Lordomyrma azumai

Lordomyrma azumai
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Myrmicinae
Tribe:	Crematogastrini
Genus:	Lordomyrma
Species:	L. azumai
Binomial name
Lordomyrma azumai (Santschi, 1941) Specimen Label
Synonyms
Lordomyrma nobilis Yasumatsu, 1950

Common Name
Mizogashira-ari
Language:	Japanese

L. azumai is considered “rather rare” (Imai et al., 2003). Masuko & Kannari (1980) reported biological observations, mainly from Mt. Kiyosumi, Chiba Prefecture, and noted details from previous Japanese-language papers by authors including Azuma and Yasumatsu. The ants were found patchily distributed in moist soil horizons with fresh to well-decomposed organic content under natural broadleaf forest. Nests were located under a stone, in a crack in a stone, in a damp twig or a fallen nut. Four reported colonies collected during February were monogynous, larvae were present in good numbers, pupae were not reported. Alate gynes and males were present in mid-February nests, and a possible colony-founding dealate gyne was taken alone in leaf-litter in late March. Worker nest compliments ranged up to 86. When disturbed workers feign death by rolling-up their bodies and enclosing their antennae within the antennal scrobes. (Taylor 2012)

Identification

Taylor (2012) - Characterized by its simple general conformation, with relatively basic, unelaborated sculpturation and pilosity. I consider L. azumai to be the most structurally conservative known Asian Lordomyrma species - the taxon perhaps least divergent from the stock ancestral to all Lordomyrma species. This view is supported by the fact that the geographically peripheral Lordomyrma faunas of Australia and Fiji include species of similar conformation (Taylor, 2009).

Keys including this Species

• Key to Lordomyrma species

Distribution

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 31.5° to 30.359°.

North Temperate	North Subtropical	Tropical	South Subtropical	South Temperate

• Source: AntMaps

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Palaearctic Region: Japan (type locality).

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.

Castes

Images from AntWeb

Worker. Specimen code casent0172484. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by ANIC, Canberra, Australia.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

• azumai. Rogeria (Rogeria) azumai Santschi, 1941: 275, fig. 3 (w.) JAPAN. Taylor, 2012: 48, figs 1-8 (q.). Combination in Lordomyrma: Brown, 1952c: 124. Senior synonym of nobilis: Brown, 1952c: 124. See also: Taylor, 2012: 48.
• nobilis. Lordomyrma nobilis Yasumatsu, 1950: 75, fig. 2 (w.m.) JAPAN. Junior synonym of azumai: Brown, 1952c: 124.

Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.

