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Proceratium nilo
| Proceratium nilo | |
|---|---|
| |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Formicidae |
| Subfamily: | Proceratiinae |
| Tribe: | Proceratiini |
| Genus: | Proceratium |
| Species: | P. nilo |
| Binomial name | |
| Proceratium nilo Hita Garcia, Hawkes & Alpert, 2014
| |
Known only from the holotype. This worker was collected from a mountain forest in a pitfall trap.
Identification
Proceratium nilo can be distinguished from the other Afrotropical members of the P. arnoldi clade by the following combination of characters: eyes absent; head slightly longer than broad (CI 91); maculae on vertexal angles of head well developed and conspicuous; mesopleurae extremely inflated posteriorly; petiolar node in profile relatively low, bluntly rounded nodiform, anterior face of petiole strongly produced anteriorly on lower third and not straight; petiole in dorsal view between 1.1 and 1.2 times wider than long (DPeI 115); ventral process of petiole well developed, lamelliform and rectangular, lamella not pointed anteriorly nor posteriorly; abdominal segment IV around as long as abdominal segment III (ASI 102); head, mesosoma and petiole with numerous long, fine, suberect to erect hairs on top of dense mat of much shorter decumbent to subdecumbent pubescence.
Keys including this Species
Distribution
Latitudinal Distribution Pattern
Latitudinal Range: -4.91456° to -4.91456°.
| North Temperate |
North Subtropical |
Tropical | South Subtropical |
South Temperate |
- Source: AntMaps
Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Afrotropical Region: United Republic of Tanzania.
Distribution based on AntMaps
Distribution based on AntWeb specimens
Check data from AntWeb
Countries Occupied
| Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species. |
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Estimated Abundance
| Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species. |
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Biology
Like several other species of the clade, P. nilo is only known from a singleton holotype collected in the Nilo Forest Reserve in the Tanga region of northeast Tanzania (Fig. 18). Nilo covers an area of 5366 ha and, although the 9048 ha Amani Nature Reserve is significantly larger, Nilo is the largest of the 14 forest reserves in the East Usambara mountain range. The forest is largely undisturbed with a dense canopy cover (estimated at 90-95%) and little evidence of logging. Altitude within the reserve ranges from approximately 340 to 1500 m; the area surveyed was near the middle of this range at approximately1000 m. The soil along the 230m transect sampled varied from moist loamy sand to sandy clay loam (hand soil texture classification) and roughly 80% covered by an approximately 1 cm thick layer of leaf litter, with deeper accumulations in places. The single P. nilo specimen was collected in pitfall trap 18 of 24 placed along the transect, and no further details of its microhabitat preferences can be determined.
Castes
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- nilo. Proceratium nilo Hita Garcia, Hawkes & Alpert, 2014: 73, figs. 4A, 15A-C, 18 (w.) TANZANIA.
- Type-material: holotype worker.
- Type-locality: Tanzania: Tanga, Korogwe, Nilo Forest Reserve, 4.91456S, 38.67712E, 1006 m., 1-4.ix.2005, CEPF-TZ-4.1, primary forest (P. Hawkes, J. Makwati & R. Mtana).
- Type-depository: SAMC.
- Distribution: Tanzania.
Description
- Worker measurements (N=1)
TL 3.31; EL n.a. (eyes absent); SL 0.56; HL 0.82; HLM 0.99; HW 0.75; WL 0.97; HFeL 0.60; HTiL 0.51; HBaL 0.40; PeL 0.34; PeW 0.39; DPeI 115; LT3 0.50; LS4 0.20; LT4 0.51; OI 0; CI 91; SI 68; IGR 0.39; ASI 102.
- Worker description
In full-face view head slightly longer than broad (CI 91), sides weakly convex, head not gently diverging posteriorly, vertex weakly convex. Clypeus medially reduced, its anterior margin convex to slightly triangular, only slightly protruding anteriorly, not surrounding the antennal sockets and not medially impressed, antennal socket with broad torulus. Frontal carinae relatively short and widely separated, not converging medially and strongly diverging posteriorly, partially covering antennal insertions; frontal carinae conspicuously raised on their anterior half, much less posteriorly. Eyes absent (OI 0). Mandibles elongate-triangular; masticatory margin of mandibles with four relatively small teeth/denticles, decreasing in size from larger apical tooth to basal denticle. Mesosoma weakly to moderately convex in profile and approximately as long as the maximum head length including mandibles. Lower mesopleurae with well impressed sutures, no other sutures developed on lateral or dorsal mesosoma; mesopleurae extremely inflated posteriorly; propodeum in profile armed with small, pointed teeth, propodeal lobes well developed, lamellate, rounded and blunt; declivitous face of propodeum between teeth and lobes noticeably concave; in posterodorsal view sides of propodeum separated from declivitous face by margin connecting propodeal lobes and propodeal teeth. Legs slender and elongate; pro- and mesotibiae with pectinate spurs; calcar of strigil without basal spine. Petiolar node in profile relatively low, bluntly rounded nodiform, anterior face of petiole strongly produced anteriorly on lower third and not straight, posterior face approximately straight, anterior and posterior faces not parallel, dorsum of node weakly rounded; petiole in dorsal view between 1.1 and 1.2 times wider than long (DPeI 115), petiolar node in dorsal view clearly much broader than long; ventral process of petiole well developed, lamelliform and rectangular, lamella not pointed anteriorly nor posteriorly. In dorsal view abdominal segment III anteriorly broader than petiole; its sides diverging posteriorly; dorsum of abdominal tergum III with posteromedial, very conspicuous, semitransparent, flat bulla below the integument; abdominal sternite III anteromedially with a marked subtriangular projection. Constriction between abdominal segment III and IV conspicuously impressed. Abdominal segment IV strongly recurved (IGR 0.39), conspicuously rounded on its curvature, especially posteriorly, abdominal tergum IV approximately as long as abdominal segment III (ASI 102); large, semitransparent and semicircular bulla situated posteromedially on abdominal tergum IV; remaining abdominal tergites and sternites relatively inconspicuous and curved ventrally. Whole body covered with dense mat of relatively short, decumbent to subdecumbent pubescence, and most of body with moderately abundant, much longer (several times longer than pubescence), suberect to erect, fine, standing hairs. Mandibles longitudinally rugose; most of body irregularly foveolate and/or granulate, sculpture best developed on cephalic dorsum, moderately so on mesosoma and petiole, especially weak, almost smooth, on most on anterior third of abdominal tergum IV, posterior third of abdominal tergum IV with conspicuous, longitudinal, irregular rugosity; inflated, posterior part of mesopleura and declivitous face of propodeum unsculptured, smooth and shining. Head, mesosoma (excluding posteriorly inflated part of mesopleurae), postpetiole and remaining abdominal segments of brown colour, mandibles, inflated part of mesopleurae and legs yellowish to light brown.
- Etymology
The name of the new species is derived from the type locality, the Nilo Forest Reserve in Tanzania. The species epithet is a noun in apposition and thus invariant.