Azteca alfari

AntWiki: The Ants --- Online
Azteca alfari
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Dolichoderinae
Tribe: Leptomyrmecini
Genus: Azteca
Species: A. alfari
Binomial name
Azteca alfari
Emery, 1893

Azteca alfari casent0173824 profile 1.jpg

Azteca alfari casent0173824 dorsal 1.jpg

Specimen labels

Synonyms

Longino (2007) - Azteca alfari is an obligate Cecropia ant. It is the most widespread of the Cecropia ants, extending into the subtropics at both ends of its range. Throughout the range it is the Cecropia ant most likely to be found in open or highly disturbed areas. Founding queens are frequent in Cecropia saplings. As trees grow and form multiple branches, the nests become polydomous. Workers and brood are dispersed in branch tips, and the bole and inner portions of branches are progressively abandoned (Longino 1991a). Workers vary in aggressiveness geographically and over time. Workers in young colonies are usually aggressive, but in many cases workers in mature colonies are less aggressive, retreating inside of stems on disturbance (Longino 1991a).

Identification

Longino (2007) - Azteca alfari is most similar to Azteca ovaticeps. See differentiating characters in key and under A. ovaticeps. Workers of A. alfari may also be confused with workers of Azteca forelii. Mandibles of A. alfari workers are smooth and shiny; mandibles of A. forelii workers are roughened and dull.

Keys including this Species

Distribution

Central Mexico to northern Argentina.

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 29.833° to -27.37°.

     
North
Temperate 		North
Subtropical 		Tropical South
Subtropical 		South
Temperate

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Neotropical Region: Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica (type locality), Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Distribution based on AntMaps

AntMapLegend.png

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.
pChart

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.
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Biology

De Oliveira et al. (2015) studied Cecropia diversity and ant occupancy of Ceropia by ants in southwest Bahia, Brazil. Azteca alfari was by far the commonest ant species, being found in 52% (273 trees) of the Cecropia examined. This ant was predominant in rainforest and was not found above 600 m or in dry forest.

Association with Other Organisms

Explore-icon.png Explore: Show all Associate data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
  • This species is a host for the eurytomid wasp Aximopsis aztecicida (a parasite) (Universal Chalcidoidea Database) (primary host).
  • This species is a host for the eurytomid wasp Aximopsis affinis (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
  • This species is a host for the eurytomid wasp Aximopsis sp. (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).

Castes

Worker

Images from AntWeb

Azteca alfari casent0173827 head 1.jpgAzteca alfari casent0173827 profile 1.jpgAzteca alfari casent0173827 dorsal 1.jpgAzteca alfari casent0173827 label 1.jpg
Worker. Specimen code casent0173827. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by ALWC, Alex L. Wild Collection.

Queen

Images from AntWeb

Azteca alfari casent0173825 head 1.jpgAzteca alfari casent0173825 profile 1.jpgAzteca alfari casent0173825 profile 2.jpgAzteca alfari casent0173825 dorsal 1.jpgAzteca alfari casent0173825 label 1.jpg
Queen (alate/dealate). Specimen code casent0173825. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by ALWC, Alex L. Wild Collection.

Male

Images from AntWeb

Azteca alfari casent0173826 head 1.jpgAzteca alfari casent0173826 profile 1.jpgAzteca alfari casent0173826 profile 2.jpgAzteca alfari casent0173826 profile 3.jpgAzteca alfari casent0173826 dorsal 1.jpgAzteca alfari casent0173826 label 1.jpg
Male (alate). Specimen code casent0173826. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by ALWC, Alex L. Wild Collection.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

