(Lapeva-Gjonova et al., 2012; Sanetra et al., 1999; Seifert, 2018 Acosta Salmerón et al., 1983 Acosta Salmerón et al., 1983; Beibl et al., 2007 Acosta Salmerón et al., 1983; Cagniant, 1973; Buschinger et al., 1988; Beibl et al., 2007; de la Mora et al., 2021 Acosta Salmerón et al., 1983; Espadaler & Restrepo, 1983; Buschinger et al., 1988; Beibl et al., 2007; de la Mora et al., 2021 Adams & Longino, 2007; Adams et al., 2015 Adams et al., 2015 Addicott, 1978; Addicott, 1979a; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Addicott, 1978; Breton and Addicott, 1992; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Addicott, 1978; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Addicott, 1979a; Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Addicott, 1979a; Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Addicott, 1979a; Mooney et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Addicott, 1979a; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Akyildirim et al., 2014, Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Akyildirim et al., 2014; Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Aldrich, 1926; Milichiidae online Altfeld and Stiling, 2009; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Aléné et al., 2011 Andersen et al., 2012; Araujo et al., 2018; Evans et al., 2011; Loreto et al., 2014; Shrestha et al., 2017 Andersen, Ferrari et al., 2012; Andersen, Hughes et al., 2012; Araujo et al., 2018; Shrestha et al., 2017 Antonov et al., 2024 Apple et al., 2014; de la Mora et al., 2021 Arakelian et al., 1997 Araujo et al., 2018; Evans et al., 2011; Shrestha et al., 2017 Araujo et al., 2018; Sanjuan et al., 2015; Shrestha et al., 2017 Araujo et al., 2018; Shrestha et al., 2017 Araujo et al., 2018; Shrestha et al., 2017; Sobczak et al., 2017 Aron et al., 2004; de la Mora et al., 2021; Mardulyn et al., 2014; Passera et al., 2001; Seifert, 2018; Trontii, 2006 Arriagada, 1987; Lackner, 2014 Ascunce et al. 2010 Baiswar & Firake, 2022 Balzani et al., 2022 Barbero et al., 2009 Barganca et al., 2020 Baroni Urbani, 1962; Sanetra et al., 1999; Sanetra & Buschinger, 2000; Seifert, 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021 Barton and Ives, 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Beibl et al., 2005; Beibl et al., 2007; de la Mora et al., 2021 Beibl et al., 2005; Blatrix & Herbers, 2003; de la Mora et al., 2021; Herbers & Foitzik, 2002; Swan & Hare, 2012 Beibl et al., 2005; Buschinger & Linksvayer, 2004; de la Mora et al., 2021; Johnson et al., 2008 Beibl et al., 2005; de la Mora et al., 2021 Beibl et al., 2005; de la Mora et al., 2021 (and included references) Beibl et al., 2005; see de la Mora et al., 2021 Beibl et al., 2007; Blatrix & Sermage, 2005; Buschinger et al., 1988; Seifert, 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021 Beibl et al., 2007; Blatrix & Sermage, 2005; Czechowski & Czechowska, 2000; Delattre et al., 2013; Seifert, 2018; Suefuji & Heinze, 2014 Beibl et al., 2007; Buschinger et al., 1988 Beibl et al., 2007; Buschinger et al., 1988; de la Mora et al., 2021 Beibl et al., 2007; Cagniant, 1973 Beibl et al., 2007; Salata, Borowiec & Trichas, 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021 Beibl et al., 2007; de la Mora et al., 2021 Bharti et al., 2016 Bharti et al., 2016; de la Mora et al., 2021 Billick et al., 2007; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Boer, 2008; Csata et al., 2013 Bolton, 1987 Bono et al., 2006; de la Mora et al., 2021 Borgmeier, 1959; Brown & Fenner, 1998 Borowiec, 2011; Kanizsai et al., 2013 Botnevik et al., 2016; de Bekker et al., 2018 Boucek, 1988; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database Braganca et al., 1998 Brake, 2009; Milichiidae online Brandao et al., 2014; Powell et al., 2014 Brandão (2003) Bristow, 1991; Pringle et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Brown & Fenner, 1998 Brown et al. 2015 Brues, 1934; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database Burks et al., 2017; Baker et al., 2019 Burks et al., 2018; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database