Camponotus aurocinctus

Camponotus aurocinctus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Formicinae
Tribe:	Camponotini
Genus:	Camponotus
Species:	C. aurocinctus
Binomial name
Camponotus aurocinctus (Smith, F., 1858) Specimen labels
Synonyms
Camponotus midas Froggatt, 1896

Camponotus aurocinctus is ground nesting, shows a strong preference for sandy soils and is most often found as foragers during daylight hours on the ground or on low vegetation. It has observed at Stockyard Plain and Danggali Conservation Park, South Australia, foraging in the vicinity of Camponotus terebrans.

Photo Gallery

• 

  Camponotus aurocinctus worker from near Uluru, Northern Territory. Photo by Steve Shattuck.

Identification

This species belongs to the C. wiederkehri species group. Members of this group can be separated from other Australian Camponotus by the presence of a cluster of four or more distinct elongate curved or “J”-shaped hairs on the base of the mentum (near the posterior region of the buccal cavity) in all worker castes. In a few species related to C. ephippium similar hairs are present but these are scattered along the length of the mentum rather than being present as a posterior cluster.

C. aurocinctus can be identified within this group be having the following characters:

Tibiae lacking erect hairs. In minors, metanotal groove depressed below the level of the anterior region of the propodeum; dorsal surface of petiolar node relatively long and flat, its anterior face much shorter than the posterior face. Mesosoma uniform in colour, varying from dark red-black to black, anterior region of first gastral tergite similar in colour to propodeum, gastral tergites often with the trailing edge golden yellow, the golden colour (when present) varying in width from a narrow band to involving most of the tergite.

Keys including this Species

• Key to Australian Camponotus species

Distribution

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: -21.15° to -35.43333333°.

North Temperate	North Subtropical	Tropical	South Subtropical	South Temperate

• Source: AntMaps

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Australasian Region: Australia (type locality).

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.

Castes

Images from AntWeb

Worker. Specimen code casent0172174. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by ANIC, Canberra, Australia.

Worker. Specimen code casent0172175. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by ANIC, Canberra, Australia.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

• aurocinctus. Formica aurocincta Smith, F. 1858b: 39 (w.) AUSTRALIA (South Australia).
  • Type-material: holotype (?) worker.
  • [Note: no indication of number of specimens is given.]
  • Type-locality: Australia: South Australia, Adelaide (no collector’s name).
  • Type-depository: BMNH.
  • Viehmeyer, 1914b: 45 (s.).
  • Combination in Camponotus: Mayr, 1886c: 355;
  • combination in C. (Myrmosphincta): Forel, 1914a: 273;
  • combination in C. (Myrmosaulus): Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705.
  • Status as species: Mayr, 1863: 412; Mayr, 1886c: 355; Dalla Torre, 1893: 222; Viehmeyer, 1914b: 45 (redescription); Emery, 1925b: 114; Taylor & Brown, 1985: 110; Taylor, 1987a: 11; Bolton, 1995b: 87; Shattuck & McArthur, 2002: 67 (redescription); McArthur, 2007a: 312; McArthur, 2010: 52; McArthur, 2014: 162.
  • Senior synonym of midas: Shattuck & McArthur, 2002: 67; McArthur, 2007a: 294; McArthur, 2010: 52.
  • Distribution: Australia.
• midas. Camponotus midas Froggatt, 1896: 390, pl. 27, figs. 6-9 (s.w.q.) AUSTRALIA (Northern Territory).
  • Type-material: syntype major and minor workers, syntype queens (numbers not stated).
  • [Note: Shattuck & McArthur, 2002: 67, cite 12w, 2q syntypes (1w, 1q AMSC, 3w BMNH, 7w, 1q MCZC, 1w MVMA); they also cite 1m MCZC, not mentioned in the original description.]
  • Type-locality: Australia: Northern Territory, James Range, Illamurta (E.C. Cowle).
  • Type-depositories: AMSC, BMNH, MCZC, MVMA.
  • Combination in C. (Myrmophyma): Emery, 1925b: 111;
  • combination in C. (Myrmosaulus): Clark, 1930c: 22.
  • Status as species: Emery, 1898a: 226; Emery, 1925b: 111; Clark, 1930c: 22; Taylor & Brown, 1985: 117; Taylor, 1987a: 13; Bolton, 1995b: 111.
  • Junior synonym of aurocinctus: Shattuck & McArthur, 2002: 67; McArthur, 2007a: 294; McArthur, 2010: 52.

