Diacamma geometricum

Diacamma geometricum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Ponerinae
Tribe:	Ponerini
Genus:	Diacamma
Species:	D. geometricum
Binomial name
	Diacamma geometricum; Smith, F., 1857 Specimen Labels
Synonyms
	Diacamma tritschleri Forel, 1897;

Little has been reported about the biology of Diacamma geometricum.

At a Glance

• Gamergate

Identification

Laciny et al. (2015) - Large species (TL 12.8–13.8 mm). Trunk black, without metallic shimmer. Clypeus, mandibles, apex of gaster, and legs dark brown. Trunk strongly striate from genae to gaster tergite 1. Posterior of head longitudinally striate until truncated hind margin; margin narrow. Eyes large, protruding. Clypeus very densely punctured. Mandible with fine striation, in some specimens obliterate. Pronotum transversely-elliptically striate. Propodeum without distinct ridges separating posterior from lateral faces. Petiole stout, node anteriorly rounded, its teeth very long and far apart; subpetiolar process shallowly concave, anterior and posterior corner weakly protruding. Gaster tergite 1 with concentric rugae.

There are some noteworthy morphometric differences between the examined D. tritschleri syntypes (a synonymized species) from Sumatra. While they are of larger overall body-size, both measured syntype specimens possess shorter scapes (SI 157, 158 vs. 162–169) and middle tibiae as well as slightly narrower petioles than their conspecifics from Singapore and Malaysia.

A member of the Diacamma rugosum group. Constituent species are relatively uniform in body structures; most of them have a very coarse striation of mesosoma and gaster, whereas striation on head and gaster tergite 1 is variable among species. Size is usually moderate to large, a metallic shimmer is present in many species. Pilosity and setiferation, the structures of the clypeus and petiole, and last but not least morphometry provide the best differential characteristics.

Distribution

West Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra.

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 22.157° to -9.233333°.


North Temperate	North Subtropical	Tropical	South Subtropical	South Temperate

Source: AntMaps

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Indo-Australian Region: Indonesia (type locality), Malaysia, Singapore (type locality).

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.

Biology

Castes

Images from AntWeb


Syntype of Diacamma tritschleri. Worker. Specimen code casent0903864. Photographer Z. Lieberman, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by MSNG, Genoa, Italy.


Syntype of Diacamma tritschleri. Worker. Specimen code casent0907218. Photographer Z. Lieberman, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by MHNG, Geneva, Switzerland.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

geometricum. Ponera geometrica Smith, F. 1857a: 67 (w.) SINGAPORE.
- Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 54 (m.); Emery, 1899c: 5 (l.).
- Combination in Diacamma: Mayr, 1862: 718.
- Subspecies of rugosum: Emery, 1897b: 154; Forel, 1899d: 320; Emery, 1900d: 666; Emery, 1901g: 566; Forel, 1907e: 17; Forel, 1909d: 221; Wheeler, W.M. 1909d: 338; Forel, 1910d: 122; Emery, 1911d: 66; Forel, 1912d: 100; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 54; Wheeler, W.M. 1921c: 529; Wheeler, W.M. 1924b: 242; Wheeler, W.M. & Chapman, 1925: 63; Wheeler, W.M. 1927d: 1; Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 5; Karaviev, 1935a: 62 (redescription); Yasumatsu, 1940a: 67; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 57; Baltazar, 1966: 242.
- Junior synonym of rugosum: Wilson, 1958d: 368; Bolton, 1995b: 169.
- Status as species: Smith, F. 1858b: 86; Smith, F. 1860a: 72; Roger, 1860: 301; Mayr, 1862: 718; Mayr, 1863: 407; Roger, 1863b: 16; Smith, F. 1871a: 321; Mayr, 1886c: 358; Emery, 1887b: 435; Dalla Torre, 1893: 28; Emery, 1893e: 189; Santschi, 1932b: 14; Donisthorpe, 1932c: 448; Radchenko, 1993a: 80; Laciny, Pal & Zettel, 2015: 102 (redescription); Zettel, et al. 2016: 167.
- Senior synonym of tritschleri: Laciny, Pal & Zettel, 2015: 102.

Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.

Description

Worker

Laciny et al. (2015) - syntypes (n = 2): TL 13.30, 13.63; HW 2.35; HL 3.03, 3.07; EL 0.70, 0.71; SL 3.72, 3.68; PH 1.89, 1.87; PL 1.26, 1.24; PW 1.13, 1.15; SpD 1.19, 1.24; SpL 0.64, 0.60; WL 4.70; MTL 2.84, 2.80. Indices: CI 77; SI 158, 157; PI 67, 66; SpDI 107, 109; SpLI 58, 53; EI 29, 30. Non-type material (n = 5): TL 12.78–13.76; HW 2.12–2.25; HL 2.80–3.03; EL 0.64–0.71; SL 3.55–3.72; PH 1.83–2.04; PL 1.20–1.35; PW 1.28–1.39; SpD 1.09–1.33; SpL 0.59–0.71; WL 4.43–4.73; MTL 2.84–3.00. Indices: CI 73–76; SI 162–169; PI 63–67; SpDI 86–105; SpLI 46–55; EI 28–31.