  • alfari. Azteca alfari Emery, 1893b: 138, pl. 2, figs. 48, 49 (w.) COSTA RICA.
    • Type-material: lectotype worker (by designation of Longino, 1989: 5), paralectotype workers (number not stated).
    • Type-locality: lectotype Costa Rica: Jiménez (A. Alfaro); paralectotypes with same data.
    • Type-depository: MSNG.
    • [Misspelled as alfaroi by Emery, 1896c: 4, Forel, 1899c: 112, many others; misspelled as alforoi by Forel, 1908e: 63.]
    • Emery, 1896c: 3 (q.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1951: 192 (l.).
    • Status as species: Emery, 1896c: 4; Forel, 1903c: 259; Forel, 1905b: 159; Forel, 1909a: 250; Emery, 1913a: 31; Stitz, 1913: 212; Mann, 1916: 471; Wheeler, W.M. 1922c: 14; Mann, 1922: 51; Borgmeier, 1923: 88; Menozzi, 1927c: 268; Wheeler, W.M. & Darlington, 1930: 114; Santschi, 1939f: 166; Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 215; Kempf, 1972a: 29; Longino, 1989: 5 (redescription); Brandão, 1991: 329; Longino, 1991: 1575; Shattuck, 1994: 11; Bolton, 1995b: 78; Wild, 2007b: 24; Longino, 2007: 15 (redescription); Branstetter & Sáenz, 2012: 253; Bezděčková, et al. 2015: 107; Guerrero, 2019: 705.
    • Senior synonym of argentina: Longino, 1989: 7; Brandão, 1991: 329; Shattuck, 1994: 12; Bolton, 1995b: 78; Longino, 2007: 15.
    • Senior synonym of bicolor: Longino, 1991: 1575; Shattuck, 1994: 11; Bolton, 1995b: 78; Longino, 2007: 15.
    • Senior synonym of breviscapa: Longino, 1989: 7; Brandão, 1991: 329; Shattuck, 1994: 11; Bolton, 1995b: 78; Longino, 2007: 15.
    • Senior synonym of cecropiae: Longino, 1989: 5; Brandão, 1991: 329; Shattuck, 1994: 11; Bolton, 1995b: 78; Longino, 2007: 15.
    • Senior synonym of curtiscapa: Longino, 1989: 7; Brandão, 1991: 329; Shattuck, 1994: 11; Bolton, 1995b: 78; Longino, 2007: 15.
    • Senior synonym of fumaticeps: Longino, 1989: 7; Brandão, 1991: 329; Shattuck, 1994: 11; Bolton, 1995b: 78; Longino, 2007: 15.
    • Senior synonym of langi: Longino, 1989: 7; Brandão, 1991: 329; Shattuck, 1994: 12; Bolton, 1995b: 78; Longino, 2007: 15.
    • Senior synonym of lucidula: Longino, 1989: 5; Brandão, 1991: 329; Shattuck, 1994: 11; Bolton, 1995b: 78; Longino, 2007: 15.
    • Senior synonym of lynchi: Longino, 1989: 7; Brandão, 1991: 329; Shattuck, 1994: 11; Bolton, 1995b: 78; Longino, 2007: 15.
    • Senior synonym of mixta: Longino, 1989: 6; Brandão, 1991: 329; Shattuck, 1994: 11; Bolton, 1995b: 78; Longino, 2007: 15.
    • Senior synonym of virens: Longino, 1989: 5; Brandão, 1991: 329; Shattuck, 1994: 11; Bolton, 1995b: 78; Longino, 2007: 15.
    • Material of the unavailable name zonalis referred here by Longino, 1989: 7; Brandão, 1991: 329; Shattuck, 1994: 12; Bolton, 1995b: 78; Longino, 2007: 15.
    • Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad, Venezuela.
  • argentina. Azteca alfari var. argentina Forel, 1914d: 287 (w.) ARGENTINA (Misiones) (date of publication (31).xii.1914).
    • Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
    • [Note: Shattuck, 1994: 11, cites 2w syntypes MHNG.]
    • Type-locality: Argentina: Misiones, Santa Ana (C. Bruch).
    • Type-depository: MHNG.
    • Gallardo, 1916a: 115 (q.).
    • Subspecies of alfari: Gallardo, 1916a: 114; Kempf, 1972a: 29.
    • Junior synonym of lynchi: Bruch, 1915: 534; Gallardo, 1915: 20.
    • Junior synonym of alfari: Longino, 1989: 7; Brandão, 1991: 329; Shattuck, 1994: 11; Bolton, 1995b: 79; Longino, 2007: 15.
  • bicolor. Azteca bicolor Emery, 1893b: 141, pl. 2, figs. 54-60 (w.q.) PARAGUAY, BRAZIL (Mato Grosso).
    • Type-material: lectotype queen (by designation of Longino, 1991: 1575).
    • Type-locality: lectotype Brazil: Mato Grosso (P. Germain).
