Strumigenys doriae

Strumigenys doriae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Myrmicinae
Tribe:	Attini
Genus:	Strumigenys
Species:	S. doriae
Binomial name
	Strumigenys doriae; Emery, 1887 Specimen Labels Strumigenys doriae group
Synonyms
	Strumigenys ulcerosa Brown, 1954;

Known from savanna and rainforest litter samples.

Identification

Bolton (2000) - A member of the doriae complex in the Strumigenys doriae-group. The three species of the magnifica complex (Strumigenys gloriosa, Strumigenys magnifica, Strumigenys superba), as well as having the mandibular apex as described above, are also the most luxuriantly hairy in the group, their main pilosity being much longer and more widely distributed than elsewhere. In species of the doriae-complex the pilosity, although about as dense as in the magnifica-complex, is nowhere near as long.

Within the doriae-complex two species, Strumigenys bryanti and Strumigenys hekate, have the lateral spongiform lobe of the petiole node relatively small. In profile or in dorsal view the lobe is more or less restricted to the posterior portion of the side of the node. In all other species the lobe is long, extending as far forward as the spiracle on the peduncle.

The final two species, Strumigenys doriae and Strumigenys mirifica, combine both narrow apical fork and long lateral petiolar lobe. They are easily separated as the latter has a small but distinct triangular preapical tooth on each mandible and lacks erect hairs on the anterior half of the cephalic dorsum.

Keys including this Species

Key to Strumigenys of East Asia

Distribution

A widespread species in the Oriental realm. In addition to the previous records in the north-eastern provinces of Thailand, we now report its presence in the central province of Phetchaburi. Its presence in Laos is likely (Tang & Guenard, 2023).

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 4.95° to -3.7°.


North Temperate	North Subtropical	Tropical	South Subtropical	South Temperate

Source: AntMaps

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Indo-Australian Region: Borneo, Indonesia (type locality), Malaysia, Philippines.
Oriental Region: Thailand.
Palaearctic Region: China.

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.

Biology

Explore Overview of Strumigenys biology

Strumigenys were once thought to be rare. The development and increased use of litter sampling methods has led to the discovery of a tremendous diversity of species. Many species are specialized predators (e.g. see Strumigenys membranifera and Strumigenys louisianae). Collembola (springtails) and other tiny soil arthropods are typically favored prey. Species with long linear mandibles employ trap-jaws to sieze their stalked prey (see Dacetine trap-jaws). Larvae feed directly on insect prey brought to them by workers. Trophallaxis is rarely practiced. Most species live in the soil, leaf litter, decaying wood or opportunistically move into inhabitable cavities on or under the soil. Colonies are small, typically less than 100 individuals but in some species many hundreds. Moist warm habitats and micro-habitats are preferred. A few better known tramp and otherwise widely ranging species tolerate drier conditions. Foraging is often in the leaf litter and humus. Workers of many species rarely venture above ground or into exposed, open areas. Individuals are typically small, slow moving and cryptic in coloration. When disturbed individuals freeze and remain motionless. Males are not known for a large majority of species.

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Castes

Worker

Images from AntWeb


Holotype of Strumigenys doriae. Worker. Specimen code casent0905784. Photographer Will Ericson, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by MSNG, Genoa, Italy.

Queen

Images from AntWeb


Queen (alate/dealate). Specimen code casent0217949. Photographer Estella Ortega, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

doriae. Strumigenys doriae Emery, 1887b: 469, pl. 2, fig. 22 (w.) INDONESIA (Ambon I.). Imai, Kubota, et al. 1985: 47 (k.). Senior synonym of ulcerosa: Bolton, 2000: 774. See also: Brown, 1954f: 166.
ulcerosa. Strumigenys ulcerosa Brown, 1954f: 162 (w.) INDONESIA (Sumba I.). Junior synonym of doriae: Bolton, 2000: 774.

Type Material

Holotype, worker, Ambon Island, Indonesia, Beccari, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genoa.

Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.

Description

Worker

Bolton (2000) - TL 3.5-3.9, HL 0.94-l.11, HW 0.62-0.77, CI 66-74, ML 0.48-0.58, MI 49-54, SL 0.56-0.70, SI 86-97, PW 0.34-0.42, AL 0.96-l.14 (12 measured).

Mandible without trace of preapical dentition. In anterior view apical fork of mandible forming a V-shape or very narrow-based U-shape. Propodeal teeth usually invisible in profile, either fully embedded in, or replaced by, spongiform tissue. Lateral spongiform lobe of petiole long, tapering anteriorly in dorsal view or in profile, but extending forward to the level of the spiracle on the peduncle. Postpetiole finely and densely reticulate-punctate.

Dorsolateral margin of head with 5 or more long fine hairs and a number of shorter simple hairs that freely project laterally; apicoscrobal hair usually slightly longer than any of the other main projecting hairs, its length about 0.50 X SL. With head in profile the longest erect hairs that arise from the dorsum in front of the highest point of the vertex are shorter than the longest hairs that arise between the highest point and the occipital margin; the longest of these is shorter than the maximum depth of the head capsule. Longest hairs on first gastral tergite shorter than length of tergite from base of limbus to apex and usually less than the maximum depth of the first gastral segment in profile.

