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Vitsika producta
| Vitsika producta | |
|---|---|
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Formicidae |
| Subfamily: | Myrmicinae |
| Tribe: | Crematogastrini |
| Genus: | Vitsika |
| Species: | V. producta |
| Binomial name | |
| Vitsika producta (Bolton & Fisher, 2014)
| |
V. producta has mostly been retrieved from rotten logs and leaf litter samples in rainforest, but it also ascends low vegetation while foraging.
Identification
Very similar to, and mostly matching the description of, Vitsika brevis, but the antenna with a 4- or 5- segmented club rather than an obviously 3-segmented club. The 4-segmented club is achieved by the elongation of funiculus segment 8, so that it is 1.55–1.75 × longer than broad (segment 8 is only 1.00–1.25 times longer than broad in brivis). This elongation of funiculus segment 8 brings its length closer to that of segment 9, so that funiculus segment 9 is only 1.00–1.20 × longer than segment 8 (in brivis segment 9 is relatively elongated, 1.70–2.00 × longer than funiculus segment 8). In some workers (and in the ergatoid) funiculus segment 7 is also somewhat elongated, so that the club appears weakly 5-segmented. Additionally, the antennal scape is relatively longer in producta, SI 115–129, than in brivis, SI 99–111. Finally, the head capsule of producta averages relatively slightly narrower, CI 75–80, as opposed to CI 79–85 in brevis.
Distribution
Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Malagasy Region: Madagascar (type locality).
Distribution based on AntMaps
Distribution based on AntWeb specimens
Check data from AntWeb
Countries Occupied
| Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species. |
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Estimated Abundance
| Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species. |
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Biology
Castes
Worker
Images from AntWeb
   
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| Worker. Specimen code casent0161774. Photographer Michele Esposito, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. | Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA. |
   
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| Holotype of Vitsika producta. Worker. Specimen code casent0344920. Photographer Michele Esposito, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. | Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA. |
Male
Images from AntWeb
    
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| Male (alate). Specimen code casent0143821. Photographer Dimby Raharinjanahary, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. | Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA. |
     
