Key to Malagasy Camponotus subgenus Mayria minor workers
Based on Rasoamanana and Fisher 2022. "Some couplets related to the 22 species that have been transferred into the subgenus Mayria are taken from Rakotonirina et al. (2016, 2017, 2018)."
1
- With the combination of the following characters: head broadened posteriorly, head width equal to or slightly longer than pronotal width; occipital margin straight to evenly convex; in dorsal view, pronotum subrectangular with subparallel margins; mesosoma short and high, forming a rounded V in dorsal view; in profile, propodeum dorsum flat to slightly convex, never concave; petiolar node ranging from nodiform to squamiform; body integument opaque and dull with noticeable sculpture; pilosity consists of thick setae (Fig. 2) Camponotus Mayria . . . . . 2
- Without combination of above characters - other Camponotus subgenera
2
return to couplet #1
- Hairs consist of enlarged setae with pointed ends, curving, mostly pale colored, uneven in length; bending anteriorly on mesosoma dorsum; sometimes forming a fur coating (Fig. 13A); head more quadrate, occipital margin straight to evenly convex; coronal line always present (darwinii species group) . . . . . 3
- Hairs consist of straight white setae, filiform to straplike, never bending anteriorly on mesosoma dorsum (Fig. 13B); moderately abundant and all about the same length, widely spaced; head other than quadrate . . . . . 8
3
return to couplet #2
- Large and robust species (CS: 2.24±0.46, 1.92–2.70); in profile, basal face of propodeum half as long as declivitous face (Fig. 14A); density of hairs on the mesopropodeum dorsum more abundant than on the gastral segment, most conspicuous on pronotal dorsum; gastral segment distinctly reticulate-punctate (CL: 2.30±0.17, 2.00–2.78; ML: 3.28±0.20; 2.86–3.73 . . . . . Camponotus nossibeensis
- Medium to smaller species; in profile, basal and declivitous faces of propodeum unequal in length (Fig. 14B) . . . . . 4
4
return to couplet #3
- Erect setae white, long, and sparse on occipital region and thorax, very dense on the gaster and concealing the surface; appressed pubescence long and silvery in appearance (Fig. 15A); in full-face view, head more quadrate (CL: 1.51±0.09, 1.35–1.69; CS: 1.45±0.24; 1.31–1.66; ML: 1.98±0.12, 1.79–2.20) . . . . . Camponotus norvigi
- Erect pilosity yellow or orange in color, appressed pubescence short and inconspicuous (Fig. 15B); in full-face view, head trapezoidal . . . . . 5
5
return to couplet #4
- Hairs densely distributed on mesosoma (Fig. 16A) or gastral dorsum (Fig. 16B) . . . . . 6
- Hairs sparsely distributed on mesosoma (Fig. 16C) or gastral dorsum (Fig. 6D) . . . . . 7
6
return to couplet #5
- Erect hairs on mesosoma consisting of orange, long, thick setae coarsely distributed on each portion, sutures well marked; short, sparse setae widely distributed on gaster; petiole with sharp edge; legs with brown femora, orange tibia, and testaceous basitarsus (Fig. 17A). (CS: 1.54±0.19, 1.43–1.64; CL: 1.58±0.06; 1.49–1.66; ML: 2.19±0.10; 2.01–2.31) . . . . . Camponotus ursus
- Erect hairs on mesosoma and gastral dorsum yellowish to pale ochreous, somewhat more abundant on the gaster and dense on the mesosoma; sutures obsolete; petiole with blunt edge; legs same color as mesosoma (Fig. 17B). (CS: 1.45±0.28; 1.22–1.63; CL: 1.49±0.11; 1.25–1.62; ML: 2.14±0.16; 1.80–2.51) . . . . . Camponotus darwinii
7
return to couplet #5
- Head elongate, occipital margin straight, lateral margins tapering to front; erect hairs on head, thorax, and gaster shorter and sparser; humeral angle more tuberculate; dorsum of propodeum longer than declivitous face and forms a right angle; ants entirely black (Fig. 18A, 18B) (CS: 1.82±0.37, 1.53–1.98; CL:1.90±0.13, 1.62–2.08; ML: 2.71±0.17, 2.34–2.91) . . . . . Camponotus themistocles