Description

Worker

Taylor (2012) - Antennal funiculus clavate but without delineation of a distinct segmentally defined club; the 3 apical segments progressively longer than those preceding them. Palpal formula maxillary 4: labial 3 (2 specimens dissected). When viewed from behind (perpendicular to the vertex) the top of the head rounds evenly on each side to join the sides. Promesonotum only slightly elevated in lateral view (APE relatively acute: ca. 25 o). Pronotal shoulders with small humeral nodules at either side of the raised section behind the nucal collar, otherwise broadly rounded. Metanotal groove distinct in lateral view, lacking a clearly incised suture, slightly depressed below propodeal summit, rising steeply to pronotal dorsum which is barely domed in profile. Petiole triangular in lateral-view with a short, weak transverse dorsal crest. Mandibles somewhat irregularly longitudinally striate. Clypeus smooth, shining. Frons and occiput longitudinally striate-rugose, the striae more-or-less reticulate at the sides, more straight medially, interstices filled with polished fine puncturation. Sides of head below and behind eyes rugose. Head ventrally smooth and shining. Microsculpture of antennal foveae minutely punctate-rugose, without directional orientation (much like the interstitial microsculpture of frons). Scapes and femora subopaque, densely minutely punctate. Anterior coxae microsculptured much like antennal foveae. Occipital collar finely granulose-reticulate. Dorsum and sides of mesosoma generally rugose like sides of head; propodeum less coarsely rugose, with transverse trend on dorsum, several short ribs spanning metanotal groove, a few transverse striae between bases of propodeal spines and on propodeal declivity. Petiole and postpetiole more finely rugose than sides of propodeum. Gaster dorsally and ventrally moderately shining, with arrayed minute point-punctures. These may be generally distributed, but in some specimens they are largely concentrated in rings or somewhat stellate clusters around the bases of the hairs of the moderately dense pilosity, and in more-or-less clearly defined narrow diagonal lines crossing at the hair-bases. In maximum expression this arrangement is seen under high magnification as an indistinct cross-hatch of narrow punctate lines enclosing shining diamond-shaped sections of smoother cuticle, with a hair-base and a cluster of surrounding punctae at each intersection. That pattern is more-or-less vestigial in some specimens. The smooth areas generally reflect vestiges of micropuncturation. Pilosity dense, the hairs curved, tapering, flexuous, whitish in color. Color generally medium reddish-brown, the gaster usually slightly darker than elsewhere, legs slightly lighter. Dimensions: TL 4.2 4.7 HW 0.79, 0.82; HL 0.82, 0.87; CI 96, 94; EL 0.14, 0.14; OI 18, 17; SL 0.62, 0.66; SI 78, 80; PW 0.61, 0.64; WL 1.17, - ; DPW 0.21, 0.24; DPpW 0.26, 0.31; GW 1.08, 1.00.

Queen

Taylor (2012) - Basically similar to worker except for the presence of ocelli, relatively large eyes and the usual mesosomal and gastral attributes distinguishing gynes. The above characterization of worker sculpturation and pilosity applies. Ventral propodeal spine as in worker. Palpal formula not known. Wing venation unavailable here. Dimensions: TL 4.9; HW 0.89; HL 0.92; CI 97; EL 0.18; OI 20; SL 0.62; SI 69; PW 0.70; SW 0.70; WL 1.32; DPW 0.27; DPpW 0.36; GW 1.19. Described from 2 dealate worker-associated specimens (1 measured): Takakuma Mts, Kagoshima (K. Eguchi accs Eg09viii07-04, Eg09viii07-11) (Australian National Insect Collection).

References

• Yasumatsu, K. 1950. Discovery of an ant of the genus Lordomyrma Emery in eastern Asia (Hym.). Insecta Matsumurana 17: 73-79.
• Brown, W. L., Jr. 1952c [1951]. Synonymous ant names. Psyche (Camb.) 58: 124 (page 124, Combination in Lordomyrma, and senior synonym of nobilis)

• Cantone S. 2018. Winged Ants, The queen. Dichotomous key to genera of winged female ants in the World. The Wings of Ants: morphological and systematic relationships (self-published).
• Hisasue, Y. 2019. Ants collected from Akita Prefecture (Japan) in August 2017. ARI 40: 15-18.
• Hisasue, Y. 2020. A checklist of the ants of Mt. Hiko-san (Kyushu, Japan). Korasana 93: 31-38.
• Imai, H.T., Kihara, A., Kondoh, M., Kubota, M., Kuribayashi, S., Ogata, K., Onoyama, K., Taylor, R.W., Terayama, M., Yoshimura, M., Ugawa, Y. 2003. Ants of Japan. 224 pp, Gakken, Japan.
• Liu, X., Xu. Z., Hita Garcia, F. 2021. Taxonomic review of the ant genus Lordomyrma Emery, 1897 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from China, with description of two new species and an identification key to the known species of the world. Asian Myrmecology 14: e014007 (doi:10.20362/am.014007).
• Masuko, K.; Kannari, T. 1980. A new local record and some notes on the behavior of Lordomyrma azumai (Santschi). [In Japanese.]. Ari 9:5-6.

• Santschi, F. 1941. Quelques fourmis japonaises inédites. Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 18: 273-279 (page 275, fig. 3 worker described)

• Taylor, R.W. 2012. Ants of the genus Lordomyrma Emery (2) The Japanese L. azumai (Santschi) and six new species from India, Vietnam and the Philippines. Zootaxa 3282:45-60.

