Mystrium camillae

Mystrium camillae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Amblyoponinae
Tribe:	Amblyoponini
Genus:	Mystrium
Species group:	camillae
Species:	M. camillae
Binomial name
Mystrium camillae Emery, 1889 Specimen labels
Synonyms
Mystrium camillae javana Karavaiev, 1925 Mystrium oculatum Xu, 1998

According to the revision of Mystrium in the Indo-Australian region (Bihn and Verhaagh 2007), Mystrium camillae is widely distributed in the Indomalaya, and Australian regions: from Australia to Brunei, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines and Singapore. We find that specimens currently determined as M. camillae display remarkable morphological variation, some of which appears not to be intra-specific but rather due to differences among species. For example, we found a small-sized queen with vestigial wings in Indonesian material, workers with longer setae on the anteromedial portion of the clypeus in specimens from New Guinea, a large queen with simple setae on the pronotal dorsum in specimens from China, and a strange yellow male from Australia. A reexamination of the species boundaries of Mystrium camillae based on a detailed comparative study using comprehensive colony samples from each local region is needed. (Yoshimura and Fisher 2014)

At a Glance

• Larval Hemolymph Feeding

Photo Gallery

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  Mystrium camillae worker.

Identification

The following character combination differentiates Mystrium camillae from all its congeners in the Indo-Australian region: the apex of each mandible distinctly expanded and rounded in lateral view, with a more or less triangular and caudally directed tip on the inner side; outer face of labrum entirely covered with a weakly developed, irregular rugoreticulum; maxillary palps 4-segmented; the second segment of the maxillary palp shorter than the basal (first) segment and less than half as broad as the basal segment; antennal segment III shorter than twice its width; each anterolateral corner of the head produced into a short, nearly triangular, pointed spine; dorsum of head with rugose-reticulate cuticular sculpture and spatulate hairs; minute compound eyes; petiolar node not broader than twice its length measured in dorsal view. (Bihn & Verhaagh 2007)

Distribution

Widely distributed in the Indo-Australian region and neighboring countries. Recorded from Australia, Brunei Darussalam, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea, the Philippines, Singapore and Vietnam.

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 22.88333333° to -12.83333333°.

North Temperate	North Subtropical	Tropical	South Subtropical	South Temperate

• Source: AntMaps

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Australasian Region: Australia.
Indo-Australian Region: Borneo, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore.
Oriental Region: India, Myanmar (type locality), Vietnam.
Palaearctic Region: China.

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.

Biology

Mystrium camillae occurs in well-developed forests but sometimes forest edges and second growth vegetation, and nests under stones and wood fragments. Workers are brown or brick red and dull, bear spatulate hairs, and are often clad in soil. These features make them difficult to detect when their nests are exposed. (Eguchi et al. 2014)

Explore Overview of Mystrium biology  Mystrium are predators that specialize on capturing large centipedes. The long mandibles appear to be adapted to gripping what can be fast moving centipedes, and hold them in place to allow their being stung in the softer areas between their body segments. Foragers carrying out this task also need to have strong mandibular muscles that combined with their long mandbiles may compromise their efficiency in regards to brood care. Mystrium rogeri exhibits caste polymorphism where large workers appear to be specialized for foraging while smaller workers are adapted to specialize on brood care. Colonies of Mystrium oberthueri have large workers and many small reproductives. The vast majority of the the latter do not mate, do not leave the nest and both care for brood and are active in cleaning their nests. Colony size tends to be small (< 200 workers) and in some species, e.g., Mystrium rogeri, reproduction is based on having a single large queen morph that found nests independantly. In others, intermoph queens exist and colony founding can occur via fission. ‎

Castes

Worker

.	Owned by Museum of Comparative Zoology.

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Images from AntWeb

Worker. Specimen code casent0102127. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by MSNG, Genoa, Italy.

Paratype of Mystrium oculatum. Worker. Specimen code casent0104982. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by SWFC, Kunming China.

Worker. Specimen code casent0172324. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by ANIC, Canberra, Australia.

Worker. Specimen code casent0172329. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by ANIC, Canberra, Australia.

Worker. Specimen code casent0172330. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by ANIC, Canberra, Australia.

Worker. Specimen code casent0172778. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Worker. Specimen code casent0172836. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by MCZ, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Mystrium  X-ray micro-CT scan 3D model of Mystrium camillae (worker) prepared by the Economo lab at OIST.

