Temnothorax punicans

Temnothorax punicans
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Myrmicinae
Tribe:	Crematogastrini
Genus:	Temnothorax
Species group:	sallei
Species:	T. punicans
Binomial name
Temnothorax punicans (Roger, 1863)

It is the largest species in the genus, measuring 7 mm., and was taken by Gundlach on the farallones of Santiago de Cuba and Monte Toro in the mountains of Guantanamo, at the extreme eastern end of the island. (Wheeler 1931)

Identification

Prebus (2017) - A member of the sallei clade.

Similar to Temnothorax poeyi and Temnothorax bermudezi in having an unarmed propodeum and a thoracic dorsum that is distinctly concave in the middle.

Distribution

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 23.133° to 20.030129°.

North Temperate	North Subtropical	Tropical	South Subtropical	South Temperate

• Source: AntMaps

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Neotropical Region: Cuba (type locality), Greater Antilles.

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

• punicans. Macromischa punicans Roger, 1863a: 189 (w.) CUBA. Combination in Aphaenogaster: Emery, 1896a: 103; in Pheidole: Emery, 1915d: 67; in Macromischa: Mann, 1920: 418; in Croesomyrmex: Wheeler, W.M. 1931b: 22; in Leptothorax: Baroni Urbani, 1978b: 484; in Temnothorax: Bolton, 2003: 272.

Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.

Description

Worker

Creighton (in Wheeler 1931) - Head (excluding the mandibles) about 1/8 longer than broad, the sides feebly convex, the occipital angles much rounded, the occiput narrow and flat. Eyes small, circular or subcircular, strongly convex, and situated at the middle of the side of the head. Mandibles with two well developed apical teeth and two or three poorly developed basal teeth. Clypeus moderately projecting, broadly truncate anteriorly with a small median notch in the anterior edge. Frontal carinae narrow and parallel, not diverging behind. Antennal scapes short and stout, barely surpassing the occipital border, only slightly curved at the base, becoming steadily thicker from the base to apex. First funicular joint twice as long as broad, second joint slightly longer than broad, the remaining small joints as broad as long or broader than long, club 3-jointed, the last joint equal in length to the two preceding joints but surpassing them slightly in thickness. Greatest width of the thorax seen from above approximately ½ of the head, the pronotum subcircular, slightly wider than the epinotum and notably wider• than the mesonotum, the latter rather strongly constricted anteriorly, gradually diverging posteriorly. Promesonotal suture absent on the dorsum, obsolete on the sides. Mesoepinotal suture absent. Seen in profile the promesonotum is strongly convex above and much higher than the epinotum to which it descends posteriorly through a steep, straight declivity. Basal face of the epinotum approximately three times as long as the declivity, flat in its anterior two thirds, feebly convex in the posterior third, meeting the short declivity in a rather blunt, though well marked angle. Node of the petiole not marked off from the peduncle, the two in profile forming a low wedge which is rounded above posteriorly. Posterior peduncle short and very thick. Postpetiole in profile larger than the petiolar node, the dorsum feebly convex anteriorly, more strongly convex behind. Seen from above, the node of the petiole is longitudinally oval, of equal length with the peduncle, with a pair of prominent lateral stigmatic tubercles at their point of junction. Postpetiole from above with a rectangular node and a triangular peduncle, the node very little broader than that of the petiole. Abdomen elongate, elliptical. Femora strongly but evenly incrassated.

Mandibles entirely covered with fine and rather regular striae, with a few sparse interspersed punctures. Cephalic striae coarser but even more regular, slightly diverging on the occiput. Median portion of the clypeus longitudinally striate. The entire head shining. The whole thorax granulose and opaque as is also the peduncle of the petiole; the node of the petiole and the postpetiole irregularly rugose and feebly shining. Abdomen smooth and moderately shining with minute piligerous punctures.

Hairs on the head, thorax and petiolar nodes rather sparse, erect, golden. Those on the scapes, funiculi and tarsi shorter, whiter and much more numerous. Abdomen, femora and tibiae with short but somewhat sparse hairs.

Head and thorax clear red, legs reddish brown, antennae and abdomen piceous brown. The whole insect, particularly the antennae and abdomen, with faint violaceous reflections in certain lights.