    • [Notes (i): Longino, 1991: 1575, excluded workers of the Mato Grosso series from the type-series; (ii) other original syntype locality: workers Paraguay: (no further data) (L. Balzan), excluded from the type-series by Longino, 1991: 1575; (iii) Kempf, 1972a: 30, incorrectly gave Costa Rica as type-locality.]
    • Type-depository: MSNG (lectotype).
    • Status as species: Forel, 1895b: 109; Forel, 1899c: 119; Emery, 1913a: 32; Wheeler, W.M. 1922c: 14; Borgmeier, 1923: 90; Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 225; Kempf, 1972a: 30.
    • Junior synonym of alfari: Longino, 1991: 1575; Shattuck, 1994: 11; Bolton, 1995b: 78; Longino, 2007: 15.
  • breviscapa. Azteca foreli r. breviscapa Forel, 1912h: 51.
    • [First available use of Azteca foreli r. championi var. breviscapa Forel, 1899c: 112 (w.) COSTA RICA; unavailable (infrasubspecific) name.]
    • Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
    • [Notes (i): Baroni Urbani, 1977e: 81, cites 3w syntypes NHMB; (ii) Shattuck, 1994: 11, cites 65w syntypes (9 MCZC, 53 MHNG, 3 NHMB).]
    • Type-locality: Costa Rica: (no further data) (A. Tonduz).
    • Type-depositories: MCZC, MHNG, NHMB.
    • As unavailable (infrasubspecific) name: Emery, 1913a: 33; Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 228.
    • Subspecies of forelii: Kempf, 1972a: 32.
    • Junior synonym of alfari: Longino, 1989: 5; Brandão, 1991: 329; Shattuck, 1994: 11; Bolton, 1995b: 78; Longino, 2007: 15.
  • cecropiae. Azteca alfari r. cecropiae Forel, 1906d: 240 (w.) BRAZIL (Amazonas).
    • Type-material: lectotype worker (by designation of Longino, 1989: 5).
    • Type-locality: lectotype Brazil: Amazonas, Manaus (J. Huber).
    • [Note: other original syntype locality: Brazil: Amazonas, Manaus (E.A. Göldi), excluded from type-series by Longino, 1989: 5.]
    • Type-depository: MHNG (lectotype).
    • Forel, 1908c: 387 (q.m.).
    • Subspecies of alfari: Forel, 1912h: 51; Emery, 1913a: 31; Stitz, 1913: 212; Borgmeier, 1923: 89; Wheeler, W.M. & Bequaert, 1929: 33; Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 221; Kempf, 1972a: 29.
    • Junior synonym of alfari: Longino, 1989: 5; Brandão, 1991: 329; Shattuck, 1994: 11; Bolton, 1995b: 78; Longino, 2007: 15.
  • curtiscapa. Azteca alfari var. curtiscapa Forel, 1912h: 51 (w.q.) PANAMA, COSTA RICA.
    • Type-material: lectotype queen (by designation of Longino, 1989: 5), paralectotype workers (number not stated).
    • [Note: Shattuck, 1994: 11, cites 3w paralectotypes MHNG.]
    • Type-locality: lectotype Costa Rica: (no further data) (received from Emery); paralectotypes with same data.
    • [Notes (i): other original syntype locality: Panama: (no further data) (Christophersen) (invalid restriction of type-locality by Kempf, 1972a: 29; no lectotype designated); (ii) Panama specimens excluded from type-series by Longino, 1989: 5.]
    • Type-depository: MHNG.
    • Subspecies of alfari: Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 217; Kempf, 1972a: 29.
    • Junior synonym of alfari: Longino, 1989: 5; Brandão, 1991: 329; Shattuck, 1994: 11; Bolton, 1995b: 78; Longino, 2007: 15.
  • fumaticeps. Azteca alfaroi var. fumaticeps Forel, 1909a: 250 (w.) MEXICO (Chihuahua).
    • Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
    • [Note: Shattuck, 1994: 11, cites 6w syntypes MHNG.]
    • Type-locality: Mexico: Buenaventura (Ross).
    • Type-depository: MHNG.
    • Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 218 (q.).
    • Subspecies of alfari: Emery, 1913a: 31; Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 218; Kempf, 1972a: 29.
    • Junior synonym of alfari: Longino, 1989: 5; Brandão, 1991: 329; Shattuck, 1994: 11; Bolton, 1995b: 78; Longino, 2007: 15.
