Chronoxenus wroughtonii

Chronoxenus wroughtonii
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Dolichoderinae
Genus:	Chronoxenus
Species:	C. wroughtonii
Binomial name
Chronoxenus wroughtonii (Forel, 1895) Specimen Labels
Subspecies
Chronoxenus wroughtonii formosensis (Forel, 1913) Chronoxenus wroughtonii javanus (Forel, 1909) Chronoxenus wroughtonii victoriae (Forel, 1895)

Distribution

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 32.6528° to 6.406°.

North Temperate	North Subtropical	Tropical	South Subtropical	South Temperate

• Source: AntMaps

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Indo-Australian Region: Singapore.
Oriental Region: India (type locality), Sri Lanka.
Palaearctic Region: China, Republic of Korea.

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

• wroughtonii. Bothriomyrmex wroughtonii Forel, 1895e: 470 (w.q.m.) INDIA (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Uttarakhand), SRI LANKA.
  • Type-material: syntype workers, syntype queens, syntype males (numbers not stated).
  • [Notes (i): Baroni Urbani, 1977e: 79, cites 5w syntypes NHMB; (ii) Shattuck, 1994: 37, cites 65w, 19q, 21m syntypes (3w MCZC, 54w, 19q, 21m MHNG, 5w NHMB, 3w USNM).]
  • Type-localities: India: Poona (R.C. Wroughton), India: Kanara (R.C. Wroughton), India: Dehra-Dun (Smythies), Sri Lanka (“Ceylon”): (no further data) (Yerbury).
  • Type-depositories: MCZC, MHNG, NHMB, USNM.
  • Combination in Bothriomyrmex (Chronoxenus): Santschi, 1919i: 202; Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 30;
  • combination in Bothroponera: Chapman & Capco, 1951: 52 (error);
  • combination in Chronoxenus: Heterick & Shattuck, 2011: 166.
  • Status as species: Rothney, 1903: 98; Bingham, 1903: 307; Emery, 1913a: 28; Forel, 1913k: 93; Wheeler, W.M. 1924b: 252; Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 30; Wheeler, W.M. 1928d: 116; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 187; Pisarski, 1967: 407; Shattuck, 1994: 37; Bolton, 1995b: 81; Tang, J., Li, et al. 1995: 88; Kim & Kim, 1999: 19; Guénard & Dunn, 2012: 24; Bharti, Guénard, et al. 2016: 18; Dias, R.K.S. et al. 2020: 17; Wang, W.Y., Soh, et al. 2022: 23.
  • Distribution: Afghanistan, China, India, Korea, Sri Lanka, Singapore.
  • Current subspecies: nominal plus formosensis, javanus, victoriae.

Description

Worker

Bingham (1903): Head and thorax brownish yellow; abdomen brown, sometimes with a yellowish tint, the whole insect covered with a fairly abundant pale pubescence, especially dense on the abdomen. Head without the mandibles square, as broad posteriorly as in front, very convex; mandibles comparatively broad, the masticatory margin oblique, armed with 4 blunt teeth; clypeus convex, broad, subtriangular, anteriorly lightly arched; antennae thick and rather long, the scape extending beyond the top of the head; the 2nd joint of the flagellum longer than broad. Thorax short and broad, thoracic sutures well-marked ; the pro-, meso- and meta- notum convex, the latter apically truncate and sloping; legs robust. Node of the pedicel comparatively erect and high ; abdomen broadly oval.

Length: 2.3 - 2.8 mm

Queen

Bingham (1903): Resembles the worker, but is dark brown; the mandibles, articulation of the joints of the legs, and the tarsi yellow; the antennae very pale whitish yellow. Head square, posteriorly slightly emarginate ; the mandibles and clypeus as in the worker, the antennae proportionately more slender and filiform, the basal two joints of the flagellum of the antenna; elongate. Thorax some- what flat above; the wings hyaline, nervures pale yellow ; the node of the pedicel and the abdomen as in B. myops.

Length: 3.5 mm

Male

Bingham (1903): Resembles the queen in colour. Head orbicular; eyes and ocelli very large; mandibles narrow and pointed; clypeus very convex, transverse ; antennae filiform, the 2nd joint of the flagellum elongate, longer than the 1st or 3rd. Thorax very massive; the mesonotum somewhat flat ; the scutellum slightly convex, elevated above the basal portion of the metanotum, which is horizontal and shorter than the apical truncate portion.

