Messor arenarius

Messor arenarius
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Myrmicinae
Tribe:	Stenammini
Genus:	Messor
Species:	M. arenarius
Binomial name
Messor arenarius (Fabricius, 1787)
Subspecies
Messor arenarius alfierii Santschi, 1938 Messor arenarius diabolus Santschi, 1938 Messor arenarius ratus Menozzi, 1933 Messor arenarius thebaicus Santschi, 1912
Synonyms
Messor barbarus beduinus Emery, 1922 Myrmica amaurocyclia Foerster, 1850 Myrmica scalpturata Nylander, 1856 Stenamma bugnioni Forel, 1904

Identification

Collingwood and Agosti (1996) - HW 3.4-4.5; EL/HW 0.165. This is by far the largest Messor species in the Middle East. The subcephalic hairs are numerous but do not form a distinct psammophore. All body surfaces are covered with erect hairs. The propodeum is armed with short strong spines. The general body colour is brownish black but the alitrunk is occasionally somewhat reddish and such examples appear little different from Messor regalis of sub-Saharan Africa, sharing the same features: short first funiculus segment, pectinate tibial spurs, thick body pilosity, spined propodeum and rugose body sculpture extending to the first gastral tergite.

Keys including this Species

• Key to Messor species groups

Distribution

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 35.85° to 24.633333°.

North Temperate	North Subtropical	Tropical	South Subtropical	South Temperate

• Source: AntMaps

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Afrotropical Region: Saudi Arabia.
Palaearctic Region: Algeria, Israel, Kuwait, Tunisia (type locality).

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.

Castes

Worker

Images from AntWeb

Type of unavailable quadrinomial: Messor barbarus striativentris beduinus. Worker. Specimen code casent0904137. Photographer Will Ericson, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by MSNG, Genoa, Italy.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

