Tetraponera attenuata

Tetraponera attenuata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Pseudomyrmecinae
Genus:	Tetraponera
Species:	T. attenuata
Binomial name
Tetraponera attenuata Smith, F., 1877 Specimen Labels
Synonyms
Sima attenuata tenuissima Emery, 1900 Sima attenuata thagatensis Forel, 1902 Sima birmana Forel, 1902

Common Name
Oo-nagafushi-ari
Language:	Japanese

Tetraponera attenuata is distributed widely in Asia, ranging from northeast India, through continental and insular SE Asia to southern China, Taiwan and Japan. Specimens occur in lowland rainforest, primary rainforest, primary dipterocarp forest, lower montane mixed dipterocarp forest, hilltop dipterocarp forest, second-growth forest and (male only) mangrove. There are a few colony series from dead twigs or dead branches, indicating that this species has generalist nesting habits (Ward, 2001). Heterick & Kitching (2022) collected this species in the canopy of a lowland dipterocarp forest in Brunei.

Identification

Ward (2001) - This species can be recognised by the broad head, elongate petiole, and dense covering of suberect pubescence and standing pilosity on most of the body. Workers from northern populations of T. attenuata tend to have more widely separated frontal carinae, smaller eyes, a shorter petiole and a longer metabasitarsal sulcus. But the relevant indices (FCI, REL, REL2, PLI and PWI) overlap substantially, and the variation appears to be clinal in nature. Queens of T. attenuata show comparable geographical variation in the same features. In addition, the queens vary in the shape of the clypeus (anterolateral teeth variably developed, occasionally absent) and the size of the malar pit (varying from well developed to absent), but variation in these latter traits does not show a clear-cut geographical pattern.

Keys including this Species

• Key to Tetraponera males of the Oriental and Australian regions
• Key to Tetraponera of China
• Key to Tetraponera of India
• Key to Tetraponera of the Oriental and Australian regions
• Key to Tetraponera queens of the Oriental and Australian regions

Distribution

Ward (2001) - Tetraponera attenuata ranges from northeast India to southern China, south to Sumatra, Java, and Borneo. The only Philippines records come from Palawan. A single dealate queen has also been taken on Okinawa in Japan.

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 27.48333333° to -6.966666667°.

North Temperate	North Subtropical	Tropical	South Subtropical	South Temperate

• Source: AntMaps

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Indo-Australian Region: Borneo (type locality), Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore.
Oriental Region: Cambodia, India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam.
Palaearctic Region: China, Japan.

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.

Biology

Association with Other Organisms

 Explore: Show all Associate data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.

• This species is a host for the fungus Ophiocordyceps irangiensis (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).

Castes

• 

  Liu, C. et al. 2020. Ants of the Hengduan Mountains, Figure 135, Tetraponera attenuata.

Worker

.	Owned by Museum of Comparative Zoology.

Images from AntWeb

Holotype of Tetraponera attenuata. Worker. Specimen code casent0902828. Photographer Will Ericson, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by NHMUK, London, UK.

Syntype of Sima attenuata tenuissima. Worker. Specimen code casent0905747. Photographer Will Ericson, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by MSNG, Genoa, Italy.

Queen

Images from AntWeb

Queen (alate/dealate). Specimen code casent0217587. Photographer Estella Ortega, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Syntype of Sima birmana. Queen (alate/dealate). Specimen code casent0907459. Photographer Will Ericson, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by MHNG, Geneva, Switzerland.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

• attenuata. Tetraponera attenuata Smith, F. 1877b: 71 (w.) BORNEO. Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 144 (q.m.). Combination in Sima: André, 1892b: 53; in Tetraponera: Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 65. Senior synonym of tenuissima: Forel, 1912n: 55; of birmana, thagatensis: Ward, 2001: 622.
• tenuissima. Sima attenuata var. tenuissima Emery, 1900d: 675, fig. 5 (w.q.) INDONESIA (Sumatra). Junior synonym of attenuata: Forel, 1912n: 55.
• birmana. Sima birmana Forel, 1902c: 245 (q.) MYANMAR. Bingham, 1903: 112 (w.). Combination in S. (Tetraponera): Emery, 1921f: 25; in Tetraponera: Chapman & Capco, 1951: 79. Junior synonym of attenuata: Ward, 2001: 622.
• thagatensis. Sima attenuata var. thagatensis Forel, 1902c: 249 (w.) INDIA. Combination in S. (Tetraponera): Emery, 1921f: 27; in Tetraponera: Wheeler, W.M. 1924b: 5; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 82. Junior synonym of attenuata: Bingham, 1903: 112; revived from synonymy as subspecies of nigra: Forel, 1909d: 226; raised to species: Forel, 1912n: 55; returned to junior synonymy of attenuata: Ward, 2001: 622.

Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.

Description

Worker

Ward (2001) - HW 0.97-1.48, HL 1.07-1.67, LHT 0.97-1.47, CI 0.84-0.94, FCI 0.11-0.15, REL 0.29-0.34, REL2 0.32-0.38, SI 0.61-0.76, SI3 1.84-2.11, FI 0.33-0.40, PLI 0.38-0.47, PWI 0.29-0.44, PDI 0.97-1.06, LHT/HW 0.93-1.08, CSC 10-26, MSC 6-44.

Relatively large and slender species, with broad head (CI >0.82); clypeus short, its anteromedial margin varying from broadly convex to straight; anteromedial margin of clypeus joining anterolateral margin in a smooth curve or (less commonly) at a slight angle; frontal carinae moderately well separated, the distance between them exceeding basal scape width; eyes relatively small (see REL and REL2 values), scape length about twice eye length; lateral margins of head rounding broadly into posterior margin; profemur slender; pronotum usually lacking prominent lateral margins; mesopropodeal impression wellmarked, long and open, flanked by low metanotal tubercles that are usually not prominent in profile; propodeum about as high as wide, dorsal face rounding gradually and continously into the declivitous face; legs long relative to head size, LHT/HL 0.84-0.96; petiole somewhat variable in shape but always rather long and slender (PLI <0.48), often markedly so, and with a well differentiated anterior peduncle and node; petiole more than twice as long as broad; postpetiole 1.1-1.4x longer than broad; metabasitarsal sulcus lying in a darkened patch of cuticle subtended by a raised ridge, occupying about 0.15-0.30 the length of the basitarsus. Integument with numerous fine punctures, the interspaces (sub)lucid and smooth or weakly reticulate; punctures on dorsum of head and mesosoma mostly 0.005-0.015 mm in diameter (pronotal punctures sometimes larger) and separated by one to several diameters; punctures on side of mesosoma finer, less conspicuous; lower malar area with coarse punctures intermixed with irregular longitudinal rugulae. Standing pilosity common (see CSC and MSC values), the hairs up to 0.30-0.35 mm long, and tending to grade into shorter suberect and decumbent pubescence which forms a dense cover on most of the body, including the mesosoma dorsum and petiole. Black to dark brownish-black, scape and first several funicular segments often lighter (medium to yellowish-brown).

Type Material

Ward (2001) - Syntype (unique?), worker, Sarawak (labeled 'Sar.'), Malaysia (The Natural History Museum).

References

• Ward, P. S. 2001. Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the ant genus Tetraponera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Oriental and Australian regions. Invertebrate Taxonomy. 15:589-665. (page 622, Senior synonym of birmana and thagatensis)
• André, E. 1892c. Voyage de M. Chaper à Bornéo. Catalogue des fourmis et description des espèces nouvelles. Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. 5: 46-55 (page 53, Combination in Sima)
• Baltazar, C.R. 1966. A catalogue of Philippine Hymenoptera (with a bibliography, 1758-1963). Pacific Insects Monographs 8: 1-488. (page 248, listed)
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• Forel, A. 1912o. Einige neue und interessante Ameisenformen aus Sumatra etc. Zool. Jahrb. Suppl. 15("Erster Ba Band: 51-78 (page 55, Senior synonym of tenuissima)
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• Smith, F. 1877b. Descriptions of new species of the genera Pseudomyrma and Tetraponera, belonging to the family Myrmicidae. Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 1877: 57-72 (page 71, worker described)
• Wang, W.Y., Soh, E.J.Y., Yong, G.W.J., Wong, M.K.L., Benoit Guénard, Economo, E.P., Yamane, S. 2022. Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology 15: e015006 (doi:10.20362/am.015006).
• Wheeler, W. M. 1919f. The ants of Borneo. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 63: 43-147 (page 144, queen, male described; page 65, Combination in Tetraponera)

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