Museum of Natural History syntype, labelled only “SAR.” has been remounted in the past by cutting short the large pin through the thorax, and driving it through a piece of card. In the The Natural History Museum specimens the original pin is the only one present.

Description

Karyotype

• See additional details at the Ant Chromosome Database.

 Explore: Show all Karyotype data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.

• n = 14, 2n = 28 (Malaysia) (Imai et al., 1983; Mariano et al., 2015) (as Pachycondyla tridentata).

References

• Baltazar, C.R. 1966. A catalogue of Philippine Hymenoptera (with a bibliography, 1758-1963). Pacific Insects Monographs 8: 1-488. (page 241, listed)
• Billen, J.P.J. 2019. Diversidad y morfología de las glándulas exocrinas en las hormigas. Pp. 165-174 in: Fernández, F., Guerrero, R.J., Delsinne, T. (eds.) 2019d. Hormigas de Colombia. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 1198 pp.
• Brown, W. L., Jr. 1995a. [Untitled. Taxonomic changes in Pachycondyla attributed to Brown.] Pp. 302-311 in: Bolton, B. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 504 pp. (page 311, combination in Pachycondyla)
• Emery, C. 1900d. Formiche raccolte da Elio Modigliani in Sumatra, Engano e Mentawei. [part]. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. 40[=(2(20): 661-688. (page 667, Combination in Pachycondyla (Bothroponera))
• Esteves, F.A., Fisher, B.L. 2021. Corrieopone nouragues gen. nov., sp. nov., a new Ponerinae from French Guiana (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 1074, 83–173 (doi:10.3897/zookeys.1074.75551).
• Imai, H. T.; Brown, W. L., Jr.; Kubota, M.; Yong, H.-S.; Tho, Y. P. 1984. Chromosome observations on tropical ants from western Malaysia. II. Annu. Rep. Natl. Inst. Genet. Jpn. 34: 66-69 (page 67, karyotype described)
• Ito, F., Hashim, R., Gobin, R. 2021. Colony composition in the Oriental ectatommine ant, Gnamptogenys menadensis in Peninsular Malaysia. Asian Myrmecology 13, e013006 (doi:10.20362/am.013006).
• Mariano, C.S.F., Santos, I.S., Silva, J.G., Costa, M.A., Pompolo, S.G. 2015. Citogenética e evolução do cariótipo em formigas poneromorfas. In: Delabie, J.H.C., Feitosa, R.M., Serrao, J.E., Mariano, C.S.F., Majer, J.D. (eds) As formigas poneromorfas do Brasil, 1st edn. Ilhéus, Brasil, pp 102–125 (doi:10.7476/9788574554419.0010).
• Mayr, G. 1872. Formicidae Borneenses collectae a J. Doria et O. Beccari in territorio Sarawak annis 1865-1867. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. 2: 133-155 (page 149, Combination in Bothroponera)
• Rodrigues, M.S., Vilela, E.F., Azevedo, D.O., Hora, R.R. 2011. Multiple queens in founding colonies of the neotropical ant Pachycondyla striata Smith (Formicidae: Ponerinae). Neotropical Entomology 40, 293–299 (doi:10.1590/s1519-566x2011000300001).
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• Smith, F. 1858b. Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae. London: British Museum, 216 pp. (page 106, worker described)
• Sommer K, Holldobler B (1992) Coexistence and dominance among queens and mated workers in the ant Pachycondyla tridentata. Naturwissenschaften 79:470–472
• Sommer, K.; Hölldobler, B.; Jessen, K. 1994. The unusual social organization of the ant Pachycondyla tridentata (Formicidae, Ponerinae). J. Ethol. 12: 175-185 (page 175, see also)
• Troya, A., Marcineiro, F., Lattke, J.E. & Longino, J. 2022. Igaponera curiosa, a new ponerine genus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Amazon. European Journal of Taxonomy 823: 82–101 (doi:10.5852/ejt.2022.823.1817).
• Wang, W.Y., Soh, E.J.Y., Yong, G.W.J., Wong, M.K.L., Benoit Guénard, Economo, E.P., Yamane, S. 2022. Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology 15: e015006 (doi:10.20362/am.015006).
• Wheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1976a. Supplementary studies on ant larvae: Ponerinae. Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 102: 41-64 (page 45, larva described)
• Wheeler, W. M. 1919f. The ants of Borneo. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 63: 43-147 (page 142, male described)
• Wheeler, W. M. 1919f. The ants of Borneo. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 63: 43-147 (page 55, Combination in Bothroponera)
• Yamane, S., Tanaka, H.O., Hasimoto, Y., Ohashi, M., Meleng, P., Itioka, T. 2021. A list of ants from Lambir Hills National Park and its vicinity, with their biological information: Part II. Subfamilies Leptanillinae, Proceratiinae, Amblyoponinae, Ponerinae, Dorylinae, Dolichoderinae, Ectatomminae and Formicinae. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University 31, 87–157.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

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• Emery, C. "Catalogo delle formiche esistenti nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Parte terza. Formiche della regione Indo-Malese e dell'Australia (continuazione e fine)." Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria (Genova) (2) 5, no. 25 (1887): 427-473.
• Emery, C. "Formiche raccolte da Elio Modigliani in Sumatra, Engano e Mentawei." Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria (Genova) (2) 20, no. 40 (1900): 661-722.
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