- Head ovoid, occipital and lateral margins convex; erect hairs on head, thorax, and gaster long and dense; humeral angle rounded; dorsum of propodeum and declivitous face about the same length and together form a rounded angle; mandibles and legs more reddish brown (Fig. 18C, 18D) (CS: 1.59 ± 0.22; 1.43–1.77; CL: 1.64±0.09, 1.49–1.81; ML: 2.31±0.14, 2.05–2.55) . . . . . Camponotus radovae
8
return to couplet #2
- Antennal scape entirely flattened longitudinally. In full-face view, lateral head sides straight and tapering to front (Fig. 19A); large in size (CS: 2.14±0.38; 2.00–2.33; CL: 2.30±0.14, 2.16–2.48; ML: 3.04±0.10, 2.92–3.18); decumbent spatulate setae present below the antennal insertion. Dorsum of mesosoma and petiole with long and thick hairs, gastral segment wholly pubescent with decumbent and suberect hairs long enough to overlap. (MPD/ML: 0.55±0.03, 0.52–0.60) (antsaraingy species group) . . . . . Camponotus antsaraingy
- Antennal scape partially flattened. In full-face view, lateral head margin mostly convex; setae absent below the antennal insertion (Fig. 19B); medium sized. Hairs other than spatulate . . . . . 9
9
return to couplet #8
- Mesosoma partially submarginate or marginate (Fig. 20A) . . . . . 10
- Mesosoma completely immarginate, humeral angle may be tuberculate (Fig. 20B) . . . . . 25
10
return to couplet #9
- In profile, anterior margin of petiolar node convex and posterior margin either convex or roughly triangular; propodeal spiracle located on declivitous surface or at posterolateral margin of the propodeum; in dorsal view, mesonotum quite oval (Fig. 21A, 21B) (edmondi species group) . . . . . 11
- In profile, anterior margin of petiolar node convex and posterior margin more or less straight; propodeal spiracle located on lateral portion of propodeum; in dorsal view, mesonotum dorsum more rectangular (Fig. 21C, 21D) . . . . . 20
11
return to couplet #10
- In profile, propodeum strongly compressed anteroposteriorly, without clear distinction between dorsal margin and declivity (Fig. 22A); in dorsal view, mesonotum broad, at least twice as broad as long (Fig. 22B) . . . . . 12
- In profile, propodeum not strongly compressed anteroposteriorly, propodeal dorsum and declivitous surface separated by blunt angle (Fig. 22C); in dorsal view, mesonotum narrow, less than twice as broad as long (Fig. 22D) . . . . . 13
12
return to couplet #11
- Posterodorsal corner of mesonotum raised into a bluntly rounded shield (Fig. 23A); somewhat larger species (CS: 1.235–2.667, 1.6; CL: 1.255–2.647, 1.625; ML: 1.843–2.922, 2.257) . . . . . Camponotus echinoploides
- Posterodorsal corner of mesonotum rounded, not forming an extended shield (Fig. 23B); somewhat smaller species (CS: 1–1.722, 1.265; CL: 0.961–1.725, 1.29; ML: 1.341–2.078, 1.623) . . . . . Camponotus galoko
13
return to couplet #11
- In profile, straight line connecting one end of dorsolateral carina of propodeum at the metanotal groove to the other end next to propodeal spiracle is conspicuously longer than posterolateral margin of propodeum (Fig. 24A) . . . . . Camponotus matsilo
- In profile, straight line connecting one end of dorsolateral carina of propodeum at the metanotal groove to the other end next to the propodeal spiracle is approximately as long as posterolateral margin of propodeum (Fig. 24B) . . . . . 14
14
return to couplet #13
- Dorsum of head and mesosoma densely and finely reticulate-punctate (Fig. 25A) . . . . . 15
- Dorsum of head and mesosoma smooth and shiny, superimposed by fine imbrication (Fig. 25B) . . . . . 18
15
return to couplet #14
- Dorsum of mesosoma with numerous erect hairs, pubescence conspicuous (Fig. 26A) . . . . . Camponotus mifaka
