Solenopsis corticalis

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Solenopsis corticalis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Myrmicinae
Tribe: Solenopsidini
Genus: Solenopsis
Species complex: molesta
Species: S. corticalis
Binomial name
Solenopsis corticalis
Forel, 1881

Solenopsis corticalis casent0104500 profile 1.jpg

Solenopsis corticalis casent0104500 dorsal 1.jpg

Specimen labels

Synonyms

These ants nest in logs, under logs, in stumps, in forest litter and in the soil. Two nests were in the abandoned mounds of Solenopsis geminata, one in the abandoned mound of Solenopsis invicta. Sexuals are found in nests in June. Solenopsis corticalis was collected via surface, subterranean and vegetational traps (Vienna sausage, tuna fish), pitfall traps in a primary crown area and an in open area in Mexico and in wet montane cloud forest and oak forest in Panama. This species was collected in litter from wet cloud forest in Costa Rica and dry shrubland in Mexico. Moreover, S. corticalis was collected in litter from oak ridge forest, wet mountain cloud forest litter, montane/hardwood forest, pine forest and subterranean baits in Panama. Solenopsis corticalis was also collected at 1300 m in Peru. (Pacheco and Mackay 2013)

Identification

A New World thief ant that is a member of the molesta species complex. (Key to New World Solenopsis Species Complexes)

Pacheco and Mackay (2013) – Worker - The workers are small and yellow to golden yellow with the minor funicular segment length less than 0.120 mm in length. The lateral teeth are well developed while the extralateral teeth are absent. The clypeal carinae are well defined. It is a moderately hairy species with small eyes of 3-5 ommatidia. The petiole is robust and much wider than the postpetiole viewed laterally. Queen - The queen is small (less than 4.00 mm Total Length) and golden brown in color. The head is quadrate, smooth and shiny. What is striking about the gyne is the well-defined clypeal carinae. The petiolar peduncle has a thin ventral flange. Male - . The male is small (less than 3.00 mm TL) and is concolorous dark brown. The head is smooth and shiny and the medial ocellus is small. The mesosoma is smooth and shiny, but thin striae cover the propodeum. The petiolar node is angulate and is lacking a tooth or flange ventrally.

Solenopsis corticalis is similar to Solenopsis zeteki, which is found in many of the same areas. If queens are available, the queen of the former can be separated from the queen of S. zeteki as the eye is small (maximum diameter about 0.16 mm and 0.18 mm respectively). If queen are not present, the clypeal teeth of the workers of Solenopsis corticalis are more developed than those of S. zeteki.

Solenopsis corticalis is similar to Solenopsis tenuis (their distributions overlap) as well, but the clypeal teeth are more developed than S. tenuis. Solenopsis tenuis can be distinguished by its darker brown color. If queen are available, the queen of S. corticalis is yellow to golden brown, while that of S. tenuis is dark brown.

Keys including this Species

Distribution

Mexico (Chiapas, Tabasco, Veracruz) south to Panama (Chiriqui), western Peru and southeastern Brazil, Caribbean Region (Puerto Rico and Cuba).

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 23.133° to 8.786944444°.

 
North
Temperate 		North
Subtropical 		Tropical South
Subtropical 		South
Temperate

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Nearctic Region: United States.
Neotropical Region: Brazil (type locality), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba (type locality), French Guiana, Greater Antilles, Guatemala, Guyana, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru (type locality), Puerto Rico, Suriname, United States Virgin Islands.

Distribution based on AntMaps

AntMapLegend.png

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.
pChart

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.
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Biology

Deyrup, Davis and Cover (2000): This species appears to be a complex, and the distribution records are therefore not reliable. Solenopsis corticalis was first reported from Florida in 1988 (Deyrup et al.), but there are specimens from the southeast coast dating back to 1945 (Thompson 1989). It should have been found in Wilson's survey of the Florida Keys (1964) if it had been as abundant then as it is now. If this species continues to show obvious changes in range and abundance we will be even more inclined to consider it an exotic.

