Camponotus nigriceps

Camponotus nigriceps
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Formicinae
Tribe:	Camponotini
Genus:	Camponotus
Species:	C. nigriceps
Binomial name
Camponotus nigriceps (Smith, F., 1858) Specimen Labels
Synonyms
Camponotus consobrinus perthianus Wheeler, W.M., 1933

Very large, widespread species that is common in the Darling Range. Nests in the Darling Range are often found in compacted laterite clay around the boles of trees, but are also made directly into soil. Their distribution likely includes all Australian states, although McArthur and Adams (1996) did not record it for the NT. (Heterick 2009)

Photo Gallery

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  Camponotus nigriceps minor worker found near Mount Magnet, Western Australia. Photo by Farhan Bokhari, 28 September 2011.

Identification

A member of the Camponotus nigriceps species group. McArthur and Adams (1996) - In populations of C. nigriceps the gaster colour varies from black through browns to yellowish brown and the mesosoma varies from red-browns to yellow. The number of long setae on the propodeum varies from 20 to 100 (Fig. 27a-d). Populations resembling C. nigriceps perthiana have black gaster and reddish mesosoma with about 40-100 long setae on propodeum. Other populations possess similar pilosity but because of their lighter colour do not fit Forel's description of perthiana.

Because some populations of C. nigriceps resemble Camponotus loweryi and Camponotus eastwoodi in colour and pilosity, identification in these cases is only possible by examining minor workers thus: (i) erect setae on gula cover> 50% gula area in C. nigriceps; < 50% in C. eastwoodi; gula setae absent in all castes of C. loweryi and (ii) head sides of smallest minors in dorsal view taper to the rear in C. eastwoodi; C. loweryi and C. nignceps parallel, and rounded in larger minor and medium workers.

Heterick (2009) - The distribution of erect and sub-erect setae on the propodeum distinguishes C. nigriceps from the similar Camponotus dryandrae; setae being continuous along the propodeal dorsum in C. nigriceps, and concentrated near the propodeal angle in C. dryandrae.

Camponotus clarior strongly resembles C. nigriceps, but the former have workers with a pale coloured head, concolorous with the mesosoma and node.

Keys including this Species

• Key to Australian Camponotus species
• Key to Australian Camponotus majors of the southwestern Botanical Province
• Key to Australian Camponotus minors of the southwestern Botanical Province

Distribution

The known distribution covers most of Australia excluding the Northern Territory and north Western Australia. It extends into north Queensland but the paucity of specimens available for examination points to the need for more collection and study.

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: -23° to -36.18805°.

North Temperate	North Subtropical	Tropical	South Subtropical	South Temperate

• Source: AntMaps

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Australasian Region: Australia (type locality).

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.

Castes

Worker

Images from AntWeb

Worker. Specimen code casent0172137. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by ANIC, Canberra, Australia.

Worker. Specimen code casent0280197. Photographer Will Ericson, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by PSWC, Philip S. Ward Collection.

Worker. Specimen code casent0280198. Photographer Will Ericson, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by PSWC, Philip S. Ward Collection.

Holotype of Camponotus nigriceps. Worker (major/soldier). Specimen code casent0903532. Photographer Z. Lieberman, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by NHMUK, London, UK.

Syntype of Camponotus nigriceps lividipes. Worker (major/soldier). Specimen code casent0905234. Photographer Will Ericson, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by MSNG, Genoa, Italy.

Type of unavailable quadrinomial: Camponotus nigriceps dimidiatus perthianus. Worker (major/soldier). Specimen code casent0910309. Photographer Will Ericson, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by MHNG, Geneva, Switzerland.

Type of unavailable quadrinomial: Camponotus nigriceps dimidiatus perthianus. Worker. Specimen code casent0910310. Photographer Will Ericson, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by MHNG, Geneva, Switzerland.