- Hairs lacking on dorsum of pronotum; a pair of hairs present on mesonotum; dorsum of propodeum covered with few erect hairs; hairs on propodeum mostly arise along the region separating dorsal surface and declivity; pubescence inconspicuous (Fig. 26B) . . . . . 16
16
return to couplet #15
- Distance between meso-metapleural suture and dorsolateral margin of propodeum remains the same along the dorsolateral carina of propodeum (Fig. 27A); no distinct angle between dorsal margin of propodeum and declivity, both portions apparently forming a straight line . . . . . Camponotus orombe
- Distance between meso-metapleural suture and dorsolateral margin of propodeum variable, largest near the junction of dorsolateral carina and declivitous surface (Fig. 27B); blunt angle or convexity between dorsal margin of propodeum and declivity distinct . . . . . 17
17
return to couplet #16
- With mesosoma in dorsal view, lateral margins of mesonotum roughly straight and gradually converging posteriorly; width of propodeum at the metanotal groove less than half the maximum width of mesonotum (Fig. 28A); with head in full-face view, anteromedian margin of clypeus truncate . . . . . Camponotus edmondi
- With mesosoma in dorsal view, lateral margins of mesonotum convex and strongly converging posteriorly; width of propodeum at metanotal groove greater than half the maximum width of mesonotum (Fig. 28B); with head in full-face view, anteromedian margin of clypeus triangular . . . . . Camponotus tafo
18
return to couplet #14
- In profile, mesonotal dorsum strongly sloping down to the level of propodeum, maximum length of mesonotum about as long as distance between metanotal groove and propodeal spiracle (Fig. 29A); in dorsal view, lateral margin of mesonotum not well defined and converging gradually towards metanotal groove (Fig. 29B); head and mesosoma brown . . . . . Camponotus tratra
- In profile, mesonotum slightly sloping down to the level of propodeum, maximum length distinctly shorter than distance between metanotal groove and propodeal spiracle (Fig. 29C); in dorsal view, lateral margin of mesonotum well defined and evenly convex, converging abruptly towards metanotal groove (Fig. 29D); head and mesosoma dark brown to black . . . . . 19
19
return to couplet #18
- In profile, anterodorsal corner of pronotum extending anteriorly into narrow edge but dorsolateral portion not marginate, junction of dorsum to lateral surface always rounded; blunt angle between dorsal margin of propodeum and declivity distinct, or the junction between both portions rounded (Fig. 30A). Antennal scape and gastral tergites I-III covered with abundant, appressed pubescence (Fig. 30B) . . . . . Camponotus zavo
- In profile, anterodorsal corner of pronotum extending anteriorly into narrow edge and dorsolateral portion marginate; junction of dorsum to lateral surface of pronotum sharply angulate; no distinct angle between dorsal margin of propodeum and declivity, both portions apparently forming a straight line (Fig. 30C). Antennal scape and gastral tergites I-III with scattered, appressed pubescence (Fig. 30D) . . . . . Camponotus varatra
20
return to couplet #10
- Appendages the same color as mesosoma. Body integument finely reticulate and matte; dorsal face of propodeum forms a right angle with the declivitous face (Fig. 31A) (robustus species group) . . . . . 21
- Appendages lighter colored than mesosoma. Body integument finely imbricate, shining; dorsal face of propodeum forms a rounded angle with the declivitous face (Fig. 31) (alamaina species group) . . . . . 23
21
return to couplet #20
- Level of the propodeal dorsum abruptly lower than level of the promesonotal dorsum; pronotal dorsum with few erect hairs; humeral angle extended anteriorly into a narrow ridge (Fig. 32A) . . . . . 22