• Wang, W.Y., Soh, E.J.Y., Yong, G.W.J., Wong, M.K.L., Benoit Guénard, Economo, E.P., Yamane, S. 2022. Remarkable diversity in a little red dot: a comprehensive checklist of known ant species in Singapore (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with notes on ecology and taxonomy. Asian Myrmecology 15: e015006 (doi:10.20362/am.015006).

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

• Choi B.M., K. Ogata, and M. Terayama. 1993. Comparative studies of ant faunas of Korea and Japan. 1. Faunal comparison among islands of Southern Korean and northern Kyushu, Japan. Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan 48(1): 37-49.
• Eto S., and K. Ogata. 1983. Ants of Hirado Island, Kyushu. Bulletin of the Nagasaki Prefecture Biological Group 25: 7-11.
• Hosoichi S., M. Yoshimura, Y. Kuboki, and K. Ogata. 2007. Ants from Yakushima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture. Ari 30: 47-54.
• Hosoishi S., M. Yoshimura, Y. Kuboki, and K. Ogata. 2007. Ants from Yakushima Island , Kagoshima Prefecture. Ari 30: 47-54.
• Lucky A., and E. M. Sarnat. 2008. New species of Lordomyrma (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Southeast Asia and Fiji. Zootaxa 1681: 37-46.
• Murata K. 1990. Ant fauna of Yamizo Mountains. Memoirs of Tochigi Prefectural Museum 8: 86-103.
• Ogata K. 1991. A generic synopsis of the poneroid complex of the family Formicidae (Hymenoptera). Part II. Subfamily Myrmicinae. Bull. Inst. Trop. Agric. Kyushu Univ. 14: 61-149
• Ogata. K., Touyama, Y. and Choi, B. M. 1994. Ant fauna of Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. ARI Reports of the Myrmecologists Society (Japan) 18: 18-25
• Okamoto H. 1972. Ants from Shikoku, Japan (7). Gensei 23:11-14.
• Taylor R. W. 2012. Ants of the genus Lordomyrma Emery (2) The Japanese L. azumai (Santschi) and six new species from India, Viet Nam and the Philippines (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Zootaxa 3282:45-60.
• Terayama M. 1992. Structure of ant communities in East Asia. A. Regional differences and species richness. Bulletin of the Bio-geographical Society of Japan 47: 1-31.
• Terayama M., K. Ogata, and B.M. Choi. 1994. Distribution records of ants in 47 prefectures of Japan. Ari (report of the Myrmecologists Society of Japan) 18: 5-17.
• Terayama M., S. Kubota, and K. Eguchi. 2014. Encyclopedia of Japanese ants. Asakura Shoten: Tokyo, 278 pp.
• Yamane S., S. Ikudome, and M. Terayama. 1999. Identification guide to the Aculeata of the Nansei Islands, Japan. Sapporo: Hokkaido University Press, xii + 831 pp. pp, 138-317.
• Yamane S., Y. Harada, and K. Eguchi. 2013. Classification and ecology of ants. Natural history of ants in Southern Kyushu. 200 pages
• Yamane S.; Ikudome, S.; Terayama, M. 1999. Identification guide to the Aculeata of the Nansei Islands, Japan. Sapporo: Hokkaido University Press, xii + 831 pp. pp138-317.
• Yasumatsu K. 1950. Discovery of an ant of the genus Lordomyrma Emery in eastern Asia (Hym.). Insecta Matsumurana 17: 73-79.
• Yoshitomi H., and S. Matsuno. 2012. List of species of Hymenoptera and Diptera in Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan. pp. 167-176. In: Committee for Surveys of Natural Environment of Matsuyama City (Chief Editor: Kazuo ISHIKAWA) (ed.) Checklist of the Wild Animals, Fungi, and Plants of Matsuyama City, 2012. Published by the Department of Environment, Matsuyama City, 404 pp.