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Proceratium longigaster
| Proceratium longigaster | |
|---|---|
| |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Formicidae |
| Subfamily: | Proceratiinae |
| Tribe: | Proceratiini |
| Genus: | Proceratium |
| Species: | P. longigaster |
| Binomial name | |
| Proceratium longigaster Karavaiev, 1935
| |
Proceratium longigaster seems to be widespread in suitable forest habitats in south and east China and adjacent countries.
Identification
Staab et al. (2018) - Proceratium longigaster differs from the other east Asian members of the Proceratium silaceum clade by the following character combination: medium-sized species (WL 0.75–0.89); sides of head slightly convex, broadest directly above the level of eyes; anterior clypeal margin not protruding and slightly notched; frontal carinae well developed and widely separated, with large lamellae that extend laterally above the antennal insertions and reach posteriorly about half the distance to the level of eyes; frontal furrow strongly developed; petiole squamiform; in profile, narrowing dorsally, the base clearly broader than the apex; in dorsal view, relatively wide (DPeI ≥155); subpetiolar process developed, subtriangular, directing backwards and relatively acute; sculpture deeply impressed, on abdominal segment III irregularly granular to reticulate (more so on dorsum); very hairy species; in addition to dense pubescence, many appressed to erect hairs present on entire body; abundant, long appressed, shaggy hairs project from LT3 distinctly over the constriction between LT3 and LT4.
This is a poorly known species. Since the single type specimen was not available for examination, Baroni Urbani and de Andrade (2003) were unable to formally treat it in their monograph. Karavaiev’s (1935) type specimen is lodged in the Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology (Kiev, Ukraine) and cannot be obtained as a loan. Fortunately, though, it has recently been imaged and the montage photos are available on AntWeb (CASENT0916806). Our new specimens agree with the type and the accounts of Xu (2000). Thus, with a note of caution, we feel confident enough to treat the specimens from Zhejiang Province as Proceratium longigaster.
The only other Proceratium silaceum clade species known from China and east Asia is Proceratium japonicum, from which Proceratium longigaster can be separated by the shape of the petiolar node, the frontal carinae, and the pilosity, among other characters (see the accounts for Proceratium japonicum above).
Volumetric raw data (in DICOM format), a 3D rotation video (in .mp4 format, see Suppl. material9: Video 7), still images of surface volume rendering, a 3D surface (in PLY format), and montage photos illustrating the head, profile and dorsal views of the body of a non-type specimen (CASENT0790673) were all generated as part of this study (Staab et al 2018). Data and images are freely available for download from a Dryad repository (there is a download link at the top right of the webpage) and a 3D surface model can be viewed online at Sketchfab.
Keys including this Species
Distribution
Latitudinal Distribution Pattern
Latitudinal Range: 29.250833° to 29.250833°.
| North Temperate |
North Subtropical |
Tropical | South Subtropical |
South Temperate |
- Source: AntMaps
Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Oriental Region: Vietnam (type locality).
Palaearctic Region: China.
Distribution based on AntMaps
Distribution based on AntWeb specimens
Check data from AntWeb
Countries Occupied
| Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species. |
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Estimated Abundance
| Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species. |
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Biology
Staab et al. (2018) - The type locality is at ca. 1400 m asl in the Bà Nà hills close to Đà Nẵng city (referred to as Tourane in the original description), central Vietnam. The species is also known form Nangongshan Mountain, Mengla County, Yunnan Province (Xu 2000) (1525 m asl) and from Hunan Province (Guénard and Dunn 2012). In the places where it is known, specimens were collected from the ground in evergreen broadleaved forest. The new record from the Gutianshan National Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province, is no exception in being from the same forest type albeit at lower elevation (890 m asl) and marks the easternmost distribution of the species. Thus, Proceratium longigaster seems to be widespread in suitable forest habitats in south and east China and adjacent countries. No direct observations of biology and natural history are available.
Castes
Worker
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X-ray micro-CT scan 3D model of Proceratium longigaster (worker) prepared by the Economo lab at OIST.
See on Sketchfab. See list of 3D images.
 Staab et al. 2018. Figure 21. Still images from surface display volume renderings of 3D model of Proceratium longigaster nontype worker (CASENT0790673). A Body in profile B Body in dorsal view C Head in dorsal view D Head in anterodorsal view E Head in anterior view F Head in ventral view G Head in profile H Mesosoma in profile I Mesosoma in dorsal view J Propodeum in osterodorsal view K Abdominal segment II and parts of III in profile L Abdominal segment II and parts of III in dorsal view M Abdominal segments II–VII in profile N Abdominal segment III and parts of II and IV in dorsal view O Abdominal segments II–VII in ventral view. |
Images from AntWeb
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| Holotype of Proceratium longigaster. Worker. Specimen code casent0916806. Photographer Flavia Esteves, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. | Owned by SIZK, Kiev, Ukraine. |
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- longigaster. Proceratium longigaster Karavaiev, 1935a: 59, fig. 2 (w.) VIETNAM.