• arenarius. Formica arenaria Fabricius, 1787: 310 (w.) (no state data, “Habitat in Ba(r)bariae”).
  • Type-material: 3 syntype workers.
  • Type-locality: “Barbaria” (= North African coast from Morocco to Libya).
  • Type-depositories: ZMUC, ZMUK.
  • [Note: Zimsen, 1964: 426, reports 2 specimens in ZMUC, 1 in ZMUK.]
  • André, 1883b: 366 (q.); Emery, 1891b: 12 (q.m.); Forel, 1902a: 148 (m.).
  • Combination in Aphaenogaster: Roger, 1863b: 29;
  • combination in Atta: Mayr, 1863: 395;
  • combination in Aphaenogaster (Messor): Forel, 1890a: lxx; Forel, 1894d: 28;
  • combination in Stenamma (Messor): Emery, 1898c: 125;
  • combination in Cratomyrmex: Cagniant, 1970a: 414;
  • combination in Messor: Emery, 1908e: 439; Bolton, 1995b: 252.
  • Status as species: Gmelin, 1790: 2802; Olivier, 1792: 499; Latreille, 1802c: 288; Fabricius, 1804: 411; Roger, 1862c: 292; Roger, 1863b: 29; Mayr, 1863: 395; Emery, 1880: 392; Emery, 1881b: 534; André, 1881b: 74; André, 1883b: 353 (in key); Emery, 1884a: 382; Forel, 1890a: lxx; Emery, 1891b: 12; Dalla Torre, 1893: 98; Forel, 1894d: 28; Forel, 1895d: 233; Emery, 1898c: 125; Forel, 1902a: 148; Forel, 1904c: 5; Forel, 1907e: 15; Forel, 1908a: 14; Emery, 1908e: 439 (redescription); Forel, 1909e: 379; Karavaiev, 1911: 3; Karavaiev, 1912a: 5; Forel, 1913d: 428; Stitz, 1917: 342; Crawley, 1920a: 163; Emery, 1921f: 69; Emery, 1924a: 7; Menozzi, 1927g: 379; Kutter, 1928: 66; Finzi, 1930b: 15; Santschi, 1931a: 4; Menozzi, 1932e: 452; Menozzi, 1933b: 51; Menozzi, 1934: 158; Finzi, 1936: 158; Santschi, 1938a: 32 (redescription); Menozzi, 1940: 267; Finzi, 1940: 158; Cagniant, 1964: 87; Cagniant, 1968a: 143; Cagniant, 1970a: 414; Bernard, 1971: 6; Collingwood, 1985: 249; Kugler, J. 1988: 257; Bolton, 1995b: 252; Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 316; Cagniant & Espadaler, 1998: 423; Cagniant, 2006a: 197; Vonshak, et al. 2009: 42; Borowiec, L. 2014: 102 (see note in bibliography); Tohmé, G. & Tohmé, 2014: 134; Barech, et al. 2020: 14.
  • Senior synonym of amaurocyclia: Roger, 1862c: 292; Mayr, 1863: 395; Roger, 1863b: 29; Dalla Torre, 1893: 98; Emery, 1921f: 69; Bolton, 1995b: 252.
  • Senior synonym of beduinus: Cagniant, 2006a: 197; Barech, et al. 2020: 14.
  • Senior synonym of bugnioni: Forel, 1904f: 424; Emery, 1908e: 439; Emery, 1921f: 69; Bolton, 1995b: 252.
  • Senior synonym of scalpturata: Roger, 1862c: 292; Mayr, 1863: 395; Roger, 1863b: 29; Dalla Torre, 1893: 98; Emery, 1921f: 69; Bolton, 1995b: 252.
  • Distribution: Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia.
  • Current subspecies: nominal plus alfierii, diabolus, ratus, thebaicus.
• amaurocyclia. Myrmica amaurocyclia Foerster, 1850b: 486 (w.) ALGERIA.
  • Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
  • Type-locality: Algeria: Algiers (no collector’s name).
  • Type-depository: MNHU (Horn & Kahle, 1935: 78).
  • [Note: perhaps type-material is also in MNHN as Foerster (p. 486) thanks “Leon Fairmaire in Paris” for the specimens.]
  • Combination in Aphaenogaster: Roger, 1863b: 29.
  • Junior synonym of arenarius: Roger, 1862c: 292; Mayr, 1863: 395; Roger, 1863b: 29; Dalla Torre, 1893: 98; Emery, 1921f: 69; Bolton, 1995b: 252.
• beduinus. Messor barbarus st. beduinus Emery, 1922c: 93.
  • Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
  • Type-locality: Tunisia: Kairouan (F. Santschi).
  • Type-depository: MSNG.
  • [First available use of Messor barbarus subsp. striativentris var. beduina Emery, 1908e: 453 (w.) TUNISIA; unavailable (infrasubspecific) name.]
  • Santschi, 1910a: 45 (q.); Santschi, 1926e: 234 (m.).
  • As unavailable (infrasubspecific) name: Santschi, 1910a: 45; Emery, 1921f: 72.
  • Subspecies of barbarus: Emery, 1924a: 7; Kutter, 1928: 66.
  • Status as species: Santschi, 1923a: 134; Santschi, 1923f: 320 (in text); Menozzi, 1934: 158; Finzi, 1940: 156; Bolton, 1995b: 252; Borowiec, L. 2014: 102 (error).
  • Junior synonym of arenarius: Cagniant, 2006a: 197; Barech, et al. 2020: 14.
• bugnioni. Stenamma (Messor) bugnioni Forel, 1904c: 13 (w.) ALGERIA.
  • Type-material: holotype worker.
  • Type-locality: Algeria: Biskra (Bugnion).
  • Type-depository: MHNG.
  • Junior synonym of arenarius: Forel, 1904f: 424; Emery, 1908e: 439; Emery, 1921f: 69; Bolton, 1995b: 253.
• scalpturata. Myrmica scalpturata Nylander, 1856b: 83 (w.) ALGERIA, EGYPT.
  • Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated), 1 syntype queen.
  • Type-localities: Algeria, Egypt (no further data).
  • Type-depository: ZMHF.
  • [Note: Nylander mentions that the specimens originated in the collections of Sichel and Fairmaire, both of which are in MNHN.]
  • Combination in Atta: Smith, F. 1858b: 165; Roger, 1859: 252;
  • combination in Aphaenogaster: Roger, 1863b: 29.
  • Status as species: Smith, F. 1858b: 165; Roger, 1859: 252.
  • Junior synonym of arenarius: Roger, 1862c: 292; Mayr, 1863: 395; Roger, 1863b: 29; Dalla Torre, 1893: 98; Emery, 1921f: 69; Bolton, 1995b: 257.