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| Male (alate). Specimen code casent0138642. Photographer Dimby Raharinjanahary, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. | Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA. |
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- producta. Myrmisaraka producta Bolton & Fisher, 2014: 37, figs. 33-35, Map 133 (w.eq.m.) MADAGASCAR.
- Combination in Vitsika: Fisher & Bolton, 2016: 448.
Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.
Description
Worker
(holotype in parentheses). TL 4.5–5.3 (4.9), HL 0.94–1.09 (1.00), HW 0.73–0.85 (0.77), CI 75–80 (77), SL 0.89–1.10 (0.94), SI 115–129 (122), PW 0.56–0.66 (0.58), WL 1.25–1.42 (1.34), MfL 1.04–1.30 (1.14) (20 measured).
Mandibles finely longitudinally costulate. Pair of setae that straddle midpoint of anterior clypeal margin short and fine, closely approximated, arising within the small concave median notch in the anterior clypeal margin; infrequently only a single seta present. Median portion of clypeus with a series of 4–6 longitudinal rugulae, the median obsolete or obliterated. Eyes large and strongly convex, dome-like, very obviously interrupting the outline of the side in full-face view, EL 0.24–0.30 (EL/HW 0.31–0.35). With head in full-face view the sides shallowly convex, converging posteriorly behind the eyes, the posterior corners broadly rounded and the posterior margin shallowly convex. Occipital carina strongly developed and extends for a short distance onto ventral surface of head, then rapidly peters out just in front of the posteroventral angle. Scapes long (SI 115 or more) with elevated pubescence and a number of short, fine curved setae that are suberect to subdecumbent and inclined toward the scape apex. Antenna with a 4- or 5- segmented club. The 4-segmented club is achieved by the elongation of funiculus segment 8, so that it is 1.55–1.75 × longer than broad. This elongation of funiculus segment 8 brings its length closer to that of segment 9, so that funiculus segment 9 is only 1.00–1.20 × longer than segment 8. In some workers (and in the ergatoid) funiculus segment 7 is also somewhat elongated, so that the club appears weakly 5-segmented. Sides and dorsum of head with numerous fine setae. Head predominantly irregularly longitudinally rugulose, with some cross-meshes, especially posteriorly; spaces between rugulae with feeble ground sculpture of superficial punctulae. Pronotum without an anterior transverse carina; promesonotal dorsum irregularly rugose and the sculpture more strongly expressed than on the head; propodeal dorsum irregularly rugose. In profile, sides of pronotum, metanotum and propodeum reticulate-rugulose, but on mesopleuron the rugulae somewhat stronger and predominantly longitudinal. Propodeal spines long (ca 0.35–0.36), slender and acute, distinctly longer than their basal width in profile; in dorsal view weakly divergent posteriorly. Legs relatively long and slender, MfL > 1.00. All femora and tibiae with outstanding fine setae on all surfaces. Subpetiolar process appears as a small tooth in profile, but in posterior view is seen as a transverse ridge. Peduncle of petiole in profile longer than the node, the latter evenly rounded dorsally. In dorsal view the postpetiole slightly broader than long and broader than the petiole node; postpetiole sides convex and divergent for more than three-quarters of their length, then convergent posteriorly. Sternite of postpetiole distinctly broader posteriorly than anteriorly. Sides and dorsum of petiole and postpetiole very weakly rugulose, but the sculpture almost effaced on the posterior surface of the petiole. First gastral tegite unsculptured. Dorsal surfaces of mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and first gastral tergite with numerous fine, simple setae; those on the propodeal dorsum confined to the posterior half of its length. Full adult colour uniform yellow to light brown.
Queen
Ergatoid. TL 5.2, HL 1.01, HW 0.81, CI 80, SL 0.98, SI 121, PW 0.61, WL 1.34, MfL 1.22 (1 measured). Eyes slightly larger than in worker, EL 0.30 (EL/HW 0.36); ocelli absent. Anterior clypeal margin medially has only a single seta, but this is off-centre and implies that one seta (the left) has been lost from an original pair. As in some workers funiculus segment 7 is lengthened, so that the club is weakly 5-segmented. Mesonotum enlarged and its margins more stongly defined. Promesonotal suture a broad, shallow impression and the posterior mesonotum defined in profile. Postpetiole and gaster in dorsal view distinctly broader than in worker. Maximum width of postpetiole in dorsal view 0.44–0.52 in worker, 0.65 in ergatoid; of gaster in dorsal view 0.78–0.93 in worker, 1.34 in ergatoid.
A single specimen out of 9 in series BLF 13148 (data below) also appears to represent an ergatoid, but it is not nearly so conspicuous as the one just discussed. Its mesosoma and waist segments are more like the ergatoid form than that of the workers, and the width of its postpetiole (0.54) and gaster (1.10), while much broader than in workers of the same series (0.44–0.50 and 0.85–0.93, respectively), are less than those of ergatoid BLF 8146 (0.65 and 1.34, respectively). Strangely, the head, scape and metafemur of this probable ergatoid are shorter than in the measured workers from the same series, with HL 0.99 (HL 1.02–1.09 in workers), HW 0.80 (HW 0.82–0.85 in workers), SL 0.91, SI 114 (SL 1.04–1.10 and SI 126–129 in workers), MfL 1.12 (MfL 1.26–1.30 in workers). It therefore seems that a range of morphological variation, between obvious worker and obvious ergatoid, is probable.
Male
Slightly smaller than workers. Mandible triangular and strongly dentate, with 9–10 teeth. Palp formula 5,3 (in situ count). Clypeus with an anterior apron. Antenna with 12 segments, long and filiform. SI 37–44. First funicular segment short, not globular, about one third the length of the second funicular segment. In full-face view eye either located behind midlength of head capsule, or occupying most of the side. Ocelli conspicuous. Mesotibia and metatibia each with a single simple spur. Notauli very reduced or absent, at most the anterior arms discernible as extremely feeble impressions. Mesopleuron with a marked transverse sulcus. Propodeum armed with a pair of small, triangular teeth, the spiracle at about the midlength of the sclerite; propodeal lobes rounded. Petiole with an anterior peduncle, the spiracle at about the midlength of the peduncle, well in front of the level of the node. Subpetiolar process present, small. Parameres large. Cerci present. Pilosity slender, fine and dense everywhere.
Forewing venation. Rs·f4–5 does not meet R·f3 on anterior margin of wing (= marginal cell open). 2rs-m absent. 1m-cu present. Fusion of Rs+M extended distally, so that 1m-cu arises from Rs+M, not from M. Rs·f3 present (Rs+M divides into Rs·f3 and M·f3–4 proximal of the junction with 2r-rs). A·f2 long, not merely a stub distal of cu-a, the latter is retracted toward the wing base and arises from M+Cu, proximal of the point where it divides into M·f1 and Cu·f1–2.
Type Material
Holotype worker, Madagascar: Prov. Toamasina, Ile St. Marie, 22.8 km. 44° Ambodifotatra, 20 m., 16.82433, 49.96417, 22.xi.2005, littoral rainforest, BLF 12906, CASENT0344920 (B.L. Fisher et al.) (California Academy of Sciences). Paratypes. 8 workers with same data as holotype but CASENT0344921 to CASENT0344928, inclusive (CASC, The Natural History Museum).
References
- Bolton, B. & Fisher, B.L. 2014. The Madagascan endemic myrmicine ants related to Eutetramorium (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): taxonomy of the genera Eutetramorium Emery, Malagidris nom. n., Myrmisaraka gen. n., Royidris gen. n., and Vitsika gen. n. Zootaxa 3791:1–99. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3791.1.1
- Fisher, B. L.; Bolton, B. 2016. Ants of Africa and Madagascar, a guide to the genus. University of California Press. 503pp.
References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics
- Blaimer B. B., S. G. Brady, T. R. Schultz, and B. L. Fisher. 2015. Fucntional and phylogenetic approaches reveal the evolution of diversity in a hyper diverse biota. Ecography 38: 001-012.