Buschinger & Douwes, 1990 Buschinger & Douwes, 1990; Beibl et al., 2005; de la Mora et al., 2021 Buschinger & Douwes, 1993; de la Mora et al., 2021; Sanetra et al., 1999; Sanetra & Buschinger, 2000 Buschinger & Kleespies, 1999 Buschinger & Winter, 1983; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 Buschinger & Winter, 1983; Sanchez-Peña et al., 1993; Buschinger et al., 2004; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 Buschinger et al., 1981 Buschinger et al., 1983 Buschinger et al., 1984 Buschinger et al., 1984; Seifert, 2018; Suefuji & Heinze, 2014; Suefuji & Heinze, 2015; de la Mora et al., 2021 Buschinger et al., 1988 Buschinger et al., 1988; Cagniant, 1973; Beibl et al., 2007; de la Mora et al., 2021 Buschinger et al., 1988; de la Mora et al., 2021 Buschinger et al., 1988; de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018; Suefuji & Heinze, 2014; Suefuji & Heinze, 2015 Buschinger et al., 1990 Buschinger et al., 1995 Buschinger et al., 2004; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 Buschinger, 1973; Laciny, 2021 Buschinger, 1973; Peru et al., 1990; Laciny, 2021 Buschinger, 1995; de la Mora et al., 2021; Lapeva-Gjonova et al., 2012; Sanetra et al., 1994; Sanetra et al., 1999; Sanetra & Buschinger, 2000; Seifert, 2018; Wagner et al., 2017 Buschinger, 1995; de la Mora et al., 2021; Sanetra et al., 1994; Sanetra et al., 1999; Sanetra & Buschinger, 2000; Seifert, 2018; Wagner et al., 2017 Báthori et al. 2015b, Santamaria and Espadaler 2015 Bünzli, 1935; Roba, 1936; LaPolla, 2004 Cagniant, 1973 Cagniant, 1973; Buschinger et al., 1988; Beibl et al., 2007; de la Mora et al., 2021 Cagniant, 1983 Calilung, 2000 Carey et al., 2012; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database Carver et al., 2003; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Casadei Ferreira et al., 2016; de la Mora et al., 2021; Ferreira et al., 2016; Wilson, 2003 Casevitz-Weulersse, 2014 Casevitz-Weulersse, J. 2014 Castaño-Meneses et al., 2014 Chernenko et al., 2011; de la Mora et al., 2021; Ruano et al., 2018 Chernenko et al., 2011; de la Mora et al., 2021; Ruano et al., 2018; Seifert, 2018 Chernenko et al., 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 Cockerell, 1903; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Collingwood, 1956; Espadaler & Riasol, 1981; Elton, 1991 Collingwood, 1976 Collingwood, 1979; de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Seifert, 2018 Coman, 1953 Cook, 2019 Cover & Rabeling, 2024 Crawley & Baylis, 1921 Creighton & Snelling, 1966; Kanizsai et al., 2013 Crosland, 1988 Csata et al., 2013 Csosz & Majoros, 2009; Laciny, 2021 Csosz, 2012; Laciny, 2021 Csösz et al., 2015 Csősz et al., 2012 Curran, 1924 Czechowsk et al., 2007; Laciny, 2021 Czechowski & Czechowska, 2000 Czechowski & Czechowska, 2000; Beibl et al., 2007; Seifert, 2018 Czechowski & Czechowska, 2000; Kanizsai et al., 2013 Czechowski & Czechowska, 2000; de la Mora et al., 2021; Beibl et al., 2005; Seifert, 2018; Suefuji & Heinze, 2014 Czechowski & Czechowska, 2000; de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018 Czechowski & Czechowska, 2000; de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018; Suefuji & Heinze, 2014 Czechowski & Rotkiewicz, 1997; Kanizsai et al., 2013 Czechowski & Vepsalainen, 1999; Kanizsai et al., 2013 Czechowski & Yamauchi, 1998; Kanizsai et al., 2013 Czechowski, 2004; Kanizsai et al., 2013 Czechowski, 2004; Kanizsai et al., 2013; Morley, 1945 Czechowski, 2005; Kanizsai et al., 2013 Czechowski, W. 2003; Czechowski, 2004; Kanizsai et al., 2013; Morley, 1945 D'Ettorre & Heinze, 2001; Ruano et al., 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 D'Ettorre et al., 2000; Mori et al., 2000; Visiccio et al., 2000; Visiccio et al., 2001; Romani et al., 2006; Seifert, 2018; Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 Das, 1963; Kerrich, 1963; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database Davis & Deyrup, 2006 Deeming, 1981; Milichiidae online Degen et al., 1986; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Delsinne et al., 2011 Demming, 1981; Yusah & Fayle, 2014 Deyrup & Cover, 1998 Disney et al., 1998 Disney et al., 1998; Quevillon, 2018 Disney et al., 2009; Quevillon, 2018 Donisthorpe, 1927; Andersson, 1971; Milichiidae online Donisthorpe, 1927; Hennig, 1937; Hennig, 1952; Milichiidae online Donisthorpe, 1927; Okland, 1998; Andersson, 1971; Tiensuu, 1946; Donisthorpe, 1927; Duda, 1935; Milichiidae online Downes, 2017; Laciny, 2021 Ellison et al., 2012 Ellison et al., 2012; Mackay & Mackay, 2002 Elton, 1975; Elton, 1991 Elton, 1991 Endo and Itino, 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Espadaler & Restrepo, 1983 Espadaler & Restrepo, 1983; Beibl et al., 2007; de la Mora et al., 2021 Espadaler & Restrepo, 1983; Buschinger et al., 1988; Beibl et al., 2007; de la Mora et al., 2021 Espadaler & Riasol, 1981; Elton, 1991 Espadaler & Riasol, 1983; Laciny, 2021 Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012; De Kesel et al. 2016, Haelewaters et al. 2015a, 2015b Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012; Quevillon, 2018 Espadaler and Restrepo, 1983 Espadaler et al., 2011; Laciny, 2021 Espadaler, 1981; Tinaut et al., 1992; Seifert, 2018 Espadaler, 1997 Fabricius, 1805 Farder-Gomes et al., 2020 Farder-Gomes et al., 2020; Souza & Pereira, 2020 Favret et al., 2010; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Fernández-Marín et al., 2006 Ferreira et al., 2016 Fikáček et al., 2013; Maruyama et al., 2023 Finzi, 1930; Laciny, 2021 Fischer and Shingleton, 2001; Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Fischer et al., 2020 Foitzik et al., 2003; Guillem et al., 2014; de la Mora et al., 2021 Forbes, 1906; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Gabrion et al., 1976; Laciny, 2021 Gaige ,1914; Kanizsai et al., 2013 Garcia et al. (2024) García & Espadaler, 2010; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 García et al. (2024) García, F., Espadaler, X. 2010; Espadaler & Roig, 2012; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012; Gonçalves et al., 2012 Gemignani, 1933; Heraty et al., 1993; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database General & Buenavente, 2021 Giehr et al., 2015 Girault, 1913; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database Gonzalez et al., 2016 Gonçalves et al., 2012 Gonçalves et al., 2012. Goodloe & Sanwald, 1985; MacGown & Brown, 2006; King & Trager, 2007; Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 Goodloe & Sanwald, 1985; Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 Goodloe and Sanwald, 1985; Goodloe, Sanwald and Topoff, 1987; Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 Gosswald, 1929; Laciny, 2021 Gratiashvili et al., 2014 Gregg, 1963; Mackay & Mackay, 2002 Gull-E-Fareen et al., 2020 Gull-E-Fareen et al., 2020; Idechiil et al., 2007; Lokeshwari et al., 2015; Siddiqui et al., 2019 Gull-E-Fareen et al., 2020; Idechiil et al., 2007; Siddiqui et al., 2019 Gull-E-Fareen et al., 2020; Kataria and Kumar, 2013; Rakhshan and Ahmad, 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Gull-E-Fareen et al., 2020; Kataria and Kumar, 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Gull-E-Fareen et al., 2020; Verghese and Tandon, 1987; Kataria and Kumar, 2013; Lokeshwari et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Gull-E-Fareen et al., 2020Siddiqui et al., 2019; Zhou et al., 2015 Gösswald, 1938; Laciny, 2021 Harvey, 1992 Hava et al., 2012 Hayashi et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Hayashida, 1966 Heinze & Alloway, 1992 Heinze et al., 1998; Laciny, 2021 Hembry et al., 2006; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Heraty et al., 1993; Varone et al., 2010; Baker et al., 2019 Heraty et al., 1993; Varone et al., 2010; Baker et al., 2019; Heraty et al., 1993; Varone et al., 2010; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database Heraty et al., 2015; Universal Chalcidoidea Database Heraty, 1990; Baker et al., 2019 Heraty, 1990; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database Heraty, 1990; Chien & Heraty, 2018; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database Heraty, 1994; Baker et