Pachycondyla solitaria
Pachycondyla solitaria | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Hymenoptera |
Family: | Formicidae |
Subfamily: | Ponerinae |
Tribe: | Ponerini |
Genus: | Pachycondyla |
Species: | P. solitaria |
Binomial name | |
Pachycondyla solitaria (Smith, F., 1860) |
Schmith & Shattuck (2014), during their revision of the subfamily Ponerinae, were unable to determine the proper generic placement of this taxon. They left it assigned to Pachycondyla but noted that this placement is undoubtedly incorrect. Exact placement will require detailed examination of relevant material of this taxa.
Identification
Distribution
Latitudinal Distribution Pattern
Latitudinal Range: -0.616667° to -0.616667°.
North Temperate |
North Subtropical |
Tropical | South Subtropical |
South Temperate |
- Source: AntMaps
Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Indo-Australian Region: Indonesia (type locality).
Palaearctic Region: China.
Distribution based on AntMaps
Distribution based on AntWeb specimens
Check data from AntWeb
Countries Occupied
Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species. |
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Estimated Abundance
Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species. |
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Biology
Castes
Images from AntWeb
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Holotype of Pachycondyla solitaria. Male (alate). Specimen code casent0901366. Photographer Will Ericson, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. | Owned by OUM, Oxford, UK. |
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- solitaria. Ponera solitaria Smith, F. 1860b: 103 (m.) INDONESIA (Bacan I.).
- Type-material: holotype male.
- Type-locality: Indonesia: Bachian (= Bacan I.), “Bac.” (A.R. Wallace).
- Type-depository: OXUM.
- Combination in Pachycondyla (Bothroponera): Donisthorpe, 1932c: 461;
- combination in Bothroponera: Wilson, 1958d: 362; Joma & Mackay, 2013: 2;
- combination in Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1995b: 309;
- incertae sedis in Pachycondyla: Schmidt, C.A. & Shattuck, 2014: 155.
- [Note: true generic combination equivocal; certainly not Pachycondyla, probably not Bothroponera; perhaps Pseudoneoponera.]
- Status as species: Mayr, 1863: 450; Smith, F. 1871a: 323; Dalla Torre, 1893: 42; Emery, 1911d: 116; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 72; Wilson, 1958d: 362; Bolton, 1995b: 303.
- Distribution: Indonesia (Bacan).
The following notes on F. Smith type specimens have been provided by Barry Bolton (details):
Holotype male in Oxford University Museum of Natural History. Labelled “Bac” (= Batjan I.) and with a Donisthorpe type-label. The head of the holotype is glued separately onto the stage card.
Description
References
- Brown, W. L., Jr. 1958h. A review of the ants of New Zealand. Acta Hymenopterol. 1: 1-50 (page 22, Senior synonym of chinensis and hence the latter the first available replacement name.)
- Brown, W. L., Jr. 1995a. [Untitled. Taxonomic changes in Pachycondyla attributed to Brown.] Pp. 302-311 in: Bolton, B. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 504 pp. (page 309, combination in Pachycondyla)
- Donisthorpe, H. 1932c. On the identity of Smith's types of Formicidae (Hymenoptera) collected by Alfred Russell Wallace in the Malay Archipelago, with descriptions of two new species. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 10(10): 441-476 (page 461, Combination in Pachycondyla)
- Emery, C. 1901b. Notes sur les sous-familles des Dorylines et Ponérines (Famille des Formicides). Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 45: 32-54 (page 47, Combination in Euponera (Brachyponera))
- Forel, A. 1900h. Fourmis du Japon. Nids en toile. Strongylognathus Huberi et voisins. Fourmilière triple. Cyphomymrex Wheeleri. Fourmis importées. Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 10: 267-287 (page 267, queen described)
- Marcineiro, F.S.R., Lattke, J.E. 2024. Review of ant genus Pachycondyla Smith, 1858 in Brazil (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 54611, 1–62 (doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5461.1.1).
- Schmidt, C.A. & Shattuck, S.O. 2014. The higher classification of the ant subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a review of ponerine ecology and behavior. Zootaxa 3817, 1–242 (doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1).
- Smith, F. 1860b. Catalogue of hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace in the islands of Bachian, Kaisaa, Amboyna, Gilolo, and at Dory in New Guinea. J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. 5(17b)(suppl. to vol. 4 4: 93-143 (page 103, male described)
- Smith, F. 1874b. Descriptions of new species of Tenthredinidae, Ichneumonidae, Chrysididae, Formicidae, &c. of Japan. Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 1874: 373-409 (page 404, worker described)
- Wilson, E. O. 1958g. Studies on the ant fauna of Melanesia III. Rhytidoponera in western Melanesia and the Moluccas. IV. The tribe Ponerini. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 119: 303-371 (page 362, Combination in Bothroponera)
References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics
- Emery C. 1911. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Ponerinae. Genera Insectorum 118: 1-125.
- Smith, Fr. "Catalogue of hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace in the Islands of Bachian, Kaisaa, Amboyna, Gilolo, and at Dory in New Guinea." Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 5 (1860): 93-143.
- Wilson E. O. 1958. Studies on the ant fauna of Melanesia III. Rhytidoponera in western Melanesia and the Moluccas. IV. The tribe Ponerini. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 119: 303-371.