See on Sketchfab. See list of 3D images.

Queen

Images from AntWeb

Queen (alate/dealate). Specimen code casent0172844. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by MCZ, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Paralectotype of Mystrium camillae. Queen (alate/dealate). Specimen code casent0102124. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by MSNG, Genoa, Italy.

Queen (alate/dealate). Specimen code casent0172601. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by LACM, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Male

Images from AntWeb

Male (alate). Specimen code casent0172083. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by ANIC, Canberra, Australia.

Male (alate). Specimen code casent0172839. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by MCZ, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

• camillae. Mystrium camillae Emery, 1889b: 491, pl. 10, figs. 1-3 (w.q.) MYANMAR.
  • Type-material: lectotype worker (by designation of Yoshimura & Fisher, 2014: 47), 4 paralectotype workers.
  • Type-locality: lectotype Myanmar (“Birmania”): Bhamo, iv.1886 (L. Fea); paralectotypes with same data but dated either vi.1885, or iv.1886.
  • [Note: Yoshimura & Fisher, 2014: 47, observe that the original syntype queen could not be found.]
  • Type-depositories: MSNG (lectotype); MHNG, MNHN, MSNG (paralectotypes).
  • Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1952a: 113 (l.); Tjan, et al. 1986: 57 (k.).
  • Status as species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 15; Emery, 1895k: 454; Forel, 1900c: 54; Emery, 1900d: 661; Bingham, 1903: 36; Emery, 1911d: 23; Wheeler, W.M. & Chapman, 1925: 55; Menozzi, 1929d: 535 (redescription); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 24; Wilson, 1958a: 150; Brown, 1960a: 170; Baltazar, 1966: 234; Taylor & Brown, 1985: 35; Taylor, 1987a: 47; Bolton, 1995b: 287; Bihn & Verhaagh, 2007: 2 (redescription); Pfeiffer, et al. 2011: 32; Guénard & Dunn, 2012: 23; Yoshimura & Fisher, 2014: 47; Bharti, Guénard, et al. 2016: 18.
  • Senior synonym of javana: Brown, 1960a: 170; Bolton, 1995b: 287; Bihn & Verhaagh, 2007: 2; Yoshimura & Fisher, 2014: 16.
  • Senior synonym of oculatum: Bihn & Verhaagh, 2007: 3; Yoshimura & Fisher, 2014: 16.
  • Distribution: Australia, Brunei, China, India (+ Andaman Is, Nicobar Is), Indonesia (Irian Jaya, Java, Sumatra), Malaysia (Peninsula, Sabah, Sarawak), Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines (Luzon), Singapore.
• javana. Mystrium camillae subsp. javana Karavaiev, 1925a: 73, fig. 1 (w.) INDONESIA (Java).
  • Type-material: 2 syntype workers.
  • Type-locality: Indonesia: Java, Kalkberg (= limestone mountain), nr Tjampea, Nr 2389 (W. Karawaiew).
  • Type-depository: SIZK.
  • Subspecies of camillae: Chapman & Capco, 1951: 24.
  • Junior synonym of camillae: Brown, 1960a: 170; Bolton, 1995b: 287; Bihn & Verhaagh, 2007: 2; Yoshimura & Fisher, 2014: 16.
• oculatum. Mystrium oculatum Xu, 1998c: 161, figs. 1, 2 (w.) CHINA (Yunnan).
  • Type-material: holotype worker, 23 paratype workers.
  • Type-locality: holotype China: Yunnan, Mengla County, Menglun Town, Bakaxiaozhai (21.9°N, 101.2°E), 840 m., 8.iii.1996, no. A96-318 (Z. Xu).
  • Type-depository: SFCY.
  • [Misspelled as coulatum by Zhou & Ran, 2010: 102.]
  • Status as species: Zhou & Ran, 2010: 102.
  • Junior synonym of camillae: Bihn & Verhaagh, 2007: 3; Yoshimura & Fisher, 2014: 16.