al., 2019 Heraty, 1994; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database Heraty, 2000; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database Herreid, 2015; Baker et al., 2019 Hisasue & Mita, 2020 Hohorst & Graefe, 1961 Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007 Holldobler et al., 2011; Kronauer et al., 2003; de la Mora et al., 2021 Holldobler, 1929; Holldobler, 1933; Buschinger & Winter, 1983; Buschinger et al., 2004; Csosz et al., 2012; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 Holldobler, 1933; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 Hosoishi et al., 2020 Hsu et al., 2020 Hughes et al., 2003; Cook, 2019 Idechiil et al., 2007; Lokeshwari et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Idechiil et al., 2007; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Ikeshita et al., 2017 Ingrisch, 1995 Ipateva et al., 1990 J. Roth, pers. comm., 2019 J. Trager (pers. comm.) J. Trager, pers. comm. Jacobson, 1910; de Meijere, 1910; Wild & Brake, 2009; Milichiidae online Janet, 1893; Wahab, 1962 Japanese Ant Image Database Jitjak & Sanoamuang, 2019 Joharchi et al., 2020 Jouvenaz & Anthony, 1979 Jouvenaz & Ellis, 1986; Sokolova & Fuxa, 2008 Jouvenaz & Hazard, 1978; Sokolova & Fuxa, 2008 Jouvenaz & Wojcik, 1990 Kaiser, 1986a, 1986b Kaneko, 2003; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Kanizsai et al., 2013 Kanizsai et al., 2013; Morley, 1945 Kanizsai et al., 2013; Wheeler, 1901 Kanizsai et al., 2013; Wheeler, 1905 Kanizsai et al., 2013; Wheeler, 1917 Kanizsai et al., 2013; Wheeler, 1921 Kanizsai et al., 2013; Włodarczyk et al., 2009 Karaman & Kiran, 2022 Kataria & Kumar, 2013; Gull-E-Fareen et al., 2020 Kataria and Kumar, 2013; Rakhshan & Ahmad, 2015; Gull-E-Fareen et al., 2020 Kataria and Kumar, 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Katayama et al., 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Kathirithamby & Hughes, 2002; Cook, 2019 Kathirithamby & Johnston, 1992; Cook, 2019 Kathirithamby, 1991; Cook, 2019 Khaustov & Tolstikov, 2016; Rahiminejad & Hajiqanbar, 2020 Khaustov, 2015 King & Trager, 2007; Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 King & Trager, 2007; de la Mora et al., 2021 Kiran et al., 2017 Kleespies et al., 1997; Buschinger & Kleespies, 1999 Knab, 1917 Knell et al. 1977; Sokolova & Fuxa, 2008 Kobayasi, 1981; Araujo et al., 2018; Sanjuan et al., 2015; Shrestha et al., 2017 Kohler, 2012 Kohriba, 1963 Komatsu & Maruyama, 2008 Kubota & Kondoh, 1954; Hayashida, 1963 Kubota, 1965 Kutter, 1920; de la Mora et al., 2021; Sanetra et al., 1994; Sanetra et al., 1999; Sanetra & Buschinger, 2000; Seifert, 2018 Kutter, 1920; de la Mora et al., 2021; Sanetra et al., 1994; Sanetra et al., 1999; Sanetra & Buschinger, 2000; Seifert, 2018; Wagner et al. 2017 Kutter, 1958; Laciny, 2021 LaPolla & Schneider, 2023 LaPolla (2004) Laciny et al., 2017 Laciny, 2017 Lackner, 2014; Lackner & Arriagada, 2020 Lapeva-Gjonova et al., 2012 Latibari et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Lee, 1957 Lenoir et al., 2001; Bauer et al., 2009; Brandt et al., 2007; Fischer-Blass et al., 2006; Foitzik et al., 2003; de la Mora et al., 2021 Lescano et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Liberti et al., 2015 Liepert and Dettner, 1993; Volkl et al., 1999; Offenberg, 2001; Woodring et al., 2004; Fischer et al., 2005; Detrain et al., 2010; Sanders and Frank, 2010; Tegelaar et al., 2012; Tegelaar et al., 2013; Fischer et al., 2015; Tegelaar, 2015; Vantaux et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Lin et al., 2020 Loiacono et al., 2000; Loiacono, 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2016 Loiacono, 1987; Gonzalez et al., 2016 Loiacono, 1987; Loiacono et al., 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2016 Loiacono, 1987; Loiacono, 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2016; www.diapriid.org Loiacono, 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2016 Loiacono, 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2016; www.diapriid.org Loiácono et al., 2000; Loiácono & Margaría, 2009; Loiacono