- Level of propodeal dorsum not abruptly lower than level of promesonotal dorsum; pronotum covered with numerous erect hairs and pubescence; humeral angle slightly tuberculate, not extended into a narrow ridge (Fig. 32B) . . . . . Camponotus robustus
22
return to couplet #21
- Larger species. In dorsal view, mesonotum dorsum quadrate (Fig. 33A); in profile, petiole scale with acute summit, its anterior surface convex and posterior flat (CS: 1.92–2.58; ML: 3.49–4.18) . . . . . Camponotus ethicus
- Medium species. In dorsal view, mesonotum dorsum ovate (Fig. 33B); in profile, petiole scale with blunt summit, convex anterior and posterior surfaces; propodeum with blunt prominences (CS: 1.02±0.28, 0.92–1.14; CL: 1.02±0.11, 0.93–1.14; ML: 1.34±0.14, 1.22–1.50) . . . . . Camponotus zoro
23
return to couplet #20
- In profile, anterior margin of pronotum broadly rounding to the dorsum; dorsolateral and posterolateral margins of propodeum strongly carinate (Fig. 34A); somewhat larger species (CS: 0.991–2.222; CL: 1.078–2.275; ML: 1.62–2.902) . . . . . Camponotus alamaina
- In profile, anterior margin of pronotum very short and indistinct, the cervical shield apparently joins the pronotal dorsum directly; at least posterolateral margin of propodeum not strongly carinate, but simply marginate or rounded (Fig. 34B); generally smaller species (CS: 0.875–1.739; CL: 0.98–1.922;ML: 1.373–2.235) . . . . . 24
24
return to couplet #23
- In dorsal view, dorsolateral portion of propodeum with sharp carina, posterolateral margin marginate (Fig. 35A). In profile, width of mesopleuron, seen at the level of spiracle, about as large as that of lateral portion of propodeum; at least one pair of erect hairs present on propodeal dorsum . . . . . Camponotus androy
- In dorsal view, dorsal face of propodeum rounded to lateral face, junction without sharp carina, and posterolateral margin rounded (Fig. 35B). In profile mesopleuron, taken at spiracle level, much wider than lateral portion of propodeum; erect hairs lacking on propodeal dorsum . . . . . Camponotus bevohitra
25
return to couplet #9
- In full-face view, lateral sides of head rather straight and subparallel; anterior clypeal margin rounded (Fig. 36A). Ants bicolored, head and mesosoma relatively reddish, gaster black (ellioti species group) . . . . . 26
- In full-face view, lateral sides of head convex; anterior clypeal margin projecting into a rectangular lobe (Fig. 36B). Ants entirely black . . . . . 29
26
return to couplet #25
- Body opaque, integument harder and sculptured. In profile, dorsal outline of mesosoma arcuate (Fig. 37A) . . . . . 27
- Body shining, integument thin and unsculptured. In profile, dorsal outline of mesosoma depressed at the level of metanotal suture (Fig. 37B) . . . . . 28
27
return to couplet #26
- Head, mesosoma, and petiolar node yellowish orange, gastral segments yellowish anteriorly and darkened posteriorly, very sparsely and finely pubescent; humeral angle rounded; petiole nodiform, node summit convex (Fig. 38A) . . . . . Camponotus maintikibo
- Head, mesosoma, and petiolar node reddish to dark brown, gastral segments all black with dense, appressed, golden pubescence; humeral angle tuberculate; petiole squamiform with sharp edge (Fig. 38B) (CS: 1.85±0.55, 1.45–2.42; CL:1.93±0.20, 1.57–2.43; ML: 2.74±0.22, 2.27–3.19) . . . . . Camponotus ellioti
28
return to couplet #26
- Petiole higher than long with sharp edge, dorsal surface of mesosoma with impressed metanotal suture which forms a transverse canal; gaster broadly rounded, oval; four pairs of standing hairs present on petiolar border (Fig. 39A) (CS: 0.84±0.05, 0.8––0.86; CL: 0.92±0.02, 0.89–0.95; ML: 1.32±0.03, 1.26–1.38) . . . . . Camponotus maintilany
- Petiole nodiform, node summit convex; dorsal surface of mesosoma with shallow metanotal groove; gaster elliptical; two pairs of standing hairs present on petiolar border (Fig. 39B) (CS: 0.84±0.07, 0.81–0.88; CL: 0.94±0.03, 0.91–0.99; ML: 1.33±0.03, 1.29–1.36) . . . . . Camponotus andrianjaka