References

• André, E. 1883b. Les fourmis. [concl.]. Pp. 345-404 in: André, Edm. 1881-1886. Species des Hyménoptères d'Europe et d'Algérie. Tome Deuxième. Beaune: Edmond André, 919 + 48 pp. (page 366, queen described)
• Atanackovic, V. 2013. Understanding contraints and potentials of weed management through seed predation by harvester ants (unpublished Ph.D. thesis).
• Barech, G., Khaldi, M., Espadaler, X., Cagniant, H. 2020. Révision taxonomique du genre Messor (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) au Maghreb et description de Messor hodnii sp. n., une nouvelle espèce de fourmi trouvée en Algérie. Revue suisse de Zoologie 127(1) : 9-19 (doi:10.35929/RSZ.0002).
• Borowiec, L. 2014. Catalogue of ants of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin and adjacent regions (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus (Wroclaw) 25(1-2): 1-340.
• Cantone S. 2018. Winged Ants, The queen. Dichotomous key to genera of winged female ants in the World. The Wings of Ants: morphological and systematic relationships (self-published).
• Collingwood, C. A. and D. Agosti. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna Saudi Arabia. 15:300-385.
• Emery, C. 1891c. Exploration scientifique de la Tunisie. Zoologie. - Hyménoptères. Révision critique des fourmis de la Tunisie. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, iii + 21 pp. (page 12, queen, male described)
• Emery, C. 1898c. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der palaearktischen Ameisen. Öfvers. Fin. Vetensk.-Soc. Förh. 20: 124-151 (page 125, Combination in Stenamma (Messor))
• Emery, C. 1908f. Beiträge zur Monographie der Formiciden des paläarktischen Faunengebietes. (Hym.) Teil III. Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 1908: 437-465 (page 439, Combination in Messor)
• Fabricius, J. C. 1787. Mantissa insectorum sistens eorum species nuper detectas adiectis characteribus, genericis, differentiis, specificis, emendationibus, observationibus. Tome I. Hafniae [= Copenhagen]: C. G. Proft, 348 pp. (page 310, worker described)
• Fernández-Escudero, I., Tinaut, A. 1998. Heat-cold dialectic in the activity of Proformica longiseta, a thermophilous ant inhabiting a high mountain (Sierra Nevada, Spain). International Journal of Biometeorology 41, 175–182 (doi:10.1007/s004840050072).
• Forel, A. 1890b. Fourmis de Tunisie et de l'Algérie orientale. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 34:lxi-lxxvi. (page lxx, Combination in A. (Messor))
• Forel, A. 1894d. Les Formicides de la Province d'Oran (Algérie). Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 30: 1-45 (page 45, Combination in Messor)
• Forel, A. 1902a. Les fourmis du Sahara algérien récoltées par M. le Professeur A. Lameere et le Dr. A. Diehl. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 46: 147-158 (page 148, male described)
• Forel, A. 1904g. Dimorphisme du mâle chez les fourmis et quelques autres notices myrmécologiques. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 48: 421-425 (page 424, Senior synonym of bugnioni)
• Horna-Lowell, E., Neumann, K.M., O’Fallon, S., Rubio, A., Pinter-Wollman, N. 2021. Personality of ant colonies (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) – underlying mechanisms and ecological consequences. Myrmecological News 31: 47-59 (doi:10.25849/MYRMECOL.NEWS_031:047).
• O’Donnell, S., Bulova, S., Caponera, V., Oxman, K., Giladi, I. 2020. Species differ in worker body size effects on critical thermal limits in seed-harvesting desert ants (Messor ebeninus and M. arenarius). Insectes Sociaux (doi:10.1007/s00040-020-00782-5).
• Plowes, N.J.R., Johnson, R.A., Holldobler, B. 2013. Foraging behavior in the ant genus Messor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Myrmecological News 18, 33-49.
• Roger, J. 1862c. Synonymische Bemerkungen. 1. Ueber Formiciden. Berl. Entomol. Z. 6: 283-297 (page 292, Senior synonym of amaurocyclia and scalpturata)
• Roger, J. 1863b. Verzeichniss der Formiciden-Gattungen und Arten. Berl. Entomol. Z. 7(B Beilage: 1-65 (page 29, Combination in Aphaenogaster)
• Ruano, F., Tinaut, A., Soler, J.J. 2000. High surface temperatures select for individual foraging in ants. Behavioral Ecology 11, 396-404.
• Santschi, F. 1938a [1937]. Quelques nouvelles fourmis d'Egypte. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Egypte 21: 28-44 (page 32, see also)
• Sharaf, M.R., Abdel-Dayem, M.S., Mohamed, A.A., Fisher, B.L., Aldawood, A.S. 2020. A preliminary synopsis of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Qatar with remarks on the zoogeography. Annales Zoologici 70: 533-560 (doi:10.3161/00034541anz2020.70.4.005).
• Warburg, I., Steinberger, Y. 1997. On the spatial distribution of nests of the ants Messor arenarius and Messor ebeninus. Journal of Arid Environments 36: 671-676.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

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