Karyotype

2n = 22 (Indonesia) (Imai et al., 1985).

References

Bolton, B. 2000. The ant tribe Dacetini. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. 65:1-1028. (page 774, fig. 506 redescription of worker)
Brown, W. L., Jr. 1954f [1953]. The Indo-Australian species of the ant genus Strumigenys Fr. Smith: group of doriae Emery. Psyche (Camb.) 60: 160-166 (page 166, review of species)
Emery, C. 1887h. Catalogo delle formiche esistenti nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Parte terza. Formiche della regione Indo-Malese e dell'Australia (continuazione e fine). [concl.]. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. 25[=(2)(5): 465-473 (page 469, pl. 2, fig. 22 worker described)
General, D.E.M. 2021. A preliminary checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Mt. Pantaron Range, Bukidnon Province, Mindanao Island, Philippines. Halteres, 12:4-14 (doi:10.5281/ZENODO.5371745).
Imai, H. T.; Kubota, M.; Brown, W. L., Jr.; Ihara, M.; Tohari, M.; Pranata, R. I. 1985. Chromosome observations on tropical ants from Indonesia. Annu. Rep. Natl. Inst. Genet. Jpn. 35: 46-48 (page 47, karyotype described)
Khachonpisitsak, S., Yamane, S., Sriwichai, P., Jaitrong, W. 2020. An updated checklist of the ants of Thailand (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 998, 1–182 (doi:10.3897/zookeys.998.54902).
Latumahina, F., Borovanska, M., Musyafa, Sumardi, Susetya Putra, N., Janda, M. 2015. Ants of Ambon Island – diversity survey and checklist. ZooKeys 472, 43–57 (doi:10.3897/zookeys.472.8441).
Musfira, S.H., Rafi, M., Gusti, M., Putri, D.H., Satria, R. 2022. New data on the genus Strumigenys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Sumatra. Zoosystematica Rossica 31(1): 74–86 (doi:10.31610/zsr/2022.31.1.74).
Philpott, S.M., Bichier, P., Rice, R.A., Greenberg, R. 2008. Biodiversity conservation, yield, and alternative products in coffee agroecosystems in Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversity and Conservation, 17: 1805–1820 (doi:10.1007/s10531-007-9267-2).
Tang, K. L., Guénard, B. 2023. Further additions to the knowledge of Strumigenys (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) within South East Asia, with the descriptions of 20 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 907, 1–144 (doi:10.5852/ejt.2023.907.2327).

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

Bolton, B. 2000. The Ant Tribe Dacetini. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 65
Brown W. L., Jr. 1954. The Indo-Australian species of the ant genus Strumigenys Fr. Smith: group of doriae Emery. Psyche (Camb.) 60: 160-166.
Chapman, J. W., and Capco, S. R. 1951. Check list of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Asia. Monogr. Inst. Sci. Technol. Manila 1: 1-327
Emery C. 1887. Catalogo delle formiche esistenti nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Parte terza. Formiche della regione Indo-Malese e dell'Australia (continuazione e fine). [concl.]. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. 25(5): 427-473.
Emery, C. "Catalogo delle formiche esistenti nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Parte terza. Formiche della regione Indo-Malese e dell'Australia (continuazione e fine)." Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria (Genova) (2) 5, no. 25 (1887): 427-473.
Fontanilla A. M., A. Nakamura, Z. Xu, M. Cao, R. L. Kitching, Y. Tang, and C. J. Burwell. 2019. Taxonomic and functional ant diversity along tropical, subtropical, and subalpine elevational transects in southwest China. Insects 10, 128; doi:10.3390/insects10050128
Imai H. T., M. Kubota, W. L. Brown, Jr., M. Ihara, M. Tohari, and R. I. Pranata. 1985. Chromosome observations on tropical ants from Indonesia. Annu. Rep. Natl. Inst. Genet. Jpn. 35: 46-48.
Latumahina F., M. Borovanska, N. S. Putra, and M. Janda. 2015. Ants of Ambon Island diversity survey and checklist. ZooKeys 472: 4357.
Pfeiffer M., and D. Mezger. 2012. Biodiversity Assessment in Incomplete Inventories: Leaf Litter Ant Communities in Several Types of Bornean Rain Forest. PLoS ONE 7(7): e40729. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040908
Pfeiffer M.; Mezger, D.; Hosoishi, S.; Bakhtiar, E. Y.; Kohout, R. J. 2011. The Formicidae of Borneo (Insecta: Hymenoptera): a preliminary species list. Asian Myrmecology 4:9-58
Philpott S.M., P. Bichier, R.A. Rice, and R. Greenberg. 2008. Biodiversity conservation, yield, and alternative products in coffee agroecosystems in Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodivers. Conserv. 17: 1805-1820. Data obtained from Stacy Philpott
Viehmeyer H. 1912. Ameisen aus Deutsch Neuguinea gesammelt von Dr. O. Schlaginhaufen. Nebst einem Verzeichnisse der papuanischen Arten. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologische-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 14: 1-26.