29
return to couplet #25
- Ants brownish; promesonotal suture distinctly impressed (Fig. 40A) (efitra species group) . . . . . 30
- Ants dark colored; promesonotal suture feebly impressed (Fig. 40B) . . . . . 31
30
return to couplet #29
- Base of scape without lobe; frontal carina divergent (Fig. 41A); head, mesosoma, and petiolar node brown to reddish brown, gastral segments uniformly dark brown to black; propodeum dorsum slightly convex (Fig. 41B); mandible with six teeth; legs same color as mesosoma . . . . . Camponotus efitra
- Base of scape with lobe; frontal carina sigmoid (Fig. 41C); head, mesopropodeum, and petiolar node brown, pronotum light brown, gaster dark brown; dorsum of propodeum distinctly concave (Fig. 41D); mandible with five teeth; mid*and forecoxa, apical portion of femora and basal portion of tibia yellowish (CS: 0.95±0.17, 0.87–1.02; CL: 1.02±0.06, 0.95–1.09; ML: 1.30±0.13, 1.13–1.43) . . . . . Camponotus chrislaini
31
return to couplet #29
- Whole body weakly sculptured, appears more or less shiny; median frontal carina absent (Fig. 42A) (repens species group) . . . . . 32
- Whole body densely sculptured, appears subopaque or dull; median frontal carina impressed (Fig. 42B) (madagascarensis species group) . . . . . 36
32
return to couplet #31
- Mesosomal profile continuous, forming a regular arch; the metanotal groove very shallow (Fig. 43A); petiolar node higher than long . . . . . 33
- Mesosomal profile discontinuous, not forming a regular arch; interrupted at the deep metanotal groove (Fig. 43B); petiole nodiform, node summit convex to straight . . . . . 34
33
return to couplet #32
- Forecoxae bicolored (Fig. 44A). In full-face view, head elongate, oval. Propodeum much rounded in lateral view. Dorsum of mesosoma covered with numerous slender, whitish, erect hairs, equal in length and arranged transversally; appressed pubescence prominent . . . . . Camponotus repens
- Forecoxae black colored (Fig. 44B). In full-face view, head more trapezoidal. Propodeum angulate in lateral view. Dorsum of mesosoma with few pairs of hairs; appressed pubescence very obscure (CS: 0.89±0.08, 0.84–0.93; CL: 0.97±0.04, 0.92–1.02; ML: 1.45±0.08, 1.35–1.53) . . . . . Camponotus claveri
34
return to couplet #32
- In profile, petiole longer than broad, anterior face leaning forward (Fig. 45A); propodeum acutely angular with a deep impression at the metanotal suture. Dorsal outline of mesosoma depressed at the level of metanotal suture; ants covered with fine, pointed, white hairs uneven in length; distributed sparsely on entire dorsum (CS: 0.99±0.14, 0.91–1.09; CL: 1.08±0.06, 0.99–1.18; ML: 1.67±0.08; 1.57–1.87) . . . . . Camponotus jjacquia
- In profile, petiole cubic or wider than long (Fig. 45B); anterior face straight and rounding gradually to its dorsum; angle of propodeum rounded, the metanotal suture only slightly or not at all impressed; scattered short hairs present on mesosoma dorsum . . . . . 35
35
return to couplet #34
- Head elongate (Fig. 46A); five to six pairs of standing hairs present on propodeum dorsum; petiole higher than long with convex edge (CS: 0.79±0.04, 0.77–0.81; CL: 0.92±0.02, 0.89–0.95; ML: 1.43±0.05, 1.34–1.46) . . . . . Camponotus tsimelahy
- Head more quadrate (Fig. 46B); one pair of stiff hairs on propodeal angle; petiole cubic with flat dorsum which forms a smooth curve with the posterior face (CS: 0.78±0.12, 0.75–0.81, CL: 0.83±0.06, 0.79–0.87; ML: 1.25±0.04, 1.22–1.27) . . . . . Camponotus ihazofotsy
36
return to couplet #31
- In profile, mesosoma long and low (MPH/ML: 0.35–0.47), propodeal dorsum longer than declivitous face (Fig. 47A); erect hairs lacking immediately behind lateral margin of clypeus . . . . . 37