Structures: Head moderately elongate; in front of eyes sides subparallel, behind eyes moderately curved towards relatively wide hind margin. Eyes relatively large and protruding. Very coarse rugae present from genae to gaster tergite 1. Posterior of eyes longitudinal rugae reaching occipital margin that ends in small, blunt teeth. Clypeus entirely covered with very dense puncturation, medially approximately rectangularly protruded; tip often slightly rounded. Mandibles with coarse punctures and more or less strongly developed striation. Pronotum with transverse-elliptical rugae. Rugae on mesopleura and propodeum sides more or less oblique. Posterior face and lateral faces of propodeum not separated by ridges, ventrally with blunt edge. Petiole appearing moderately stout in dorsal aspect, its sides anteriorly converging; spines very long and distant; subpetiolar process shallowly concave, laterally carinate, anterior and posterior corners weakly protruding, posterior one varying from obtuse to slightly acute; ventral outline with short, dense pilosity. Gaster tergite 1 with coarse, concentric, semi-circular or semi-elliptical rugae; along posterior margin coarsely punctured. Gaster tergite 2 with very fine and dense puncturation, slightly shiny.

Pilosity: Standing setae on trunk long and numerous, on mesosoma shorter than on head and gaster. Short appressed pilosity almost uniformly developed, relatively dense, but thin; only on hind margin of pronotum, on mesonotum and dorsum of propodeum more distinct. Standing setae on legs about as long as those on mesosoma, setae on scape short.

Colour: Trunk black; clypeus in some specimens brown; on gaster posterior margins of tergites and apex pale brown. Antennae blackish. Mandibles and legs dark brown; forecoxa black; tarsi infuscated.

Type Material

Laciny et al. (2015) - Holotype, Singapore Oxford University Museum of Natural History (CASENT0901342).

The following notes on F. Smith type specimens have been provided by Barry Bolton (details):

Ponera geometrica

Holotype worker in Oxford University Museum of Natural History. Labelled “SING 3” (= Singapore) and with a Donisthorpe type-label.

References

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

Chapman, J. W., and Capco, S. R. 1951. Check list of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Asia. Monogr. Inst. Sci. Technol. Manila 1: 1-327
Emery C. 1887. Catalogo delle formiche esistenti nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Parte terza. Formiche della regione Indo-Malese e dell'Australia (continuazione e fine). [concl.]. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. 25(5): 427-473.
Emery C. 1893. Formicides de l'Archipel Malais. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 1: 187-229.
Emery C. 1897. Revisione del genere Diacamma Mayr. Rendiconti delle Sessioni della Reale Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna (n.s.)1: 147-167.
Emery C. 1899. Intorno alle larve di alcune formiche. Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Ist. Bologna (5) 8: 3-10.
Emery C. 1901. Formiciden von Celebes. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 14:565-580.
Emery C. 1911. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Ponerinae. Genera Insectorum 118: 1-125.
Emery, C.. "Catalogo delle formiche esistenti nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Parte terza. Formiche della regione Indo-Malese e dell'Australia (continuazione e fine)." Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria (Genova) (2) 5, no. 25 (1887): 427-473.
Emery, C.. "Voyage de MM. Bedot et Pictet dans l'Archipel Malais. Formicides de l'Archipel Malais." Revue Suisse de Zoologie 1 (1893): 187-229.
Forel A. 1901. Formiciden aus dem Bismarck-Archipel, auf Grundlage des von Prof. Dr. F. Dahl gesammelten Materials. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 2: 4-37.
Forel A. 1901. Nouvelles espèces de Ponerinae. (Avec un nouveau sous-genre et une espèce nouvelle d'Eciton). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 9: 325-353.
Forel A. 1907. Formiciden aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg. II. Teil. Neueingänge seit 1900. Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hambg. 24: 1-20.
Forel A. 1912. Ameisen aus Java beobachtet und gesammelt von Edward Jacobson. III. Theil. Notes Leyden Mus. 34: 97-112
Forel A. 1913k. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise nach Ostindien ausgeführt im Auftrage der Kgl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin von H. v. Buttel-Reepen. II. Ameisen aus Sumatra, Java, Malacca und Ceylon. Gesammelt von Herrn Prof. Dr. v. Buttel-Reepen in den Jahren 1911-1912. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 36:1-148.
Hua Li-zhong. 2006. List of Chinese insects Vol. IV. Pages 262-273. Sun Yat-sen university Press, Guangzhou. 539 pages.
Karavaiev V. 1935. Neue Ameisen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet, nebst Revision einiger Formen. Treubia 15: 57-118.
Laciny A., A. Pal, and H. Zettel. 2015. Taxonomic notes on the ant genus Diacamma Mayr, 1862 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), part 1. Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischer Entomologen 67: 83-136.
Li Z.h. 2006. List of Chinese Insects. Volume 4. Sun Yat-sen University Press
Radchenko A. G. 1993. Ants from Vietnam in the collection of the Institute of Zoology, PAS, Warsaw. I. Pseudomyrmicinae, Dorylinae, Ponerinae. Annales Zoologici (Warsaw) 44: 75-82.
Santschi F. 1928. Fourmis de Sumatra, récoltées par Mr. J. B. Corporaal. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 71: 119-140.
Wheeler W. M. 1919. The ants of Borneo. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 63:43-147.
Wheeler W. M. 1930. A list of the known Chinese ants. Peking Natural History Bulletin 5: 53-81.