Type Material

• Camponotus midas Froggatt, 1896: Syntype, 1 worker (missing from point) and 1 queen, Illamurta, James Range, Northern Territory, Australia, Australian Museum.
• Camponotus midas Froggatt, 1896: Syntype, 6 workers (probably types), Central Australia, Australia, The Natural History Museum.
• Camponotus midas Froggatt, 1896: Syntype, 3 workers, Illamurta, James Range, Northern Territory, Australia, The Natural History Museum.
• Camponotus midas Froggatt, 1896: Syntype, 7 workers, 1 queen, 1 male, Illamurta, James Range, Northern Territory, Australia, Museum of Comparative Zoology.
• Camponotus midas Froggatt, 1896: Syntype, 1 worker, Illamurta, James Range, Northern Territory, Australia, Museum Victoria, Melbourne.
• Formica aurocincta Smith, 1858: Syntype, worker, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, The Natural History Museum.

Notes on Type Material

Camponotus aurocintus. Worker holotype or syntypes from Adelaide, South Australia. A single specimen (minor worker) in BMNH is labelled as the type of this species. However, this specimen was acquired in 1870, several years after the original description was published. It is currently not known whether the acquisition date is in error or the type specimen is lost. Shattuck & McArthur (2002) considered this specimen to be a type specimen for this name.

Camponotus midas. Syntypes from Illamurta, Northern Territory (1 worker (missing from point) and 1 queen in AMSA; 7 workers, 1 queen and 1 male in MCZC; I worker in MVMA; 3 workers in BMNH (with an additional 6 workers labelled as "C. Australia, Horn Coll., 96-37" and bearing a Type label).

Synonyms

Camponotus midas, established by Froggatt (1896), is a synonym of C. aurocinctus. Froggatt made no mention of C. aurocinctus in his description of C. midas and it is unclear if he was aware of C. aurocinctus, and if so, how it differed from his species. Clark (1930a) redescribed C. midas and separated it from C. aurocinctus "by the shape of the thorax and node, and the colour of the gaster. In C. aurocincta the posterior margin of the segments is narrowly yellow. In midas the whole of the segments, except the base of the first, are entirely bright golden yellow." Unfortunately, the currently available material shows that all of these characters are highly variable. Many show an east-west clinal pattern, with several changing rapidly across central South Australia. For example, C. aurocinctus specimens from Western Australia are generally darker and hairier (especially on the underside of the head) compared to those from eastern South Australia eastward. The western populations also tend to have broader bands of golden yellow on the gaster with completely black gasters essentially unknown. In contrast, eastern populations often have narrow bands or lack banding completely, the gasters being uniformly black. Other characters, such as the depth of the metanotal groove and the relative length of the petiolar node, vary considerably within local areas or within single nest series. This variation suggests that a single widespread and variable species is involved rather than two (or more) separate species.

Description

Major worker. Anterior clypeal margin weakly convex. Dorsal surfaces of pronotum and mesonotum convex and separated by a shallow angle; propodeum uniformly convex and without a distinct angle; petiolar node with distinct anterior and posterior faces, its upper surface varying from a broad, blunt angle to uniformly convex and sometimes with the medial section nearly flat. Erect hairs absent from scapes, petiole and tibiae, absent or a few scattered hairs on the outline of head and dorsum of mesosoma and gaster; underside of head with none to about 30. Body varying from dark red to red-black, the head and dorsal surfaces of pronotum and mesonotum sometimes darker than the lateral mesonotum, propodeum, legs and petiole; gaster reddish black with yellow-gold banding along the posterior edge of each segment which varies from being absent to involving the entire visible portion of the segment.