et al., 2013; Loiacono, 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2016 Lokeshwari et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Longino, 2010; Adams et al., 2015 MacGown, 2006 MacRae, 2019; Polidori et al., 2020 Mackay & Mackay, 1984 Mackay & Mackay, 2002 Mackay and Mackay 2002 Mackay and Mackay 2002; de la Mora et al., 2021 Mackay and Mackay, 2002 Mackay and Mackay, 2002; Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 Mackay and Mackay, 2002; Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021; Bono et al., 2006; Bono et al., 2007; Johnson, 2000; Johnson et al., 2005 Macquart, 1834 Maeyama et al., 1994 Laciny, 2021 Mangold et al., 2019 Mann, 1911 Mann, 1914; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database Mann, 1918; Heraty, 1994; Wetterer & Porter, 2003; Burks et al. 2018; Baker et al., 2019 Mann, 1918; Heraty, 1994; Wetterer & Porter, 2003; Burks et al., 2018; Baker et al., 2019; Heraty et al., 2021; Universal Chalcidoidea Database Mann, 1918; Heraty, 1994; Wetterer & Porter, 2003; Burks et al., 2018; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database Markin & McCoy, 1968 Martin et al. 2007; Wilson 1971 Maruyama et al., 2016; Maruyama et al., 2023 Maruyama et al., 2023 Maruyama, 2008 Maschwitz et al., 2000 Masner & Garcia, 2002 Matsuura and Yashiro, 2006; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Małagocka et al., 2017 McInnes & Tschinkel, 1996; Laciny, 2021 Mei, 1987 Messer et al., 2016 Messer et al., 2020 Mitchell & Jouvenaz, 1985; Laciny, 2021 Mizuno et al., 2018 Moffett, 2010; Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 Mohammed et al., 1988; Laciny, 2021 Molnar et al., 2000; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Mondor and Addicott, 2007; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Mooney et al., 2008; Nielsen et al., 2009; Abdala-Roberts et al., 2012; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Mooney et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Mori et al., 2000; Trager, 2013; Seifert, 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021 Moser & Neff, 1971; Milichiidae online Moser & Neff, 1971; Muesebeck, 1980 Muir, 1954; Laciny, 2021 Myers, 1931:276 Müller and Godfray, 1999; Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Müller and Godfray, 1999; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Nagy et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Narendran, 1989; Universal Chalcidoidea Database Nickle & Ayre, 1966 Nickle & Jouvenaz, 1987 Nixon, 1957 Novak, 1977 Novgorodova, 2005; Kataria and Kumar, 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 O'Rourke, 1946; O’Grady & Breen, 2011; Laciny, 2021 Ott et al. 2015 Palmer, 1952; Cockerell, 1903; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Paris and Espadaler, 2009; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Pascovici, 1983; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 Passera, 1976; Laciny, 2021 Paulson & Akre, 1991; www.diapriid.org Pearson & Vogler, 2001; Polidori et al., 2020 Peeters et al. 2015 Peeters et al., 1994; Milichiidae online Pekar, 2020 Pekár et al. (2018) Pekár et al. 2018 Pereira et al. 2015 Pereira et al. 2015; Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020 Pereira et al., 2002 Pereira, 2004; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 Petry et al., 2012; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Pohl & Kinzelbach, 2001 Poinar & Yanoviak, 2008 Poinar et al., 1989 Poinar et al., 2006 Poinar et al., 2007; Laciny, 2021 Poinar, 2002 Poinar, 2003 Poinar, 2011 Poinar, 2011; Quevillon, 2018 Poinar, 2012 Polidori et al., 2020 Porter et al. 2018 Powell and Silverman, 2010; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Powell and Silverman, 2010; Tena et al., 2013; LeVan and Holway, 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Prebus et al., 2023 Prins, 1982; LaPolla & Spearman, 2007; Schneider & LaPolla, 2020 Pérez-Ortega et al., 2010 Rabeling & Bacci, 2010 Rabeling et al., 2015 Rabeling et al., 2019 Radchenko & Elmes, 2003; Csosz, 2012; Laciny, 2021 Radchenko and Elmes, 