- In profile, mesosoma short and high (MPH/ML: 0.45–0.71), propodeal dorsum shorter than declivitous face (Fig. 47B); a few scattered, erect hairs present immediately behind lateral margin of clypeus . . . . . 38
37
return to couplet #36
- In full-face view, whitish, erect hairs on posterior portion of head scattered laterally to level of anterior margin of eyes (Fig. 48A); eyes located at least in posterior fourth of head; in dorsal view, dorsal margin of petiolar node with two rows of erect hairs extending from upper half to apex; transverse pale strip on posterior margin of abdominal tergites large, width a fifth of the visible width of tergite (Fig. 48B) . . . . . Camponotus madagascarensis
- In full-face view, whitish erect hairs on posterior portion of head spread mostly to posterolateral angle of head, not reaching level of anterior margin of eyes (Fig. 48C); eyes located on posterior fifth of head; in dorsal view, dorsal margin of petiolar node with only one row of erect hairs extending from upper half to apex; transverse pale strip on posterior margin of abdominal tergites narrow, width an eighth of the visible width of tergite (Fig. 48D) . . . . . Camponotus descarpentriesi
38
return to couplet #36
- Basal half of antennal scape noticeably flattened dorsoventrally; head elongate; base of scape near basal condyle forming a lobelike extension (Fig. 49A); in full-face view, lateral head sides slightly convex (CWb/CL: 0.83, 0.81–0.84; CW/CL: 0.80, 0.78–0.82), dorsum of body with fewer scattered erect hairs and sparse pubescence; large species . . . . . Camponotus mita
- Basal half of antennal scape cylindrical, not strongly flattened (Fig. 49B); in full-face view, head subquadrate; base of scape near basal condyle forming a lobe . . . . . 39
39
return to couplet #38
- Body color matte black, entire body covered with numerous, thick, whitish hairs. In full-face view, occipital margin medially convex, anterior margin of clypeus triangular. In profile, dorsum of propodeum shorter than declivitous face (Fig. 50A) (CWb/CL: 0.91, 0.87–1.07; CW/CL: 0.89, 0.86–1.04) . . . . . Camponotus voeltzkowii
- Body color shiny black, white hair on dorsum thin, few in number. In full-face view, occipital margin straight medially, anterior margin of clypeus rectangular. In profile, dorsum of propodeum about the same length as declivitous face (Fig. 50B) (CS: 1.21±0.19; 1.13–1.3; CL: 1.28±0.08, 1.18–1.35; ML: 1.85±0.15, 1.69–2.04) . . . . . Camponotus ivadia
Additional Resources
- Mayria
- Camponotus
- List of Madagascar Camponotus
References
- Rakotonirina J.C., Csosz S., and B.L. Fisher. 2016. Revision of the Malagasy Camponotus edmondi species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Formicinae): integrating qualitative morphology and multivariate morphometric analysis. ZooKeys. 572:81-154. doi:10.3897/zookeys.572.7177
- Rakotonirina, J.C., Csosz, S., Fisher, B.L. 2017. Taxonomic revision of the Malagasy Camponotus grandidieri and niveosetosus species groups (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) using qualitative and quantitative morphology. Zootaxa 4238: 203–245 (doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4238.2.2).
- Rakotonirina, J.C., Fisher, B.L. 2018. Taxonomic revision of the Malagasy Camponotus subgenus Mayria (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) using qualitative and quantitative morphology. Zootaxa 4438: 1–58 (doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4438.1.1).
- Rasoamanana, N., Fisher, B.L. 2022. A taxonomic revision of the Malagasy endemic subgenus Mayria of the genus Camponotus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) based on qualitative morphology and quantitative morphometric analyses. ZooKeys. 1081:137–231. (doi:10.3897/zookeys.1081.71872).