Castes

Worker

Images from AntWeb

Solenopsis corticalis margotae casent0103207 head 1.jpgSolenopsis corticalis margotae casent0103207 profile 1.jpgSolenopsis corticalis margotae casent0103207 dorsal 1.jpgSolenopsis corticalis margotae casent0103207 label 1.jpg
Lectotype of Solenopsis corticalis margotae. Worker. Specimen code casent0103207. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by MHNG, Geneva, Switzerland.

Queen

Images from AntWeb

Solenopsis corticalis casent0104498 head 1.jpgSolenopsis corticalis casent0104498 profile 1.jpgSolenopsis corticalis casent0104498 dorsal 1.jpgSolenopsis corticalis casent0104498 label 1.jpg
Queen (alate/dealate). Specimen code casent0104498. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by ABS, Lake Placid, FL, USA.
Solenopsis corticalis margotae casent0103199 head 1.jpgSolenopsis corticalis margotae casent0103199 profile 1.jpgSolenopsis corticalis margotae casent0103199 dorsal 1.jpgSolenopsis corticalis margotae casent0103199 label 1.jpg
Queen (alate/dealate). Specimen code casent0103199. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by MHNG, Geneva, Switzerland.

Male

Images from AntWeb

Solenopsis corticalis casent0104499 head 1.jpgSolenopsis corticalis casent0104499 profile 1.jpgSolenopsis corticalis casent0104499 profile 2.jpgSolenopsis corticalis casent0104499 dorsal 1.jpgSolenopsis corticalis casent0104499 label 1.jpg
Male (alate). Specimen code casent0104499. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by ABS, Lake Placid, FL, USA.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

