Chronoxenus butteli

Chronoxenus butteli
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Dolichoderinae
Genus:	Chronoxenus
Species:	C. butteli
Binomial name
Chronoxenus butteli (Forel, 1913) Specimen Labels

Turneria butteli Forel was transferred to Chronoxenus by Heterick and Shattuck (2011). This taxon had previously been placed in Iridomyrmex (Shattuck, 1990). However, the broadly arcuate anterior clypeal margin and the narrow mandible with reduced dentition exclude it from Iridomyrmex. Although the queen is dealated, her appearance is consistent with subtribe Bothriomyrmecina (sensu Dubovikoff, 2005). As the wings are not present and the palps are not visible, the important diagnostic characters for separating the members of the Bothriomyrmecina cannot be used in this case. Given the provenance of the specimen (Sumatra), the ant is unlikely to belong to Arnoldius, Bothriomyrmex or Nebothriomyrmex, although a conclusion cannot be reached for Loweriella, for which the queen is unknown. However, the balance of probabilities is with Chronoxenus—the queen in this instance is very similar morphologically to the holotype queen of Chronoxenus wroughtonii javanus Forel—and the holotype specimen of I. butteli is provisionally placed in that genus.

Distribution

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Indo-Australian Region: Indonesia (type locality).

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

• butteli. Turneria butteli Forel, 1913k: 92 (q.) INDONESIA (Sumatra). Combination in Iridomyrmex: Shattuck, 1990: 105; in Chronoxenus: Heterick & Shattuck, 2011: 166.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

• Chapman, J. W., and Capco, S. R. 1951. Check list of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Asia. Monogr. Inst. Sci. Technol. Manila 1: 1-327
• Forel A. 1913k. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise nach Ostindien ausgeführt im Auftrage der Kgl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin von H. v. Buttel-Reepen. II. Ameisen aus Sumatra, Java, Malacca und Ceylon. Gesammelt von Herrn Prof. Dr. v. Buttel-Reepen in den Jahren 1911-1912. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 36:1-148.
• Heterick B. E., and S. Shattuck. 2011. Revision of the ant genus Iridomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 2845: 1-174.
• Shattuck S. O. 1994. Taxonomic catalog of the ant subfamilies Aneuretinae and Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). University of California Publications in Entomology 112: i-xix, 1-241.