Syntype of Camponotus nigriceps lividipes. Worker. Specimen code casent0905235. Photographer Will Ericson, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by MSNG, Genoa, Italy.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

• nigriceps. Formica nigriceps Smith, F. 1858b: 38 (w.) AUSTRALIA (no state data).
  • Type-material: holotype worker.
  • Type-locality: Australia: (no further data).
  • Type-depository: BMNH.
  • Mayr, 1876: 63 (m.); Forel, 1879a: 75 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1974a: 61 (l.).
  • Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 4;
  • combination in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1913g: 191;
  • combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 103.
  • Subspecies of consobrinus: Wheeler, W.M. 1933b: 23.
  • Status as species: Mayr, 1863: 418; Roger, 1863b: 4; Mayr, 1876: 59 (in key); Forel, 1879a: 75; Mayr, 1886c: 355; Emery, 1887a: 211; Dalla Torre, 1893: 244; Emery, 1896d: 372 (in list); Forel, 1902h: 505; Forel, 1907h: 301; Wheeler, W.M. 1909a: 29; Stitz, 1911a: 372; Forel, 1913g: 191; Emery, 1914b: 180; Forel, 1915b: 97; Emery, 1925b: 103. Clark, 1934c: 71; Stitz, 1938: 115; Taylor & Brown, 1985: 117; Taylor, 1987a: 14; Bolton, 1995b: 113; McArthur & Adams, 1996: 35; McArthur, 2007a: 308; Heterick, 2009: 63; McArthur, 2010: 34; McArthur, 2014: 90.
  • Senior synonym of perthianus: McArthur & Adams, 1996: 35; McArthur, 2007a: 294; McArthur, 2010: 34.
  • Distribution: Australia.
• perthianus. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) consobrinus var. perthianus Wheeler, W.M. 1933b: 23.
  • [First available use of Camponotus (Myrmoturba) nigriceps r. dimidiatus var. perthiana Forel, 1915b: 97 (s.w.) AUSTRALIA (Western Australia); unavailable (infrasubspecific) name (Taylor, 1986: 34).]
  • Type-material: syntype major and minor workers (numbers not stated).
  • [Note: McArthur & Adams, 1996: 35, cite 16w syntypes, as “4 types, 12 cotypes” MHNG.]
  • Type-localities: Australia: Western Australia, Perth (E. Mjöberg), Australia: Queensland, Christmas Creek (E. Mjöberg), Australia: South Australia, Adelaide (E. Mjöberg).
  • Type-depository: MHNG (perhaps also NHRS).
  • Crawley, 1922c: 35 (q.m.).
  • As unavailable (infrasubspecific) name: Crawley, 1922b: 428; Crawley, 1922c: 35; Emery, 1925b: 103.
  • Subspecies of consobrinus: Clark, 1934c: 71; Bolton, 1995b: 117.
  • Junior synonym of nigriceps: McArthur & Adams, 1996: 35; McArthur, 2007a: 294; McArthur, 2010: 34.

Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.

Description

Worker

Length 5.5 lines (=11 mm), pale ferruginous with the head black, the face anteriorly and the mandibles ferruginous. The clypeus slightly produced and widely emarginate, or rather notched in front, its extreme anterior margin black; the antennae ferruginous. Thorax rounded in front, and gradually narrowed and compressed towards the metathorax;the scale ovate, its margin rounded; the legs elongate. Abdomen ovate; the insect thinly sprinkled with erect ferruginous hairs.

McArthur and Adams (1996) - Colour: head black or dark brown sometimes with lighter patches, mandibles and anterior clypeus usually darker sometimes lighter, mesosoma and node honey colour or light brown sometimes reddish, coxa and femur lighter, tibia and tarsi reddish brown, gaster black to light brown, sometimes posterior is slightly darker than the anterior. Most of the head never lighter than most of gaster. Pilosity: to 0.3 mm long plentiful on gula, sometimes sparse on sides of head of major workers but always plentiful in minor workers to 0.4 mm plentiful on pronotum and mesonotum and >20 on propodeum (Fig. 27a-d), plentiful on gaster pointing backwards. Short setae on scapes raised 10-50°, short setae on midtibiae 20-40°. Pubescence: a coat of curved raised setae about 0.1 mm long, spaced < length, visible on the dorsum of mesosoma, sparse and more adpressed on head. Integument finely reticulate, head and gaster glossy. Node summit viewed from rear: convex or flat sometimes sharply convex in major workers (Fig. l2c), flat or weakly convex in other workers. Metanotum usually distinct in major workers.

HW = 1.60-4.30 mm; HL = 2.25-4.40 mm; n = 145. TL = 2·70-3.80 mm; n = 21. TL = 2.47 + 1.92 log HW (n =21, r = 0·95, s.e.(y), = 0.10, s.e.(x), = 0.06). PD:D = 1.5 in major workers increasing to 3.0 in minor workers.