  • corticalis. Solenopsis corticalis Forel, 1881: 13 (w.q.) VIRGIN IS (St Thomas I.).
    • Type-material: lectotype worker (by designation of Pacheco & Mackay, 2013: 144), 5 paralectotype workers, 1 paralectotype queen.
    • Type-locality: lectotype Virgin Is: St Thomas I., 11-16.x.1878 (A. Forel); paralectotypes with same data.
    • Type-depository: MHNG.
    • Pacheco & Mackay, 2013: 143 (m.).
    • Status as species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 75; Emery, 1896g: 84 (in key); Forel, 1899c: 80; Wheeler, W.M. 1908a: 131; Forel, 1912g: 8; Wheeler, W.M. 1913b: 494; Forel, 1914e: 11; Mann, 1920: 428; Emery, 1922e: 199; Menozzi, 1927c: 268; Wheeler, W.M. & Bequaert, 1929: 31; Santschi, 1930e: 78; Wheeler, W.M. 1936b: 200; Smith, M.R. 1937: 837; Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 203; Ettershank, 1966: 140; Kempf, 1972a: 234; Alayo, 1974: 14 (in key); Thompson, 1989: 271 (in key); Thompson & Johnson, 1989: 698 (in key); Deyrup, et al. 1989: 96; Brandão, 1991: 379; Bolton, 1995b: 387; Deyrup, 2003: 47; Pacheco & Mackay, 2013: 142 (redescription); Bezděčková, et al. 2015: 121; Wetterer, 2021: 3.
    • Senior synonym of amazonensis: Pacheco & Mackay, 2013: 142.
    • Senior synonym of binotata: Pacheco & Mackay, 2013: 142.
    • Senior synonym of margotae: Pacheco & Mackay, 2013: 142.
    • Senior synonym of virgula: Pacheco & Mackay, 2013: 142.
    • Distribution: Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, St Vincent & the Grenadines, Virgin Is.
  • amazonensis. Solenopsis corticalis r. amazonensis Forel, 1904e: 680 (w.q.) PERU.
    • Type-material: lectotype worker (by designation of Pacheco & Mackay, 2013: 145), 5 paralectotype workers
    • [Note: original syntype queens not mentioned by Pacheco & Mackay.]
    • Type-locality: lectotype Peru: Cerro de Escaler, ca 1300 m., xi.1902 (E. Ule); paralectotypes with same data.
    • Type-depository: MHNG.
    • Subspecies of corticalis: Crawley, 1916b: 370; Emery, 1922e: 199; Menozzi, 1935b: 196; Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 203; Ettershank, 1966: 139; Kempf, 1972a: 234; Bolton, 1995b: 386.
    • Junior synonym of corticalis: Pacheco & Mackay, 2013: 142.
  • binotata. Solenopsis corticalis var. binotata Mann, 1920: 428 (w.) CUBA.
    • Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
    • Type-locality: Cuba: San Antonio del Sul (W.M. Mann).
    • Type-depositories: AMNH, USNM.
    • Subspecies of corticalis: Kempf, 1972a: 234; Alayo, 1974: 35; Bolton, 1995b: 386.
    • Junior synonym of corticalis: Pacheco & Mackay, 2013: 142.
  • margotae. Solenopsis corticalis subsp. margotae Forel, 1908c: 364 (w.q.) BRAZIL (São Paulo).
    • Type-material: lectotype worker (by designation of Pacheco & Mackay, 2013: 145), 2 paralectotype workers, 3 paralectotype queens.
    • Type-locality: lectotype Brazil: São Paulo (von Ihering) ; paralectotypes with same data.
    • Type-depository: MHNG.
    • Subspecies of corticalis: Forel, 1911c: 298; Forel, 1912g: 8; Luederwaldt, 1918: 42; Emery, 1922e: 199; Borgmeier, 1927c: 103; Ettershank, 1966: 142; Kempf, 1972a: 234; Bolton, 1995b: 389.
    • Junior synonym of corticalis: Pacheco & Mackay, 2013: 142.
  • virgula. Solenopsis corticalis var. virgula Forel, 1904d: 172 (w.) CUBA.
    • Type-material: lectotype worker (by designation of Pacheco & Mackay, 2013: 144), 1 paralectotype worker.
    • Type-locality: lectotype Cuba: (no further data) (“coll. Ballion, ex-coll. Puls”); paralectotype with same data.
    • [Note: other original syntype workers in MRHN.]
    • Type-depository: MHNG.
    • Menozzi, 1929a: 2 (q.).
    • Subspecies of corticalis: Wheeler, W.M. 1905b: 124; Wheeler, W.M. 1913b: 494; Menozzi, 1929a: 2; Ettershank, 1966: 144; Kempf, 1972a: 234; Alayo, 1974: 35; Bolton, 1995b: 391.
    • Junior synonym of corticalis: Pacheco & Mackay, 2013: 142.

Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.

Description

Worker

Pacheco and Mackay (2013) - Measurements (n=20). TL 1.02-1.56 (1.29); HL 0.300-0.420 (0.378); HW 0.276-0.348 (0.313); EL 0.030-0.048 (0.038); ED 0.024-0.030 (0.028); SL 0.222-0.294 (0.258); FSL 0.078-0.120 (0.102); CI 78.1-92.0 (82.9); SI 61.5-80.0 (68.4); PL 0.054-0.078 (0.066); PW 0.078-0.090 (0.085); PI 64.3-92.9 (77.1); PPL 0.066-0.096 (0.084); PPW 0.102-0.108 (0.105); PPI 64.7-88.9 (80.5); WL 0.240-0.330 (0.268); PSL 0.018-0.030 (0.025); PSW 0.018-0.030 (0.021).

Small, concolorous pale yellow to golden yellow; head subquadrate, longer than wide; lateral clypeal teeth angulate, extralateral teeth absent; clypeal carinae well defined; eye small, 3-5 ommatidia; scape does not reach posterior lateral comer of head; minor funicular segments 3 -8 short; pronotum and mesopleuron smooth and shiny, metapleuron horizontally striated; posterior propodeal margin rounded, propodeal spiracle small; petiole robust, wider than postpetiole viewed laterally; petiolar peduncle lacking tooth or flange ventrally.