  • langi. Azteca alfari var. langi Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 218 (w.q.m.) GUYANA.
    • Type-material: syntype workers, syntype queens, syntype males (numbers not stated).
    • [Note: Shattuck, 1994: 12, cites 8w, 2q, 6m syntypes MCZC.]
    • Type-locality: Guyana (“British Guiana”): Kamakusa (H.O. Lang).
    • Type-depository: MCZC.
    • Subspecies of alfari: Kempf, 1972a: 29.
    • Junior synonym of alfari: Longino, 1989: 7; Brandão, 1991: 329; Shattuck, 1994: 12; Bolton, 1995b: 79; Longino, 2007: 15.
  • lucidula. Azteca alfaroi r. lucidula Forel, 1899c: 113 (w.q.m.) GUATEMALA, TRINIDAD.
    • Type-material: lectotype queen (by designation of Longino, 1989: 5), paralectotype workers, paralectotype queens, paralectotype males (numbers ot stated).
    • [Note: Shattuck, 1994: 11, cites 2w, 1q, 8m paralectotypes.]
    • Type-locality: lectotype Trinidad: (no further data) (F.W. Urich); paralectotypes with same data.
    • [Notes (i): other original syntype locality: Guatemala: Retalhuleu (O. Stoll) (invalid restriction of type-locality by Kempf, 1972a: 29; no lectotype designated);(ii) Retalhuleu specimens excluded from type-series by Longino, 1989: 5.]
    • Type-depository: MHNG.
    • Status as species: Forel, 1912h: 51; Borgmeier, 1923: 94.
    • Subspecies of alfari: Forel, 1901e: 367; Forel, 1901h: 65; Wheeler, W.M. 1905b: 131; Emery, 1913a: 31; Wheeler, W.M. 1922c: 14; Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 222; Kempf, 1972a; 29.
    • Junior synonym of alfari: Longino, 1989: 5; Brandão, 1991: 329; Shattuck, 1994: 11; Bolton, 1995b: 79; Longino, 2007: 15.
  • lynchi. Azteca lynchi Brèthes, 1914a: 93 (w.) BOLIVIA.
    • Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
    • Type-locality: Bolivia: (no further data) (E. Lynch Arribálzaga).
    • Type-depository: unknown.
    • Subspecies of alfari: Bruch, 1915: 534; Kempf, 1972a: 29.
    • Junior synonym of alfari: Longino, 1989: 5; Brandão, 1991: 329; Shattuck, 1994: 11; Bolton, 1995b: 79; Longino, 2007: 15.
  • mixta. Azteca alfari var. mixta Forel, 1908c: 386 (w.q.m.) PARAGUAY, BRAZIL (São Paulo).
    • Type-material: lectotype worker (by designation of Longino, 1989: 6), paralectotype workers, paralectotype queens, paralectotype males (numbers not stated).
    • Type-locality: lectotype Paraguay: San Bernardino (K.A.G. Fiebrig), paralectotypes with same data.
    • [Notes (i): Baroni Urbani, 1977e: 80, cites 1w, 1q syntypes NHMB; (ii): Shattuck, 1994: 11, cites 16w, 6q, 5m paralectotypes MHNG; (iii) other original syntype locality: Brazil: São Paulo (H. von Ihering) (invalid restriction of type-locality by Kempf, 1972a: 29; no lectotype designated); (ii) Brazil specimens excluded from type-series by Longino, 1989: 7.]
    • Type-depository: MHNG.
    • Subspecies of alfari: Emery, 1913a: 31; Borgmeier, 1923: 89; Wheeler, W.M. & Bequaert, 1929: 33; Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 219; Kempf, 1972a: 29.
    • Junior synonym of alfari: Longino, 1989: 5; Brandão, 1991: 329; Shattuck, 1994: 11; Bolton, 1995b: 79; Longino, 2007: 15.
  • virens. Azteca virens Forel, 1899c: 115 (footnote) (w.) BRAZIL (Pará).
    • Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
    • [Notes (i): Baroni Urbani, 1977e: 80, cites 1w syntype NHMB; (ii) Shattuck, 1994: 11, cites 16w syntypes (3 MCZC, 12 MHNG, 1 NHMB).]
    • Type-locality: Brazil: Pará (E.A. Göldi).
    • Type-depositories: MCZC, MHNG, NHMB.
    • Status as species: Emery, 1913a: 35; Borgmeier, 1923: 98; Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 247; Kempf, 1972a: 36.
    • Junior synonym of alfari: Longino, 1989: 5; Brandão, 1991: 329; Shattuck, 1994: 11; Bolton, 1995b: 80; Longino, 2007: 15.

Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.

Description

Worker

Longino (2007) - (n=13): HLA 0.99 (0.80–1.24), HW 0.88 (0.72–1.07), SL 0.60 (0.53–0.72), CI 91 (86–94), SI 62 (58–69).

Palpal formula 5,3; middle and hind tibia with prominent pectinate apical spur; dorsal surface of mandible largely smooth, with sparse small piligerous puncta, setae in puncta short, larger puncta with long setae near masticatory margin; medial and lateral clypeal lobes at about same level, medial lobe at most weakly projecting beyond lateral lobes; head with convex sides, strongly cordate posterior margin; mesosoma in lateral profile with promesonotum forming a continuous convexity or mesonotum somewhat elevated above pronotum; posterior mesonotum drops gradually to narrow metanotal groove such that posterior mesonotum, metanotal groove, and dorsal face of propodeum form a broad, shallow V (dorsal face of propodeum and broad metanotal groove do not form flat, step-like junction with posterior mesonotum); scape and tibia lacking setae, sides of head lacking setae, posterior margin of head with sparse to abundant erect setae, pronotum, mesonotum, and dorsal face of propodeum with conspicuous erect setae, mesonotum usually with about 8 erect setae of relatively uniform length (range 2–17; contrast with A. ovaticeps); color brown to yellow.

Queen

Longino (2007) - (n=21): HLA 1.62 (1.51–1.69), HW 1.32 (1.26–1.43), SL 0.76 (0.71–0.85), CI 83 (80–86), SI 47 (45–51).

Palpal formula 5,3; middle and hind tibia with prominent pectinate apical spur; dorsal surface of mandible largely smooth, with sparse small piligerous puncta, setae in puncta short, larger puncta with long setae near masticatory margin; medial and lateral clypeal lobes at about same level (medial lobe not projecting anteriorly); head weakly quadrate; petiolar node acute, triangular, neither strongly flattened nor bluntly rounded; posteroventral petiolar lobe well-developed, evenly convex; scape and tibia lacking setae, sides of head lacking setae, posterior margin of head with abundant curved setae, pronotum with posterior row of curved setae, mesoscutum with sparse setae, scutellum and propodeum with more abundant setae, petiolar node with cluster of erect setae, third abdominal tergum with abundant erect setae, fourth and fifth abdominal terga with 0–6 erect setae exclusive of posterior row; color light red brown to black.

Type Material

Longino (2007) - Lectotype worker: Jiménez, Atlantic slope, Costa Rica (Alfaro) Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genoa (examined).

References

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

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