2010; Bharti, 2012 Radchenko et al., 2017 Radchenko, 1991; Sanetra & Buschinger, 2000 Raddatz, 1873; Milichiidae online Raddatz, 1873; Okland, 1998; Donisthorpe, 1927; Webb & Ismay, 2003; Poulton, 1919; Milichiidae online Rahiminejad & Hajiqanbar, 2015 Rahiminejad & Hajiqanbar, 2020 Rakhshan and Ahmad, 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Rasheed et al., 2020 Reichensperger, 1913 Roepke, 1910 Romani et al., 2006; D'Ettorre et al., 2000; Mori et al., 2000; Visiccio et al., 2000; Visiccio et al., 2001; Romani et al., 2006; Seifert, 2018; Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 Ruano & Tinaut, 1999; D'Ettorre & Heinze, 2001; Errard et al., 2006; Ruano et al., 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 Ruano et al., 2018 Ruano et al., 2018; Savolainen & Deslippe, 2001; de la Mora et al., 2021 Ruano et al., 2018; Seifert, 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021 Ruano et al., 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021 Ruano et al., 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021; Japanese Ant Image Database Rubstov, 1970 S. Cover, MCZbase Sakai, 1990 Sakata, 1995; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Salata & Borowiec, 2015 Salata et al., 2015 Salata et al., 2023 Salata et al., 2024 Salata, Borowiec & Trichas, 2018 Samson, et al., 1989 Sanchez-Peña et al., 1993; Buschinger et al., 2004; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 Sanchez-Peña et al., 1993; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 Sanchez-Peña et al., 1993; García & Espadaler, 2010; Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020 Sanetra & Buschinger, 2000; Seifert, 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021 Sanetra & Buschinger, 2000; Wagner et al. 2017; Seifert, 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021 Sanetra & Buschinger, 2000; de la Mora et al., 2021 Sanetra et al., 1999; Seifert, 2018 Sanjuan et al., 2015; Araujo et al., 2018; Shrestha et al., 2017 Sanjuan et al., 2015; Shrestha et al., 2017 Santschi 1930; Briano et al. 1997; Calcaterra et al. 2000 Santschi 1933 Savolainen & Deslippe, 2001; Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 Savolainen & Deslippe, 2001; de la Mora et al., 2021 Sawada, 1974 Scarparo et al., 2020 Scharf et al., 2012; Beros et al., 2015; Feldmeyer et al., 2016; Laciny, 2021 Scharf et al., 2012; Laciny, 2021 Schellerich-Kaaden et al. 1997 Schifani et al., 2022 Schifani et al., 2022; de la Mora et al., 2021 Schmid, Morales et al., 2014 Schneider & LaPolla, 2020 Schwartz, 1895 Seifert & Schultz, 2009; Seifert, 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021 Seifert & Schultz, 2021 Seifert, 2018 Seifert, 2018; Wagner et al., 2017 Seifert, 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021 Seifert, 2021 Seifert, 2023 Settele et al., 2005; Sielezniew et al., 2010a Sevastianov 1980; Rahiminejad & Hajiqanbar, 2020 Sevastianov, 1967; Rahiminejad & Hajiqanbar, 2020 Sharma et al., 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Shields, 1973; Snelling, 1988 Shigayev & Snegovaya, 2022 Shiran et al., 2013; Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Shiran et al., 2013; Rakhshan and Ahmad, 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Shrestha et al. 2017 Shrestha et al. 2017; Araujo et al., 2018 Siddiqui et al., 2019; Gull-E-Fareen et al., 2020 Siddiqui et al., 2019; Gull-E-Fareen et al., 2020; Idechiil et al., 2007 Sielezniew et al., 2010 Sielezniew et al., 2010b Silva & Casadei-Ferreira, 2020 Silveira-Guido et al., 1964; Heraty et al., 1993; Varone et al. 2010; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database Silveira-Guido et al., 1964; Heraty et al., 1993; Varone et al., 2010; Baker et al., 2019 Silveira-Guido et al., 1964; Heraty et al., 1993; Varone et al., 2010; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database Sinu et al., 2006 Smith, 1939 Snelling & Buren, 1985 Sokolova & Fuxa, 2008 Sonobe, 1974; Elton, 1991 Souza & Pereira, 2020 Stalling & Cassar, 2020 Stalling & Cassar, 2020; Stalling et al., 2021 Stalling et al., 2015; Stalling & Cassar, 2020; Stalling et al., 2021 Stary, 1969; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Stary, 1969; Shiran et al., 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Stefan Cover (pers. obs.) Stefan Cover (unpublished) Steiner et al., 2019; Laciny, 2021 Strelnikov, 1928; Laciny, 2021 Sudd, 1983; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Sung et al., 2007; Evans & Samson, 1984 Suzuki et al., 2004; Katayama et al., 2013; Hayashi et al., 2015; Hayashi et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Suzuki et al., 2004; Katayama et al., 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Swann, 2010; Milichiidae online Tartally et al., 2019; Ebsen et al., 2019 Tena et al., 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Terayama et al., 2024 Terayama, 1985, 1986 Terayama, 1988; LaPolla, 2004 Thompson, 1981 Tinaut et al., 1992; Guillem et al., 2014 Tinaut et al., 2010; Ruano et al., 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 Townsend, 1895 Trabalon et al., 2000; Laciny, 2021 Trager, 2013 Trager, 2013; Seifert, 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021 Trager, 2013; Sulger et al., 2014; de la Mora et al., 2021 Trager, 2013; Torres & Tsutsui, 2016; de la Mora et al., 2021 Tsuneoka, 2008; Tsuneoka & Akino, 2009; Tsuneoka & Akino, 2012; Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 Turian & Wuest, 1977; Bałazy, 1993; Sosnowska et al., 2004; Boer, 2008; Csata et al., 2013 Valenti & Gaimari, 2000; Polidori et al., 2020 Valles et al., 2011 Van Pelt, 1950; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database Varone et al., 2010; Baker et al., 2019 Varone et al., 2010; Baker et al., 2019; Verghese & Tandon, 1987; Kataria & Kumar, 2013; Lokeshwari et al., 2015; Gull-E-Fareen et al., 2020 Verrall, 1894; Hennig, 1937; Milichiidae online Viehmeyer, 1916 Volkl et al., 1999; Fischer et al., 2002; Woodring et al., 2004; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Volkl et al., 1999; Müller and Godfray, 1999; Woodring et al., 2004; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Vrieling et al., 1991; Müller and Godfray, 1999; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Wagner et al. 2017 Wagner et al., 2017; Seifert, 2018 Wagner et al., 2018 Wagner et al., 2020 Wahab, 1962 Waller, 1980 Waller, 1980;
Milichiidae online Wang et al. 2016 Ward, 1985 Ward, 1985; Klein, 1987 Ward, 1988 Ward, 1996 Weber, 1943 Wheeler & Wheeler, 1937; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database Wheeler & Wheeler, 1937; Kempf, 1972; Baker et al., 2019 Wheeler & Wheeler, 1937; Kempf, 1972; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database Wheeler & Wheeler, 1986; Baker et al., 2019 Wheeler & Wheeler, 1986; Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 Wheeler & Wheeler, 2002 Wheeler (1904) Wheeler 1925b, Adams et al. 2013 Wheeler and Wheeler 1986 Wheeler and Wheeler, 1952 Wheeler and Wheeler, 1952; Wheeler and Wheeler, 1986 Wheeler and Wheeler, 2002 Wheeler, 1901; Wheeler, 1928; Laciny, 2021 Wheeler, 1907; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database Wheeler, 1907; Gahan, 1940; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database Wheeler, 1907; Johnson et al., 1986; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database Wheeler, 1929; Laciny, 2021 Wheeler, 1930; Laciny, 2021 Wheeler, 1933; Laciny, 2021 Wheeler, 1986 Wiedemann, 1830 Wild & Brake, 2009 Wild & Brake, 2009; Jesovnik et al., 2013; Milichiidae online Williams and LaPolla, 2004 Williams et al., 1973 Williams et al., 1973; Pereira et al. 2015 Williams et al., 1973; Sanchez-Restrepo et al., 2020 Willis, 1967; Polidori et al., 2020 Wilson 1971; Martin et al. 2007 Wimp and Whitham, 2001; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Woodring et al., 2004; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Yamaoka, 1977 Yusah & Fayle, 2014; Milichiidae online Zhang et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Zhao et al., 2013 Zhou, 2012; Zhou, 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 based on a photo by Michal Kukla, fungal identification by