Length: 2 - 2.5 mm

References

• Bharti, H., Sharma, Y.P., Kaur, A. 2009. Seasonal patterns of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Punjab Shivalik. Halteres 1: 36-47.
• Cantone S. 2018. Winged Ants, The queen. Dichotomous key to genera of winged female ants in the World. The Wings of Ants: morphological and systematic relationships (self-published).
• Heterick, B.E. & Shattuck, S.O. 2011. Revision of the ant genus Iridomyrmex. Zootaxa 2845: 1-175.
• Liu, C., Fischer, G., Hita Garcia, F., Yamane, S., Liu, Q., Peng, Y.Q., Economo, E.P., Guénard, B., Pierce, N.E. 2020. Ants of the Hengduan Mountains: a new altitudinal survey and updated checklist for Yunnan Province highlight an understudied insect biodiversity hotspot. ZooKeys 978, 1–171 (doi:10.3897/zookeys.978.55767).
• Rasheed, M.T., Bodlah, I., Fareen, A.G., Wachkoo, A.A., Huang, X., Akbar, S.A. 2019. A checklist of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Pakistan. Sociobiology 66(3), 426-439 (doi:10.13102/sociobiology.v66i3.4330).
• Wang, W.Y., Soh, E.J.Y., Yong, G.W.J., Wong, M.K.L., Benoit Guénard, Economo, E.P., Yamane, S. 2022. Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology 15: e015006 (doi:10.20362/am.015006).

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

• Baroni Urbani C. 1977. Katalog der Typen von Formicidae (Hymenoptera) der Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Basel (2. Teil). Mitt. Entomol. Ges. Basel (n.s.) 27: 61-102.
• Bharti H., Y. P. Sharma, and A. Kaur. 2009. Seasonal patterns of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Punjab Shivalik. Halteres 1(1): 36-47.
• Chapman, J. W., and Capco, S. R. 1951. Check list of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Asia. Monogr. Inst. Sci. Technol. Manila 1: 1-327
• Dias R. K. S. 2002. Current knowledge on ants of Sri Lanka. ANeT Newsletter 4: 17- 21.
• Dias R. K. S. 2013. Diversity and importance of soil-dweeling ants. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Soil Biodiversity, chapt 4, pp 19-22.
• Emery C. 1913. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Dolichoderinae. Genera Insectorum 137: 1-50.
• Forel A. 1895. Les Formicides de l'Empire des Indes et de Ceylan. Part V. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 9: 453-472.
• Gumawardene, N.R., J.D. Majer and J.P. Edirisinghe. 2008. Diversity and richness of ant species in a lowland wet forest reserve in Sri Lanka. Asian Myrmecology 2:71-83
• Gunawardene N. R., J. D. Majer, and J. P. Edirisinghe. 2008. Diversity and richness of ant species in a lowland wet forest reserve in Sri Lanka. Asian Myrmecology 2: 71-83.
• Guénard B., and R. R. Dunn. 2012. A checklist of the ants of China. Zootaxa 3558: 1-77.
• Kim B.J., and K.G. Kim. 1999. Systematic study of Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Korea. Korean Journal of Entomology 29(1): 17-22.
• Li Z.h. 2006. List of Chinese Insects. Volume 4. Sun Yat-sen University Press
• Pisarski B. 1967. Fourmis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) d'Afghanistan récoltées par M. Dr. K. Lindberg. Annales Zoologici (Warsaw) 24: 375-425.
• Prebus M., and D. Lubertazzi. 2016. A new species of the ant genus Bothriomyrmex Emery, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Caribbean region. European Journal of Taxonomy 211: 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2016.211
• Rajan P. D., M. Zacharias, and T. M. Mustak Ali. 2006. Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae. Fauna of Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary (Karnataka). Conservation Area Series, Zool. Surv. India.i-iv,27: 153-188.
• Shattuck S. O. 1994. Taxonomic catalog of the ant subfamilies Aneuretinae and Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). University of California Publications in Entomology 112: i-xix, 1-241.
• Song Y., Z. Xu, C. Li, N. Zhang, L. Zhang, H. Jiang, and F. Mo. 2013. An Analysis on the Ant Fauna of the Nangun river Nature Reserve in Yunnan, China. Forest Research 26(6): 773-780.
• Tang J., Li S., Huang E., Zhang B. and Chen Y.. 1995. Hymenoptera: Formicidae (1). Economic Insect Fauna of China 47: 1-133.
• Xu Z., Zeng G., Liu T.-Y. and He Y.-F.. 1999. [A study on communities of Formicidae ants in different subtypes of vegetation in Xishuangbanna District of China.] Zoological Research 20: 118-125
• Yamane S. 2013. A Review of the ant fauna of the Krakatau Islands, Indonesia. Bull. Kitakyushu Mus. Nat. Hist. Hum. Hist. Ser: A, 11: 1-66