- Type-material: holotype worker.
- Type-locality: Vietnam (“Central Annam”): Bana, 1400 m., nr Tourane, 30.ix.1931, Nr 5663 (K. Davydov).
- Type-depository: SIZK.
- Status as species: Chapman & Capco, 1951: 77; Brown, 1958g: 248; Bolton, 1995b: 366; Xu, 2000c: 436 (redescription); Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003b: 438; Xu, 2006: 153 (in key); Zhou & Ran, 2010: 111; Guénard & Dunn, 2012: 62; Staab, et al. 2018: 172 (redescription).
- Distribution: China, Vietnam.
Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.
Description
Worker
Staab et al. (2018) - (n=5). TL 2.66–3.10; EL 0.03–0.04; SL 0.42–0.46; HL 0.65–0.70; HLM 0.71–0.92; HW 0.60–0.66; WL 0.75–0.89; MFeL 0.43–0.54; MTiL 0.35–0.42; MBaL 0.26–0.29; PeL 0.20–0.22; PeW 0.31–0.34; LT3 0.43–0.49; LS4 0.28–0.30; LT4 0.56–0.63; OI 5; CI 92–98; SI 65–66; MFeI 71–83; MTiI 58– 65; MBaI 42–45; DPeI 155–157; IGR 0.47–0.50; ASI 123–138.
Type Material
Staab et al. (2018) - Holotype. VIETNAM, Central Annam, close to Tourane, Bana, 1400 m asl, 30-IX.1931, leg. K. Davydov (CASENT0916806, in Institute of Zoology of the Ukranian National Academy of Sciences) [images examined].
References
- Baroni Urbani, C.; De Andrade, M. L. 2003a. The ant genus Proceratium in the extant and fossil record (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat. Monogr. (Turin) 36: 1-492 (page 438, see also)
- Karavaiev, V. 1935a. Neue Ameisen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet, nebst Revision einiger Formen. Treubia 15: 57-118 (page 59, fig. 2 worker described)
- Liu, C., Fischer, G., Hita Garcia, F., Yamane, S., Liu, Q., Peng, Y.Q., Economo, E.P., Guénard, B., Pierce, N.E. 2020. Ants of the Hengduan Mountains: a new altitudinal survey and updated checklist for Yunnan Province highlight an understudied insect biodiversity hotspot. ZooKeys 978, 1–171 (doi:10.3897/zookeys.978.55767).
- Radchenko, A.G., Fisher, B.L., Esteves, F.A., Martynova, E.V., Bazhenova, T.N., Lasarenko, S.N. 2023. Ant type specimens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the collection of Volodymyr Opanasovych Karawajew. Communication 1. Dorylinae, Poneromorpha and Pseudomyrmecinae. Zootaxa, 5244(1), 1–32 (doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5244.1.1).
- Staab, M., Hita Garcia, F., Liu, C., Xu, Z.-H., Economo, E.P. 2018. Systematics of the ant genus Proceratium Roger (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Proceratiinae) in China – with descriptions of three new species based on micro-CT enhanced next-generation-morphology. ZooKeys 770: 137–192 (doi: 10.3897/zookeys.770.24908).
- Xu, Z.-H. 2000c. A systematic study of the ant genus Proceratium Roger from China (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Acta Zootaxon. Sin. 25: 434-437 (page 436, see also)
References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics
- Fontanilla A. M., A. Nakamura, Z. Xu, M. Cao, R. L. Kitching, Y. Tang, and C. J. Burwell. 2019. Taxonomic and functional ant diversity along tropical, subtropical, and subalpine elevational transects in southwest China. Insects 10, 128; doi:10.3390/insects10050128
- Staab M., F. Hita Garcia, C. Liu, Z. H. Xu, and E. P. Economo. 2018. Systematics of the ant genus Proceratium Roger (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Proceratiinae) in China – with descriptions of three new species based on micro-CT enhanced next-generation-morphology. ZooKeys 770: 137-192.
- Xu Z. H. 2000. A systematic study of the ant genus Proceratium Roger from China (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 25(4): 434-437.
- Xu Z. 2000. A systematic study of the ant genus Proceratium Roger from China (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 25(4): 434-437.