João Araújo de Bekker et al., 2018 de Meijere, 1910; Wild & Brake, 2009 de Meijere, 1940; Milichiidae online de la Mora et al., 2021; Bharti, 2012; Radchenko and Elmes, 2010 de la Mora et al., 2021; Briano et al. 1997; Calcaterra et al. 2000; Dedeine et al., 2005; Santschi 1930 de la Mora et al., 2021; Briano et al. 1997; Calcaterra et al. 2000; Santschi 1930 de la Mora et al., 2021; Chernenko et al., 2013 de la Mora et al., 2021; De Souza et al., 2007 de la Mora et al., 2021; De Souza et al., 2007; De Souza et al., 2011; Rabeling et al., 2015; Soares et al., 2010 de la Mora et al., 2021; Deyrup & Prusak, 2008 de la Mora et al., 2021; Ellison et al., 2012; Janda et al., 2004 de la Mora et al., 2021; Ellison et al., 2012; Janda et al., 2004; Mackay & Mackay, 2002; Raczkowski et al., 2011 de la Mora et al., 2021; Elmes, 1978; Jansen et al., 2010 de la Mora et al., 2021; Espadaler, 1981; Guillem et al., 2014; Karaman et al., 2013; Tinaut et al., 1992; Seifert, 2018 de la Mora et al., 2021; Feitosa et al., 2008; Feneron et al., 2013; Hora et al., 2005; Hora et al., 2009 de la Mora et al., 2021; Fleeberg & Foitzik, 2016; Seifert et al., 2014 de la Mora et al., 2021; Garcia et al., 2008; Jansen et al., 2010 de la Mora et al., 2021; Gratiashvili et al., 2014 de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004 de la Mora et al., 2021; Janda et al., 2004; Raczkowski et al., 2011 de la Mora et al., 2021; Jansen et al., 2010; Masuko & Terayama, 2002 de la Mora et al., 2021; Jansen et al., 2010; Radchenko & Elmes, 2003 de la Mora et al., 2021; Jansen et al., 2010; Radchenko & Elmes, 2003; Seifert, 2018 de la Mora et al., 2021; Jansen et al., 2010; Seifert, 2018 de la Mora et al., 2021; Karaman & Kiran, 2022 de la Mora et al., 2021; Kinomura, 1992; Ohkawara & Aonuma, 2016 de la Mora et al., 2021; Kiran et al., 2017 de la Mora et al., 2021; Lambardi et al., 2007; Rabeling et al., 2015, Sumner et al., 2004 de la Mora et al., 2021; Lapeva-Gjonova et al., 2012 de la Mora et al., 2021; Menozzi, 1921; Sanetra et al., 1999; Sanetra & Buschinger, 2000 de la Mora et al., 2021; Messer et al., 2016 de la Mora et al., 2021; Novák & Sadil, 1941; Sanetra et al., 1994; Sanetra et al., 1999; Sanetra & Buschinger, 2000; Seifert, 1996; Seifert, 2018 de la Mora et al., 2021; Novák & Sadil, 1941; Sanetra et al., 1994; Sanetra et al., 1999; Seifert, 1996; Sanetra & Buschinger, 2000; Seifert, 2018 de la Mora et al., 2021; Novák & Sadil, 1941; Sanetra et al., 1994; Sanetra et al., 1999; Seifert, 1996; Sanetra & Buschinger, 2000; Seifert, 2018; Wagner et al. 2017 de la Mora et al., 2021; Rabeling & Bacci, 2010; Rabeling et al., 2014 de la Mora et al., 2021; Rabeling et al., 2015 de la Mora et al., 2021; Rabeling et al., 2019; Sumner et al., 2004 de la Mora et al., 2021; Raczkowski & Luque, 2011 de la Mora et al., 2021; Radchenko, 1991; Sanetra & Buschinger, 2000 de la Mora et al., 2021; Ruano et al., 1=2019 de la Mora et al., 2021; Ruano et al., 2018 de la Mora et al., 2021; Ruano et al., 2018; Seifert, 2018 de la Mora et al., 2021; Sanetra & Buschinger, 2000 de la Mora et al., 2021; Sanetra & Buschinger, 2000; Seifert, 2018 de la Mora et al., 2021; Sanetra et al., 1999; Sanetra & Buschinger, 2000 de la Mora et al., 2021; Schifani, 2017; Trontti, 2006 de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018; Sanetra & Buschinger, 2000 de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018; Schlick-Steiner et al., 2002 de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018; Wagner et al., 2017 de la Mora et al., 2021; Wagner et al., 2018 de la Mora et al., 2021; Wilson, 2003 phorid.net; Brown & Fenner, 1998 photo by Michal Kukla van Paridon et al., 2017; Martin-Vega et al., 2018; Criscione et al., 2020 Özdemir et al., 2008; Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Özdemir et al., 2008; Mortazavi et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Özdemir et al., 2008; Saddiqui et al., 2019 Özdemir et al., 2008; Shiran et al., 2013; Saddiqui et al., 2019
.jpg){kind=logo}
:
Brown et al., 2015 
Relationship:
Source: (Click arrow to add another value)