References

• Baroni Urbani, C. 1978b. Materiali per una revisione dei Leptothorax neotropicali appartenenti al sottogenere Macromischa Roger, n. comb. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomol. Basil. 3: 395-618 (page 484, Combination in Leptothorax)
• Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and Classification of Formicidae. Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. 71: 370pp (page 272, Combination in Temnothorax)
• Emery, C. 1896d. Sur les fourmis du genre Macromischa Rog. (Hym.). Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 1896: 102-103 (page 103, Combination in Aphaenogaster)
• Emery, C. 1915k. Definizione del genere Aphaenogaster e partizione di esso in sottogeneri. Parapheidole e Novomessor nn. gg. Rend. Sess. R. Accad. Sci. Ist. Bologna Cl. Sci. Fis. (n.s.) 19: 67-75 (page 67, Combination in Pheidole)
• Mann, W. M. 1920b. Additions to the ant fauna of the West Indies and Central America. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 42: 403-439 (page 418, Combination in Macromischa)
• Prebus, M. 2017. Insights into the evolution, biogeography and natural history of the acorn ants, genus Temnothorax Mayr (hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bmc Evolutionary Biology. 17:250. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-1095-8 (The doi link to the publication's journal webpage provides access to the 24 files that accompany this article).
• Roger, J. 1863a. Die neu aufgeführten Gattungen und Arten meines Formiciden-Verzeichnisses nebst Ergänzung einiger früher gegebenen Beschreibungen. Berl. Entomol. Z. 7: 131-214 (page 189, worker described)
• Wheeler, W. M. 1931b. New and little-known ants of the genera Macromischa, Creosomyrmex and Antillaemyrmex. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 72: 1-34 (page 22, Combination in Croesomyrmex)

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

• Alayo D. P. 1974. Introduccion al estudio de los Himenopteros de Cuba. Superfamilia Formicoidea. Academia de Ciencias de Cuba. Instituto de Zoologia. Serie Biologica no.53: 58 pp. La Habana.
• Baroni Urbani C. 1978. Materiali per una revisione dei Leptothorax neotropicali appartenenti al sottogenere Macromischa Roger, n. comb. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomol. Basil. 3: 395-618.
• Brandao, C.R.F. 1991. Adendos ao catalogo abreviado das formigas da regiao neotropical (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Rev. Bras. Entomol. 35: 319-412.
• Fontanla Rizo J.L. 1997. Lista preliminar de las hormigas de Cuba. Cocuyo 6: 18-21.
• Fontenla J. L. 2001. Claves para las especies cubanas del taxon Macromischa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptothorax). Cocuyo (Havana) 11: 15-17.
• Fontenla J. L., and J. Alfonso-Simonetti. 2018. Classification of Cuban ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) into functional groups. Poeyana Revista Cubana de Zoologia 506: 21-30.
• Fontenla Rizo J. L. 1997. Lista preliminar de las hormigas de Cuba (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Cocuyo 6: 18-21.
• Kempf, W.W. 1972. Catalago abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical (Hym. Formicidae) Studia Entomologica 15(1-4).
• Kusnezov N. 1963. Zoogeografia de las hormigas en sudamerica. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 19: 25-186
• Mann W. M. 1920. Additions to the ant fauna of the West Indies and Central America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 42: 403-439.
• Portuondo E. F., and J. L. Reyes. 2002. Mirmecofauna de los macizos montañosos de Sierra Maestra y Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa. Cocuyo 12: 10-13
• Portuondo Ferrer, E. and J. Fernandez Triana. Biodiversidad del orden Hymenoptera en Los Macizos Montanosos de Cuba Oriental. Boletin S.E.A. 35:121-136.
• Reyes, J. L. "Inventario de la colección de hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) del Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba." Boletín de la Sociedad Aragonesa 36 (2005): 279-283.
• Wheeler W. M. 1905. The ants of the Bahamas, with a list of the known West Indian species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 21: 79-135.
• Wheeler W. M. 1913. The ants of Cuba. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 54: 477-505.
• Wheeler W. M. 1931. New and little-known ants of the genera Macromischa, Creosomyrmex and Antillaemyrmex. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 72: 1-34.