Minor worker. Anterior clypeal margin convex to broadly angular. Dorsal surfaces of pronotum and mesonotum convex and separated by a shallow, broad angle, the posterior metanotum ending in the metanotal groove; metanotal groove distinct, separated from the anterior propodeum by a short face which varies from steep to gentle; dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum flat to weakly concave and separated by a broad, gentle angle. Anterior face of petiolar node short and separated from the dorsal face by a sharp angle, dorsal face elongate and flat to weakly concave and separated from the posterior face by a broad, rounded angle, posterior face flat. Erect hairs absent from scapes and legs, absent or with a few scattered hairs on the outline of head, mesosoma, petiole and gaster; underside of head with up to about 30 hairs. Body varying from red to red-black, head and sometimes propodeum, petiole and middle and hind legs usually slightly lighter than the pronotum; gaster dark reddish black and sometimes with yellow-gold banding along the posterior margin of each segment which varies from narrow to involving the entire visible segment, in which case the gaster is completely yellow-gold.

Measurements

Workers (n=20). CI 0.80 (minors) - 1.22 (majors); HL 2.04mm - 4.05mm; HW 1.63mm - 4.94mm; ML 3.68mm - 5.14mm; MTL 2.58mm - 3.14mm; SI 0.63 (majors) - 1.53 (minors); SL 2.50mm - 3.00mm

• CI: Cephalic index: HW/HL.
• HL: Maximum head length in full face view, measured from the anterior-most point of the clypeal margin to the midpoint of a line drawn across the posterior margin of the head.
• HW: Maximum head width in full face view excluding the eyes.
• ML: Mesosomal length measured from the anterior margin of the pronotal collar to the posterior extension of the propodeum lobes.
• MTL: Maximum length of mid tibia, excluding the proximal part of the articulation which is received into the distal end of the femur.
• SI: Scape index: SL/HW.
• SL: Length of the scape (first antennal segment) excluding the basal neck and condyle.

Karyotype

The karyotype of this species was discussed by Imai et at (1977) (as Camponotus sp. 8).

References

• Bolton, B. 1995b. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 504 pp. (page 87, catalogue)
• Forel, A. 1914a. Le genre Camponotus Mayr et les genres voisins. Rev. Suisse Zool. 22: 257-276 (page 273, combination in C. (Myrmosphincta))
• Heterick, B.E. 2021. A guide to the ants of Western Australia. Part I: Systematics. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 86, 1-245 (doi:10.18195/issn.0313-122x.86.2021.001-245).
• Heterick, B.E. 2022. A guide to the ants of Western Australia. Part II: Distribution and biology. Records of the Western Australian Museum, supplement 86: 247-510 (doi:10.18195/issn.0313-122x.86.2022.247-510).
• Mayr, G. 1886c. Notizen über die Formiciden-Sammlung des British Museum in London. Verh. K-K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 36: 353-368 (page 355, combination in Camponotus)
• Shattuck, S. O.; McArthur, A. J. 2002. A taxonomic revision of the Camponotus wiederkehri and perjurus species-groups (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 126: 63-90 (page 67, Senior synonym of midas; new synonymy)
• Smith, F. 1858b. Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae. London: British Museum, 216 pp. (page 39, worker described)
• Viehmeyer, H. 1914b. Neue und unvollständig bekannte Ameisen der alten Welt. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 79 (A.12) (1913): 24-60. (page 45, soldier described)
• Wheeler, W. M. 1922i. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. VII. Keys to the genera and subgenera of ants. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 45: 631-710 (page 705, combination in C. (Myrmosaulus))

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

• Shattuck S. O., A . J. McArthur. 2002. A taxonomic revision of the Camponotus wiederkehri and perjurus species-groups (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 126: 63-90.
• Taylor R. W., and D. R. Brown. 1985. Formicoidea. Zoological Catalogue of Australia 2: 1-149.