Type Material

• Mystrium camillae: Lectotype (designated by Yoshimura & Fisher, 2014: 47), worker, Bhamo, Myanmar, April, 1886, Fea, CASENT0102123, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genoa.
• Mystrium camillae: Paralectotype (designated by Yoshimura & Fisher, 2014: 47), 1 worker, Bhamo, Myanmar, Fea, CASENT0102124, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genoa.
• Mystrium camillae: Paralectotype (designated by Yoshimura & Fisher, 2014: 47), 1 worker, Bhamo, Myanmar, Fea, CASENT0101450, Musee National d'Histoire Naturelle.
• Mystrium camillae: Paralectotype (designated by Yoshimura & Fisher, 2014: 47), 2 workers, Bhamo, Myanmar, Fea, CASENT0101809, CASENT0101784, Musee d'Histoire Naturelle Genève.
• Mystrium camillae: Paralectotype (designated by Yoshimura & Fisher, 2014: 47), 1 dealate queen, Bhamo, Myanmar, Fea; specimen not located by Yoshimura & Fisher, 2014.

Bihn & Verhaagh (2007):

• Syntype worker and queen: Myanmar (as “Birmania”: Bhamo (Fea) MSCN, not examined.
• Mystrium camillae Emery subsp. javana syntype worker: Java, limestone mountain near Tjampea, no. 2389, 2 workers on the ground, under leaves (Karawaiew) (not examined).
• Mystrium oculatum holotype worker: China: Yunnan Province, Mengla County, Menglun Town, Bakaxiaozhai (Xu Zheng-hui) SWFC (not examined).

Description

Worker

Bingham 1903: Reddish yellow the whole insect, even on the mandibles, antenna; and legs, very closely and somewhat coarsely punctured, rugose and granulate; pilosity very short, rather sparse, in no way hiding the sculpture; head slightly wider in front than posteriorly, the sides straight from the base of the mandibles for about two-thirds of their length, then a little bent inwards towards the posterior lateral angles; mandibles slightly twisted, above longitudinally grooved. For the rest, the characters as in the genus.

Length: 3.3 - 4.5 mm

Measurements and indices (Workers): HL 0.81–1.75, HW 0.85–1.64, CI 88–105, SL 0.50–1.00, SI 54– 64, ML 0.52–1.75, WL 0.91–1.49, PW 0.47–0.80 (n = 31) (Bihn & Verhaagh 2007).

Queen

Bingham 1903: Closely resembles the worker; larger and more massive; sculpture of the head and thorax, colour and pilosity as in the worker, the apical margin of the 1st, 3rd and 4th abdominal segments above smooth, slightly shining. For the rest, the characters as given for the genus.

Length: ~ 7 mm

Karyotype

• n = 16, 2n = 32 (Sarawak) (Tjan et al., 1986; Mariano et al., 2015).

References

• Brown, W. L., Jr. 1952f. Mystrium in Australia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Psyche (Camb.) 59: 25 (page 25, Record in Australia)
• Brown, W. L., Jr. 1960a. Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. III. Tribe Amblyoponini (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 122: 143-230 (page 170, senior synonym of javana)
• Eguchi, K., Bui, T.V. and Yamane, S. 2014. Generic Synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part II - Cerapachyinae, Aenictinae, Dorylinae, Leptanillinae, Amblyoponinae, Ponerinae, Ectatomminae and Ponerinae. Zootaxa. 3860:1–46.
• Emery, C. 1889c. Formiche di Birmania e del Tenasserim raccolte da Leonardo Fea (1885-87). [part]. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. 27[=(2)(7): 485-512 (page 491, pl. 10, figs. 1-3 worker, queen described)
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• Tjan, K. N.; Imai, H. T.; Kubota, M.; Brown, W. L., Jr.; Gotwald, W. H., Jr.; Yong, H.-S.; Leh, C. 1986. Chromosome observations of Sarawak ants. Annu. Rep. Natl. Inst. Genet. Jpn. 36: 57 (page 57, karyotype described)
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• Yoshimura, M. & Fisher, B.L. 2014. A revision of the ant genus Mystrium in the Malagasy region with description of six new species and remarks on Amblyopone and Stigmatomma (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Amblyoponinae). ZooKeys 394, 1–99.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

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• CSIRO Collection
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• Yoshimura M., and B. L. Fisher. 2014. A revision of the ant genus Mystrium in the Malagasy region with description of six new species and remarks on Amblyopone and Stigmatomma (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Amblyoponinae). ZooKeys 394: 1-99.
• Zryanin V. A. 2011. An eco-faunistic review of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). In: Structure and functions of soil communities of a monsoon tropical forest (Cat Tien National Park, southern Vietnam) / A.V. Tiunov (Editor). – M.: KMK Scientific Press. 2011. 277 р.101-124.