Moderately hairy; erect and suberect hairs of various lengths covering all body surfaces; hairs on head short, longest 0.090 mm; hairs on petiole and postpetiole curve posteriorly.

Queen

Pacheco and Mackay (2013) - Measurements (n=6). TL 2.64-4.08 (3.34); HL 0.480-0.630 (0.560); HW 0.390-0.528 (0.453); EL 0.138-0.192 (0.167); ED 0.114-0.156 (0.137); MOL 0.042-0.066 (0.046); MOD 0.042-0.060 (0.055); SL 0.282-0.421 (0.357); FSL 0.120-0.210 (0.175); CI 76.5-83.8 (80.8); SI 58.8-66.8 (63.4); PSL 0.042-0.066 (0.057); PSW 0.030-0.054 (0.048); PL 0.102-0.132 (0.113); PW 0.156-0.240 (0.201); PI 50.0-65.4 (57.3); PPL 0.132-0.180 (0.157); PPW 0.150-0.264 (0.211); PPI 63.6-92.0 (76.8); WL 0.600-0.840 (0.715).

Medium sized, concolorous golden brown; head subquadrate, longer than wide, finely punctate, smooth and shiny between punctures; lateral clypeal teeth angulate, extralateral positions with bumps; clypeal carinae well defined; pronotum, mesopleuron smooth and shiny; metapleuron horizontally striated; posterior propodeal margin with slight angle; petiole wider than postpetiole viewed laterally; petiolar node forming rounded triangle, with thin flange ventrally; postpetiole globose, lacking tooth or flange ventrally.

Abundantly hairy; erect and suberect hairs cover all body surfaces; most hairs on mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole curve posteriorly.

Male

Pacheco and Mackay (2013) - Measurements (n=4). TL 2.40-2.76 (2.55); HL 0.378-0.390 (0.384); HW 0.390; EL 0.180; ED 0.150-0.156 (0.153); MOL 0.054-0.060 (0.057); MOD 0.066; SL 0.168-0.174 (0.169); FSL 0.720; CI 100-103 (102); SI 43.1-45.3 (44.1); PSL 0.054-0.065 (0.058); PSW 0.060; PL 0.078; PW 0.150-0.162 (0.159); PI 48.1-52.0 (49.1); PPL 0.150-0.156 (0.152); PPW 0.180; PPI 83.3-86.7 (84.2); WL 0.720.

Small, concolorous dark brown; head wider than long, without sculpturing; clypeus convex, lacking tooth or angles; eyes large; medial ocellus small; pronotum, mesopleuron smooth, shiny; propodeum finely striate; posterior propodeal margin rounded; petiole wider than postpetiole viewed laterally; petiolar node angulate, lacking tooth or flange ventrally; postpetiolar node rounded.

Abundantly hairy, long (0.015 mm) erect and suberect hairs cover all body surfaces; hairs on petiole and postpetiole curve posteriorly.

Type Material

Pacheco and Mackay (2013) - Antilles Is., St. Thomas, (lectotype worker, 5 paralectotype workers and paralectotype queen [here designated] Musee d'Histoire Naturelle Genève). Solenopsis corticalis virgula, Cuba, Coll Ballion, ex. coll Puls., Forel coll. (lectotype worker [here designated] and 1 paralectotype worker, MHNG). Solenopsis corticalis amazonensis, Peru, Cerro de Escaler, 1300m, Nov. 1902, Tillandria 6602, Forel Coll. (lectotype worker [here designated] and 5 paralectotype workers MHNG). Solenopsis corticalis margotae, Brazil, Sao Paolo, (v. Ihering), Forel coll. (lectotype worker [here designated], 2 paralectotype workers, 3 paralectotype queens MHNG).

References

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

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