Type Material

C. nigriceps: The Natural History Museum, I worker labelled 'Holotype' from Entomology Club Australia (11.620 Series 11.485). HW = 2.0 mm, HL= 3.2 mm, HT = 2.1 mm, TL = 3.1 mm.

• Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) consobrinus perthianus Wheeler, 1933: Syntype, queen(s), Perth, Western Australia, Australia, Musee d'Histoire Naturelle Genève.
• Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) consobrinus perthianus Wheeler, 1933: Syntype, 1 queen, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, Western Australian Museum.
• Formica nigriceps Smith, 1858: Holotype, worker, Australia, Australia, The Natural History Museum.

Etymology

McArthur and Adams (1996) - Nigra (Latin: black), cephal (Greek: head). Smith described a specimen possessing a distinctive black head.

References

• Barlow, M.M., Bicknell, R.D.C., Andrew, N.R. 2019. Cuticular microstructure of Australian ant mandibles confirms common appendage construction. Acta Zoologica 101, 260–270 (doi:10.1111/azo.12291).
• Clark, J. 1934c. Ants from the Otway Ranges. Mem. Natl. Mus. Vic. 8: 48-73 (page 71, Revived status as species)
• Emery, C. 1925d. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Formicinae. Genera Insectorum 183: 1-302 (page 103, Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex))
• Forel, A. 1879a. Études myrmécologiques en 1879 (deuxième partie [1re partie en 1878]). Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 16: 53-128 (page 75, queen, male described)
• Forel, A. 1913h. Fourmis de Tasmanie et d'Australie récoltées par MM. Lae, Froggatt etc. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 49: 173-195 (page 191, Combination in C. (Myrmoturba))
• Heterick, B. E. 2009a. A guide to the ants of South-western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 76: 1-206. Part 1.
• Heterick, B.E. 2021. A guide to the ants of Western Australia. Part I: Systematics. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 86, 1-245 (doi:10.18195/issn.0313-122x.86.2021.001-245).
• Heterick, B.E. 2022. A guide to the ants of Western Australia. Part II: Distribution and biology. Records of the Western Australian Museum, supplement 86: 247-510 (doi:10.18195/issn.0313-122x.86.2022.247-510).
• Mayr, G. 1876. Die australischen Formiciden. J. Mus. Godeffroy 12: 56-115 (page 63, male described)
• McArthur, A. J. and M. Adams. 1996. A morphological and molecular revision of the Camponotus nigriceps group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy. 10:1-46. (page 35, Senior synonym of perthianus)
• Roger, J. 1863b. Verzeichniss der Formiciden-Gattungen und Arten. Berl. Entomol. Z. 7(B Beilage: 1-65 (page 4, Combination in Camponotus)
• Smith, F. 1858b. Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae. London: British Museum, 216 pp. (page 38, worker described)
• Sparks, K. 2015. Australian Monomorium: Systematics and species delimitation with a focus of the M. rothsteini complex. Ph.D. thesis, University of Adelaide.
• Wheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1974a. Ant larvae of the subfamily Formicinae: third supplement. J. Ga. Entomol. Soc. 9: 59-64 (page 61, larva described)
• Wheeler, W. M. 1933b. Mermis parasitism in some Australian and Mexican ants. Psyche (Camb.) 40: 20-31 (page 23, Subspecies of consorbrinus)

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

• Bisevac L., and J. D. Majer. 1999. Comparative study of ant communities of rehabilitated mineral sand mines and heathland, Western Australia. Restoration Ecology 7(2): 117-126.
• Debuse V. J., J. King, and A. P. N. Hous. 2007. Effect of fragmentation, habitat loss and within-patch habitat characteristics on ant assemblages in semi-arid woodlands of eastern Australia. Lanscape Ecology 22: 731-745.
• Emery C. 1914. Formiche d'Australia e di Samoa raccolte dal Prof. Silvestri nel 1913. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della Reale Scuola Superiore d'Agricoltura. Portici 8: 179-186.
• Forel A. 1915. Results of Dr. E. Mjöbergs Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia 1910-13. 2. Ameisen. Ark. Zool. 9(16): 1-119
• Heterick B. E. 2009. A guide to the ants of south-western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 76: 1-206. 
• McArthur A. J., and M. Adams. 1996. A morphological and molecular revision of the Camponotus nigriceps group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Australia. Invertebr. Taxon. 10: 1-46.